article - British Academy
... skulls. These indicate a preponderance of left occipital and right frontal width as well as length asymmetries in hominids as far back as early Homo, and perhaps including the later Australopithecines as well. If we accept that this pattern of brain morphology is associated with predominant right-ha ...
... skulls. These indicate a preponderance of left occipital and right frontal width as well as length asymmetries in hominids as far back as early Homo, and perhaps including the later Australopithecines as well. If we accept that this pattern of brain morphology is associated with predominant right-ha ...
Evolution of the Human Life Cycle - Deep Blue
... Social mammals have three basic stages of postnatal development: infant, juvenile, and adult. Some species also have a brief female postreproductive stage. The human life cycle, however, is best described by five stages: infant, child, juvenile, adolescent, and adult. Women in both traditional and i ...
... Social mammals have three basic stages of postnatal development: infant, juvenile, and adult. Some species also have a brief female postreproductive stage. The human life cycle, however, is best described by five stages: infant, child, juvenile, adolescent, and adult. Women in both traditional and i ...
Social Psychology
... • Any gene that furthers our survival and increases the probability that we will produce offspring is likely to be passed on from generation to generation. • Genes that lower our chances of survival, such as those causing life-threatening diseases, reduce the chances that we will produce offspring a ...
... • Any gene that furthers our survival and increases the probability that we will produce offspring is likely to be passed on from generation to generation. • Genes that lower our chances of survival, such as those causing life-threatening diseases, reduce the chances that we will produce offspring a ...
Chapter 6: Introduction to Operant Conditioning Lecture Overview
... straight A's but who never volunteers in class, has only one friend and, in general, seems to be scared to death of people. Her tea cher is particularly impressed with Cindy’s performance on an arithmetic test and announces to the class that since Cindy got the highest grade, she will lead the pledg ...
... straight A's but who never volunteers in class, has only one friend and, in general, seems to be scared to death of people. Her tea cher is particularly impressed with Cindy’s performance on an arithmetic test and announces to the class that since Cindy got the highest grade, she will lead the pledg ...
Learning
... learning. Pavlov explored the phenomenon we call classical conditioning, in which organisms learn to associate stimuli and thus anticipate events. This laid the foundation for John B. Watson’s behaviorism, which held that psychology should be an objective science that studied only observable beha ...
... learning. Pavlov explored the phenomenon we call classical conditioning, in which organisms learn to associate stimuli and thus anticipate events. This laid the foundation for John B. Watson’s behaviorism, which held that psychology should be an objective science that studied only observable beha ...
Basic Learning Processes - Webcourses
... Reinforcement: The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increase or maintain the strength of that behavior. Relative value theory: Theory of reinforcement that considers reinforcers to be behaviors rather than stimuli and that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to its probabi ...
... Reinforcement: The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increase or maintain the strength of that behavior. Relative value theory: Theory of reinforcement that considers reinforcers to be behaviors rather than stimuli and that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to its probabi ...
Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality
... Human groups maintain a high level of sociality despite a low level of relatedness among group members. This paper reviews the evidence for an empirically identi"able form of prosocial behavior in humans, which we call &&strong reciprocity'', that may in part explain human sociality. A strong recipr ...
... Human groups maintain a high level of sociality despite a low level of relatedness among group members. This paper reviews the evidence for an empirically identi"able form of prosocial behavior in humans, which we call &&strong reciprocity'', that may in part explain human sociality. A strong recipr ...
. Reciprocal Heuristics: A Discussion of the Relationship of the Study
... It IS.assumed throughout the present paper that the capacity to alter behavlO~ as the resu.lt .of experience is part of the adaptive equipment of orgamsms. Thus, It IS assumed that the learning capacities of animals resul.t fr~m an~ are maintained by selective pressures acting on individual species ...
... It IS.assumed throughout the present paper that the capacity to alter behavlO~ as the resu.lt .of experience is part of the adaptive equipment of orgamsms. Thus, It IS assumed that the learning capacities of animals resul.t fr~m an~ are maintained by selective pressures acting on individual species ...
Chapter Excerpt
... areas demonstrated that human behavior could be scientifically studied. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) believed that the physical world behaved according to patterns and natural laws. However, Descartes did not believe the human mind and its processes could be observed or predicted, because the mind doe ...
... areas demonstrated that human behavior could be scientifically studied. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) believed that the physical world behaved according to patterns and natural laws. However, Descartes did not believe the human mind and its processes could be observed or predicted, because the mind doe ...
Genomic signatures of diet-related shifts during human origins
... a dietary strategy that included bulk processing of a significant proportion of high-quality, calorie-rich food items [6,28,36 –38] (figure 1). There is evidence at this time for extraction of marrow and flesh from large mammals using stone tools [39 – 41], although recent evidence argues that this ...
... a dietary strategy that included bulk processing of a significant proportion of high-quality, calorie-rich food items [6,28,36 –38] (figure 1). There is evidence at this time for extraction of marrow and flesh from large mammals using stone tools [39 – 41], although recent evidence argues that this ...
Quiz Learning.tst - TestGen
... E) unconditioned response 20) John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynerʹs classical conditioning experiment on ʺLittle Albertʺ has important implications for understanding human emotions because their conclusions suggest that A) children are by nature afraid of rats. B) many fears may occur as the result of ...
... E) unconditioned response 20) John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynerʹs classical conditioning experiment on ʺLittle Albertʺ has important implications for understanding human emotions because their conclusions suggest that A) children are by nature afraid of rats. B) many fears may occur as the result of ...
here
... behavior when away from the punisher • Can lead to fear, anxiety, and lower selfesteem • Children who are punished physically may learn to use aggression as a means to solve problems. ...
... behavior when away from the punisher • Can lead to fear, anxiety, and lower selfesteem • Children who are punished physically may learn to use aggression as a means to solve problems. ...
The Utilization of Behavior Management in
... natural rates of teacher approval and disapproval in the classroom. The rates of teacher verbal approval dropped markedly after the second grade; in every grade thereafter, the rate of teacher verbal disapproval exceeded the rate of teacher verbal approval. Thomas, Presland, Grant, and Glynn (1978) ...
... natural rates of teacher approval and disapproval in the classroom. The rates of teacher verbal approval dropped markedly after the second grade; in every grade thereafter, the rate of teacher verbal disapproval exceeded the rate of teacher verbal approval. Thomas, Presland, Grant, and Glynn (1978) ...
BA 361 lecture ch8
... Reinforcer does not follow every response A fixed number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs. A varying or random number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs. The first response after a specific period of time has elapsed is reinforced The first response afte ...
... Reinforcer does not follow every response A fixed number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs. A varying or random number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs. The first response after a specific period of time has elapsed is reinforced The first response afte ...
Social and Behavioral Theories - e-Source: Behavioral and Social
... Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and the PRECEDE/PROCEED planning model. Most of these reviews examined individual and small-group interventions and few addressed organizational change, provider behavior or other upstream interventions. These patterns are similar to those in broad reviews of the li ...
... Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and the PRECEDE/PROCEED planning model. Most of these reviews examined individual and small-group interventions and few addressed organizational change, provider behavior or other upstream interventions. These patterns are similar to those in broad reviews of the li ...
ppt on behaviorism and teaching math here.
... • Behavior is objective and observable, where as what goes on in one’s mind can never really be known or measured (the mind is a “black box”)to a behaviorist! • Behavior is the response of an organism to stimuli. ...
... • Behavior is objective and observable, where as what goes on in one’s mind can never really be known or measured (the mind is a “black box”)to a behaviorist! • Behavior is the response of an organism to stimuli. ...
anthropomorphism and morphism
... contrast with the object that has been abandoned to epistemology, neither the human nor the nonhuman can be understood’ (ibid, p. 136). Within the (work-in-progress) IN-Transit project I am developing humanmachine-creatures, this is with the view to challenging the great divide that has been establi ...
... contrast with the object that has been abandoned to epistemology, neither the human nor the nonhuman can be understood’ (ibid, p. 136). Within the (work-in-progress) IN-Transit project I am developing humanmachine-creatures, this is with the view to challenging the great divide that has been establi ...
Behavioral modernity
Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits that distinguishes current Homo sapiens from anatomically modern humans, hominins, and other primates. Although often debated, most scholars agree that modern human behavior can be characterized by abstract thinking, planning depth, symbolic behavior (e.g. art, ornamentation, music), exploitation of large game, blade technology, among others. Underlying these behaviors and technological innovations are cognitive and cultural foundations that have been documented experimentally and ethnographically. Some of these human universal patterns are cumulative cultural adaptation, social norms, language, cooperative breeding, and extensive help and cooperation beyond close kin. These traits have been viewed as largely responsible for the human replacement of Neanderthals in Western Europe, along with the climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum, and the peopling of the rest of the world.Arising from differences in the archaeological record, a debate continues as to whether anatomically modern humans were behaviorally modern as well. There are many theories on the evolution of behavioral modernity. These generally fall into two camps: gradualist and cognitive approaches. The Later Upper Paleolithic Model refers to the idea that modern human behavior arose through cognitive, genetic changes abruptly around 40–50,000 years ago. Other models focus on how modern human behavior may have arisen through gradual steps; the archaeological signatures of such behavior only appearing through demographic or subsistence-based changes.