Chapter 12 Lecture Outline
... – When an electrical signal reaches the end of nerve fiber, the cell secretes a chemical neurotransmitter that influences the next cell ...
... – When an electrical signal reaches the end of nerve fiber, the cell secretes a chemical neurotransmitter that influences the next cell ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Intracellular recording of electrical potential. Types and distribution of electrical conductivity. Action potential. Ionic mechanisms of action potential. Refractory periods. The frequency code. Generation and propagation of ...
... Intracellular recording of electrical potential. Types and distribution of electrical conductivity. Action potential. Ionic mechanisms of action potential. Refractory periods. The frequency code. Generation and propagation of ...
Intellectual Functions of the Brain
... • Needs at least 4 hours to form • Depends on frequent repetition • Stored in different areas of Neocortex but always interconected • Thalamocortical reverberation circuits • Micro-structure changes! Increases the number of connection between neurons... • Virtually unlimited! ...
... • Needs at least 4 hours to form • Depends on frequent repetition • Stored in different areas of Neocortex but always interconected • Thalamocortical reverberation circuits • Micro-structure changes! Increases the number of connection between neurons... • Virtually unlimited! ...
Keshara Senanayake Towle Notes Chapter 50 "Nervous System
... >called neurotransmitters --> turn elicit electrical activity in a second neuron >this the signaling activity of the nervous system is composed of electrical activity within neurons and chemical flow between neurons >neuron function is dependant on electrical activity -neurons have an electrical cha ...
... >called neurotransmitters --> turn elicit electrical activity in a second neuron >this the signaling activity of the nervous system is composed of electrical activity within neurons and chemical flow between neurons >neuron function is dependant on electrical activity -neurons have an electrical cha ...
THE CONTROL SYSTEMS
... represent "dendrites" bringing information to the cell body; your arm represents the "axon" taking information away from the cell body. ...
... represent "dendrites" bringing information to the cell body; your arm represents the "axon" taking information away from the cell body. ...
Coding and learning of behavioral sequences
... bursts (indicated by horizontal bars) increases. (b) Asymmetric receptive fields caused by asymmetric Hebbian learning. Because a postsynaptic neuron in the CA1 hippocampus fires only after several excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs; arrows in the graph) have accumulated, connections from the ...
... bursts (indicated by horizontal bars) increases. (b) Asymmetric receptive fields caused by asymmetric Hebbian learning. Because a postsynaptic neuron in the CA1 hippocampus fires only after several excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs; arrows in the graph) have accumulated, connections from the ...
Auditory Aerobics
... memory (and auditory) function. ►When initiated in middle age – when many people start to notice subtle hearing and memory changes – may offer the strongest, most widespread benefits for memory (and ...
... memory (and auditory) function. ►When initiated in middle age – when many people start to notice subtle hearing and memory changes – may offer the strongest, most widespread benefits for memory (and ...
Learning Objectives
... 8. Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9. Distinguish between gated and ungated ion channels and among ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated ion channels. 10. Define a graded potential and explain how it is different from a resting potential or a ...
... 8. Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 9. Distinguish between gated and ungated ion channels and among ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated ion channels. 10. Define a graded potential and explain how it is different from a resting potential or a ...
PCL - mmc7
... Lower motor neurons: these carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord (or brainstem for cranial nerves) to the muscle Decussation: the crossing over of upper motor neurons Suppose that left-sided facial weakness arises. Where could this pathology be? 1. Left side lower-motor neuron 2. Right side uppe ...
... Lower motor neurons: these carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord (or brainstem for cranial nerves) to the muscle Decussation: the crossing over of upper motor neurons Suppose that left-sided facial weakness arises. Where could this pathology be? 1. Left side lower-motor neuron 2. Right side uppe ...
File - Lucinda Supernavage
... • Motor Nerves – carry impulses to muscles or glands; cause a response; EFFERENT nerves • Interneurons – connect sensory and motor nerves NEUROPATHY – damage to nerves in the PNS usually from underlying medical conditions (ie. Diabetes) • symptoms include burning/tingling sensation and loss of sensa ...
... • Motor Nerves – carry impulses to muscles or glands; cause a response; EFFERENT nerves • Interneurons – connect sensory and motor nerves NEUROPATHY – damage to nerves in the PNS usually from underlying medical conditions (ie. Diabetes) • symptoms include burning/tingling sensation and loss of sensa ...
Learning, remembering and forgetting in the mammalian brain
... been examined. These studies suggest that after recall of a stored memory, biochemical changes in neurons that represent the stored memory are destabilised, and a second round of genetic changes are required for permanent storage. The reasons for this reconsolidation are not clear but it has been su ...
... been examined. These studies suggest that after recall of a stored memory, biochemical changes in neurons that represent the stored memory are destabilised, and a second round of genetic changes are required for permanent storage. The reasons for this reconsolidation are not clear but it has been su ...
Slide ()
... Neurogenic and myopathic diseases have different effects on the motor unit. A. A motor unit potential is recorded by inserting a needle electrode into the muscle. The muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron are not usually adjacent to one another, yet the highly effective transmission at t ...
... Neurogenic and myopathic diseases have different effects on the motor unit. A. A motor unit potential is recorded by inserting a needle electrode into the muscle. The muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron are not usually adjacent to one another, yet the highly effective transmission at t ...
Slide ()
... Neurogenic and myopathic diseases have different effects on the motor unit. A. A motor unit potential is recorded by inserting a needle electrode into the muscle. The muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron are not usually adjacent to one another, yet the highly effective transmission at t ...
... Neurogenic and myopathic diseases have different effects on the motor unit. A. A motor unit potential is recorded by inserting a needle electrode into the muscle. The muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron are not usually adjacent to one another, yet the highly effective transmission at t ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM
... up a current that spreads out from the site of the action potential. Again, just like the graded potentials, it will decay with distance. However, if the current spreads to another site on the membrane containing voltage-gated Na+ channels and the current still has sufficient voltage to depolarize t ...
... up a current that spreads out from the site of the action potential. Again, just like the graded potentials, it will decay with distance. However, if the current spreads to another site on the membrane containing voltage-gated Na+ channels and the current still has sufficient voltage to depolarize t ...
chapt09answers
... ___saltatory____ conduction. This conduction is many times faster . Synapse: The junction between two communicating neurons is called a _ synapse_________________; there exists a ____synaptic cleft_____ between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. Synaptic Transmission it the process by w ...
... ___saltatory____ conduction. This conduction is many times faster . Synapse: The junction between two communicating neurons is called a _ synapse_________________; there exists a ____synaptic cleft_____ between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. Synaptic Transmission it the process by w ...
Chapter 7 - Faculty Web Sites
... neurotransmitter) fuse with plasma membrane at the synaptic knob, spilling contents into the cleft The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds with receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron, causing an ion channel to open ...
... neurotransmitter) fuse with plasma membrane at the synaptic knob, spilling contents into the cleft The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds with receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron, causing an ion channel to open ...
The basics of brain communication
... Many drugs, especially those that affect moods or behavior, work by interfering with normal functioning of neurotransmitters in the synapse. How this occurs depends on the drug, such as the following: 1. Drugs can mimic specific neurotransmitters. • Nicotine is chemically similar to acetylcholine an ...
... Many drugs, especially those that affect moods or behavior, work by interfering with normal functioning of neurotransmitters in the synapse. How this occurs depends on the drug, such as the following: 1. Drugs can mimic specific neurotransmitters. • Nicotine is chemically similar to acetylcholine an ...
Neuron Structure and Function
... neuromuscular junction • Synaptic cleft between the motor neuron and the muscle is very narrow • Release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine • Effect on the muscle is always excitatory ...
... neuromuscular junction • Synaptic cleft between the motor neuron and the muscle is very narrow • Release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine • Effect on the muscle is always excitatory ...
Nerve sheaths:
... Synaptic transmission (electrical synapse) occur either by: Conduction of nerve impulse from one cell to another (through depolarization) (1) Bidirectional (2)In C.N.C Or transmitted by chemical transmission i.e releasing of neurotransmitter from the axon to the synaptic site (1) Unidirectional ...
... Synaptic transmission (electrical synapse) occur either by: Conduction of nerve impulse from one cell to another (through depolarization) (1) Bidirectional (2)In C.N.C Or transmitted by chemical transmission i.e releasing of neurotransmitter from the axon to the synaptic site (1) Unidirectional ...
refractory period
... from inactivation and K+ channel closing. • Early in the refractory period, most Na+ channels are still in the inactivated state, and so not available. • In the middle of the refractory period, some Na+ channels have become available, but the number of open K+ channels is still greater than at rest. ...
... from inactivation and K+ channel closing. • Early in the refractory period, most Na+ channels are still in the inactivated state, and so not available. • In the middle of the refractory period, some Na+ channels have become available, but the number of open K+ channels is still greater than at rest. ...
Chapter 17
... c. reverberating circuit in which once a presynaptic neuron is stimulated, it will cause the postsynaptic neuron to transmit a series of nerve impulses c. parallel after-discharge circuit in which a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, all of which form synapses with a common pos ...
... c. reverberating circuit in which once a presynaptic neuron is stimulated, it will cause the postsynaptic neuron to transmit a series of nerve impulses c. parallel after-discharge circuit in which a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, all of which form synapses with a common pos ...
NervousSystem2
... structures of its axon called boutons. Depending on its function a single interneuron may have synapses with a few neurons, with hundreds, or with thousands of other neurons. The body and dendrites of a neuron within the CNS are covered with synaptic boutons of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons ...
... structures of its axon called boutons. Depending on its function a single interneuron may have synapses with a few neurons, with hundreds, or with thousands of other neurons. The body and dendrites of a neuron within the CNS are covered with synaptic boutons of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons ...
Chapter 33
... chemically gated potassium channel. When opened, potassium ions leave the cell which increases the negative charge and inhibits the start of an action potential. ...
... chemically gated potassium channel. When opened, potassium ions leave the cell which increases the negative charge and inhibits the start of an action potential. ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.