video slide
... while the concentration of Na+ is greater outside the cell • Sodium-potassium pumps use the energy of ATP to maintain these K+ and Na+ gradients across the plasma membrane ...
... while the concentration of Na+ is greater outside the cell • Sodium-potassium pumps use the energy of ATP to maintain these K+ and Na+ gradients across the plasma membrane ...
Skeletal Reflexes - University of Houston College of Optometry
... normal posture and balance. Makes automatic adjustments in muscle tone. Stimulus is increasing muscle length Activates a sensory neuron that triggers a motor response which is contraction of the stretched muscle. This counteracts the stimulus. Can use stretch reflex to test general condition of the ...
... normal posture and balance. Makes automatic adjustments in muscle tone. Stimulus is increasing muscle length Activates a sensory neuron that triggers a motor response which is contraction of the stretched muscle. This counteracts the stimulus. Can use stretch reflex to test general condition of the ...
Reading Part 5: The Nervous System
... Some cells have direct connections btwn them (gap junctions—like tunnels btwn cells). Ions can flow from one cell to another. Called electrical synapse. ...
... Some cells have direct connections btwn them (gap junctions—like tunnels btwn cells). Ions can flow from one cell to another. Called electrical synapse. ...
Biology 2121 – Lecture Sheet – ANS 1. The autonomic nervous sy
... 16. All sympathetic preganglionic axons release the neuron transmitter _________. The postganglionic axons release _________________ or ____________________. 17. All preganglionic cell bodies of the ANS reside in the _____________ ________ or brain. 18. All sympathetic neuron cell bodies of postgang ...
... 16. All sympathetic preganglionic axons release the neuron transmitter _________. The postganglionic axons release _________________ or ____________________. 17. All preganglionic cell bodies of the ANS reside in the _____________ ________ or brain. 18. All sympathetic neuron cell bodies of postgang ...
spiking neuron models - Assets - Cambridge
... (or soma) of a postsynaptic cell is the synapse. The most common type of synapse in the vertebrate brain is a chemical synapse. At a chemical synapse, the axon terminal comes very close to the postsynaptic neuron, leaving only a tiny gap between pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes, called the synap ...
... (or soma) of a postsynaptic cell is the synapse. The most common type of synapse in the vertebrate brain is a chemical synapse. At a chemical synapse, the axon terminal comes very close to the postsynaptic neuron, leaving only a tiny gap between pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes, called the synap ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... described in detail elsewhere (26). By 2 wk in vitro, these cultures had well-developed fascicles of nerve fibers connecting single or small groups of neurons. They were subsequently cultured for a total of 5-9 wk in vitro because prior studies using this culture system have demonstrated that substa ...
... described in detail elsewhere (26). By 2 wk in vitro, these cultures had well-developed fascicles of nerve fibers connecting single or small groups of neurons. They were subsequently cultured for a total of 5-9 wk in vitro because prior studies using this culture system have demonstrated that substa ...
resting membrane potential
... is impossible to trigger a second one • This is the absolute refractory period, when sodium channels are inactivated and cannot open by depolarization • During undershoot, sodium channels can open again but potassium channels are open, too ...
... is impossible to trigger a second one • This is the absolute refractory period, when sodium channels are inactivated and cannot open by depolarization • During undershoot, sodium channels can open again but potassium channels are open, too ...
Inhibition and Epilepsy
... inhibition; in B, activation of the GABAB receptors following application of baclofen leads to blockade of both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing spontaneous postsynaptic potentials recorded with a K-acetate/QX314-filled electrode from a CA3 pyramidal neuron treated with 4aminopyridine. This effect i ...
... inhibition; in B, activation of the GABAB receptors following application of baclofen leads to blockade of both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing spontaneous postsynaptic potentials recorded with a K-acetate/QX314-filled electrode from a CA3 pyramidal neuron treated with 4aminopyridine. This effect i ...
Chapter 14-Nervous Tissue
... Broke his neck 3 times, suffered same break as Christopher Reeve. Sustained only limited mobility in his neck ...
... Broke his neck 3 times, suffered same break as Christopher Reeve. Sustained only limited mobility in his neck ...
nervous system
... concentration by actively transporting ions against their concentration gradient using ATP. Sodium–potassium pump actually pumps ...
... concentration by actively transporting ions against their concentration gradient using ATP. Sodium–potassium pump actually pumps ...
Ion Channels and Neuronal Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
... expression of the Nav1.8 sodium channel, which is normally present only in spinal sensory neurons and trigeminal neurons (and is not detectable within the normal brain); earlier studies had shown that the expression of Nav1.8 within spinal sensory neurons changes following axonal transection and in ...
... expression of the Nav1.8 sodium channel, which is normally present only in spinal sensory neurons and trigeminal neurons (and is not detectable within the normal brain); earlier studies had shown that the expression of Nav1.8 within spinal sensory neurons changes following axonal transection and in ...
LWW PPT Slide Template Master
... • Key neurotransmitter • Released between motor nerve & skeletal muscle ...
... • Key neurotransmitter • Released between motor nerve & skeletal muscle ...
sense organs
... The all-trans retinol is converted into 11-cis retinol under the influence of isomerase, and finally into 11cis retinal that combines with opsin to form rhodopsin. Vitamin A is present both in the cytoplasm of the rods and in the pigment layer of the retina. Therefore, vitamin A is always available ...
... The all-trans retinol is converted into 11-cis retinol under the influence of isomerase, and finally into 11cis retinal that combines with opsin to form rhodopsin. Vitamin A is present both in the cytoplasm of the rods and in the pigment layer of the retina. Therefore, vitamin A is always available ...
Anatomy of the Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) Division
... sequential two-neuron efferent pathway, where each autonomic ganglion contains the synapse between the preganglionic neuron (the neuron that exits the CNS) and the postganglionic neuron (the neuron that innervates the target organ). The presynaptic sympathetic fibers entering the sympathetic chain m ...
... sequential two-neuron efferent pathway, where each autonomic ganglion contains the synapse between the preganglionic neuron (the neuron that exits the CNS) and the postganglionic neuron (the neuron that innervates the target organ). The presynaptic sympathetic fibers entering the sympathetic chain m ...
A Neuron Play - Web Adventures
... can cause an electrical impulse known as an action potential to travel down the axon of the cell. Some neurons have a fatty covering on the axon called a myelin sheath. This sheath helps the action potential travel faster. An action potential is an all-or-none event. If the difference in charge betw ...
... can cause an electrical impulse known as an action potential to travel down the axon of the cell. Some neurons have a fatty covering on the axon called a myelin sheath. This sheath helps the action potential travel faster. An action potential is an all-or-none event. If the difference in charge betw ...
NEURO-FOR-THE-NOT-SO-NEURO
... • S1,2 (Achilles); L3,4 (Patellar); C5,6 (Biceps); C7,8 (Triceps) • 50% of the elderly (over 75) do NOT have an Achilles reflex ...
... • S1,2 (Achilles); L3,4 (Patellar); C5,6 (Biceps); C7,8 (Triceps) • 50% of the elderly (over 75) do NOT have an Achilles reflex ...
COMMUNICATION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM UNIT THREE
... The neural pathway involved in the reaction time experiment involves a series of neural processes. Catching the ruler begins with the eye watching the ruler in anticipation of it falling. After the ruler is dropped, the eye sends a message to the visual cortex, which perceives that the ruler has fal ...
... The neural pathway involved in the reaction time experiment involves a series of neural processes. Catching the ruler begins with the eye watching the ruler in anticipation of it falling. After the ruler is dropped, the eye sends a message to the visual cortex, which perceives that the ruler has fal ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. The axon is covered by a myelin sheath which acts as an insulated covering and speeds up impulse conduction. The axon ends in short sending branches called terminal branches that send me ...
... conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. The axon is covered by a myelin sheath which acts as an insulated covering and speeds up impulse conduction. The axon ends in short sending branches called terminal branches that send me ...
Vagal Maneuvers
... Vagal Maneuvers Vagal maneuvers are methods used to stimulate baroreceptors located in the internal carotid arteries and the aortic arch. Stimulation of these receptors results in reflex stimulation of the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine slows conduction through the AV node, ...
... Vagal Maneuvers Vagal maneuvers are methods used to stimulate baroreceptors located in the internal carotid arteries and the aortic arch. Stimulation of these receptors results in reflex stimulation of the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine slows conduction through the AV node, ...
Motor Unit
... Motor unit : is an α-Motor Neuron Location of α-Motor Neuron : in the anterior horn cell (AHC) and it is responsible for innervating the skeletal muscle fibers and their contraction. A nerve is made up of a group of neuron axons. The function of nerve cells : is to transmit electrical messag ...
... Motor unit : is an α-Motor Neuron Location of α-Motor Neuron : in the anterior horn cell (AHC) and it is responsible for innervating the skeletal muscle fibers and their contraction. A nerve is made up of a group of neuron axons. The function of nerve cells : is to transmit electrical messag ...
peripheral nervous system
... conducted from one part to another along a chain of neurons. The terminal arborizations of the axon of one neuron ramify in close contact with the cell body or dendrites, less frequently with axonic terminals of many others. These structural and functional areas of contact are termed synapses. Chemi ...
... conducted from one part to another along a chain of neurons. The terminal arborizations of the axon of one neuron ramify in close contact with the cell body or dendrites, less frequently with axonic terminals of many others. These structural and functional areas of contact are termed synapses. Chemi ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.