AXOTOMIZED SPINAL COMMISSURAL INTERNEURONS OF THE ADULT FELINE:
... or CINs) are a class of neuron with axons that project through the ventral commissure to the contralateral spinal cord. My goal was to examine the morphological, molecular, and functional changes that occur to adult feline PCIs following a proximal axotomy. We first determined whether proximally axo ...
... or CINs) are a class of neuron with axons that project through the ventral commissure to the contralateral spinal cord. My goal was to examine the morphological, molecular, and functional changes that occur to adult feline PCIs following a proximal axotomy. We first determined whether proximally axo ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... shown that ␣-synuclein (␣-syn) also accumulates in the brains of patients with AD and interacts with A and tau, forming toxic hetero-oligomers. Although the involvement of ␣-syn has been investigated extensively in Lewy body disease, less is known about the role of this synaptic protein in AD. Here ...
... shown that ␣-synuclein (␣-syn) also accumulates in the brains of patients with AD and interacts with A and tau, forming toxic hetero-oligomers. Although the involvement of ␣-syn has been investigated extensively in Lewy body disease, less is known about the role of this synaptic protein in AD. Here ...
On the structure, distribution, and function of the nerves which
... entirely, and with it have passed away all traces of non-medullated fibres; the medullated fibres of the posterior rootlets between the dura mater and the cord stand out nearly as clear from admixture with foreign elements as those of the anterior rootlets. Again, by means of a series of sections cu ...
... entirely, and with it have passed away all traces of non-medullated fibres; the medullated fibres of the posterior rootlets between the dura mater and the cord stand out nearly as clear from admixture with foreign elements as those of the anterior rootlets. Again, by means of a series of sections cu ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... 2001). It relies on a comparison of the fMRI response to stimuli under two conditions, one in which the attribute of interest remains constant, thus causing adaptation in neurons sensitive to this attribute, and one in which the attribute is varied so as to avoid adaptation. Any reduction in the fMR ...
... 2001). It relies on a comparison of the fMRI response to stimuli under two conditions, one in which the attribute of interest remains constant, thus causing adaptation in neurons sensitive to this attribute, and one in which the attribute is varied so as to avoid adaptation. Any reduction in the fMR ...
A Study of the Effects of Caffeine and Serotonin
... Serotonin is made with a very important part of protein- tryptophan. Serotonin helps in providing healthy sleeping patterns. It also helps boost your mood and is sometimes used as a treatment for depression. Serotonin is said to be linked to feeling better an living longer. Serotonin is not directly ...
... Serotonin is made with a very important part of protein- tryptophan. Serotonin helps in providing healthy sleeping patterns. It also helps boost your mood and is sometimes used as a treatment for depression. Serotonin is said to be linked to feeling better an living longer. Serotonin is not directly ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... of NREM and REM sleep. Recent studies using mainly EEG/ fMRI have successfully characterized the neural correlates of these phasic activities of sleep. These studies refine the description of brain function beyond the stages of sleep and provide new insight into the mechanisms of spontaneous brain a ...
... of NREM and REM sleep. Recent studies using mainly EEG/ fMRI have successfully characterized the neural correlates of these phasic activities of sleep. These studies refine the description of brain function beyond the stages of sleep and provide new insight into the mechanisms of spontaneous brain a ...
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus
... lesioned animals than in control animals, and the maximal gamma power shifted to CA1 with large excitatory currents appearing in stratum radiatum, a layer that receives CA3 projections. Additional support for an entorhinal generator of hippocampal gamma oscillations was provided by CSD studies in pa ...
... lesioned animals than in control animals, and the maximal gamma power shifted to CA1 with large excitatory currents appearing in stratum radiatum, a layer that receives CA3 projections. Additional support for an entorhinal generator of hippocampal gamma oscillations was provided by CSD studies in pa ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
... that a double-layer attractor neural network can account for neural recordings and behavior of rats in a post-decision wagering experiment. In this model a decision-making layer takes the perceptual decision and a separate confidence layer monitors the activity of the decisionmaking layer and makes ...
... that a double-layer attractor neural network can account for neural recordings and behavior of rats in a post-decision wagering experiment. In this model a decision-making layer takes the perceptual decision and a separate confidence layer monitors the activity of the decisionmaking layer and makes ...
$doc.title
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
PDF - Fishell Lab
... vesicle at E11.5 with a complete absence of ventral forebrain structures and the entire telencephalon expresses the dorsal marker Emx1 (Chiang et al., 1996). In mice lacking Shh function, normal expression of Gsh2 at E12.5 was not detected in the forebrain (Fig. 1G). For gain-of-function experiments ...
... vesicle at E11.5 with a complete absence of ventral forebrain structures and the entire telencephalon expresses the dorsal marker Emx1 (Chiang et al., 1996). In mice lacking Shh function, normal expression of Gsh2 at E12.5 was not detected in the forebrain (Fig. 1G). For gain-of-function experiments ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with an undulating motion. Arnold (1976) calls this behavior “vent shuffling”, and it resemble ...
... away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with an undulating motion. Arnold (1976) calls this behavior “vent shuffling”, and it resemble ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the synaptic cleft, and enters postsynaptic neurons. However, these eve ...
... forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the synaptic cleft, and enters postsynaptic neurons. However, these eve ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
... the axonal process is gradually pulled backward, and the corresponding axonal material is transported back to more proximal sections of the axon. In contrast, degeneration involves rapid blebbing, and fragmentation of an entire axonal stretch into short segments, which are then removed by phagocytic ...
... the axonal process is gradually pulled backward, and the corresponding axonal material is transported back to more proximal sections of the axon. In contrast, degeneration involves rapid blebbing, and fragmentation of an entire axonal stretch into short segments, which are then removed by phagocytic ...
The Influence of Retinal Afferents Upon the Development of Layers
... well marked laminar arrangement of cells and fibers. Several layers are distinguishable on the basis of their structure, connections, and function, and these layers can be categorized in a number of different ways. Some of the layers correspond to a segregation of crossed from uncrossed retinal affe ...
... well marked laminar arrangement of cells and fibers. Several layers are distinguishable on the basis of their structure, connections, and function, and these layers can be categorized in a number of different ways. Some of the layers correspond to a segregation of crossed from uncrossed retinal affe ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... combination of morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological properties (Ascoli et al., 2008; DeFelipe et al., 2013). For the purpose of this review, neocortical interneurons can be broadly classified into five categories (Figure 1). The most abundant group consists of interneurons with the ...
... combination of morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological properties (Ascoli et al., 2008; DeFelipe et al., 2013). For the purpose of this review, neocortical interneurons can be broadly classified into five categories (Figure 1). The most abundant group consists of interneurons with the ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... Primary auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortices share common anatomical structures and local circuit architectures. Sensory cortex is generally divided into six layers: L-I–VI (Brodmann 1909). Sensory information reaches the cortex from the thalamus via the thalamocortical axons arising from th ...
... Primary auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortices share common anatomical structures and local circuit architectures. Sensory cortex is generally divided into six layers: L-I–VI (Brodmann 1909). Sensory information reaches the cortex from the thalamus via the thalamocortical axons arising from th ...
JAMA SIDS
... of pacifiers,5-7 in SIDS, in large part due to the lack of understanding of the basic biological mechanisms. We have proposed the triple risk model,8 which suggests that sudden death results when 3 factors impinge on the infant simultaneously: (1) an underlying vulnerability; (2) an exogenous stress ...
... of pacifiers,5-7 in SIDS, in large part due to the lack of understanding of the basic biological mechanisms. We have proposed the triple risk model,8 which suggests that sudden death results when 3 factors impinge on the infant simultaneously: (1) an underlying vulnerability; (2) an exogenous stress ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... 1. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells that form the basis of directed information flow within the nervous system. Morphologically, each neuron consists of two distinct domains. On one end, the somatodendritic domain contains the cell body (soma), multiple dendrites, and a short region o ...
... 1. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells that form the basis of directed information flow within the nervous system. Morphologically, each neuron consists of two distinct domains. On one end, the somatodendritic domain contains the cell body (soma), multiple dendrites, and a short region o ...
Seven principles in the regulation of adult neurogenesis
... conditions of the adult brain, but about how well adult neurogenesis can perform its specific role in functionally relevant plasticity. The term regulation is so elusive, because it encompasses mechanisms from behavioural to molecular, which stand in a hierarchical relationship and form large and com ...
... conditions of the adult brain, but about how well adult neurogenesis can perform its specific role in functionally relevant plasticity. The term regulation is so elusive, because it encompasses mechanisms from behavioural to molecular, which stand in a hierarchical relationship and form large and com ...
Contrast-dependence of surround suppression in
... Fig. 1. Presumptive anatomical substrates for the RF center and surround of V1 neurons, and the recurrent network model. (a) Diagram of the different components of the RF center and surround of a typical V1 neuron: (i) the high-contrast summation RF (sRFhigh; white area inside dashed circle), and (i ...
... Fig. 1. Presumptive anatomical substrates for the RF center and surround of V1 neurons, and the recurrent network model. (a) Diagram of the different components of the RF center and surround of a typical V1 neuron: (i) the high-contrast summation RF (sRFhigh; white area inside dashed circle), and (i ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
Document
... as well through multifunctional spinoreticular tracts and the fasciculus proprius.7 The reticular formation (central core of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain) contains bifurcating axons that project up through the paleospino-reticular-diencephalic pathways to the diencephalon (thalamus and ...
... as well through multifunctional spinoreticular tracts and the fasciculus proprius.7 The reticular formation (central core of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain) contains bifurcating axons that project up through the paleospino-reticular-diencephalic pathways to the diencephalon (thalamus and ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.