54 Molli M. Luke1 Mark Alavosius University of Nevada, Reno
... provides a place for environmentally friendly and community-oriented behaviors to be shaped. Creating cities and communities that are “sustainable” has primarily been approached from the technological and architectural perspective. The U.S. Green Building Council (2011), for example, is a non-profit ...
... provides a place for environmentally friendly and community-oriented behaviors to be shaped. Creating cities and communities that are “sustainable” has primarily been approached from the technological and architectural perspective. The U.S. Green Building Council (2011), for example, is a non-profit ...
Learning and Behavioral Approaches to the Treatment of Anorexia
... anxiety, and crying could similarly imply the affective behavior of sadness. Inferring the behavior by indirect observations, of course, would increase the possibility of error. Observed crying, while often signifying sadness, could also imply tears of joy—for example, at a wedding. Thus, a degree o ...
... anxiety, and crying could similarly imply the affective behavior of sadness. Inferring the behavior by indirect observations, of course, would increase the possibility of error. Observed crying, while often signifying sadness, could also imply tears of joy—for example, at a wedding. Thus, a degree o ...
File - General Psychology 20
... conditioning principles to train a subject by rewarding proper behavior and discouraging improper behavior. • The method requires that the subject perform behaviors that at first merely resemble the target behavior; through reinforcement, these behaviors are gradually changed or "shaped" to encourag ...
... conditioning principles to train a subject by rewarding proper behavior and discouraging improper behavior. • The method requires that the subject perform behaviors that at first merely resemble the target behavior; through reinforcement, these behaviors are gradually changed or "shaped" to encourag ...
The Units of Culture
... store of scientific knowledge but always emphasized the holistic and continuous character of the universe. According to Joseph Needham (1978), the primary Western student of Chinese science, the Chinese focused on the harmonious and hierarchical properties of nature. In such a view of the world, na ...
... store of scientific knowledge but always emphasized the holistic and continuous character of the universe. According to Joseph Needham (1978), the primary Western student of Chinese science, the Chinese focused on the harmonious and hierarchical properties of nature. In such a view of the world, na ...
B3-Utilizing-ABA-in - PATH International
... A Human Talent: Responding to Delayed Reinforcers Dogs learn from immediate reinforcement; a treat five minutes after a trick won’t reinforce the trick. Humans have the ability to link a consequence to a behavior even if they aren’t linked sequentially in time. A piece of paper (paycheck) can ...
... A Human Talent: Responding to Delayed Reinforcers Dogs learn from immediate reinforcement; a treat five minutes after a trick won’t reinforce the trick. Humans have the ability to link a consequence to a behavior even if they aren’t linked sequentially in time. A piece of paper (paycheck) can ...
Module - 6 CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
... - they begin to relate the stimulus and response and they generalize the relationship, across situations; whenever the stimulus occurs, there is a similar response. - observable and predictable responses to specific external stimuli are reflective and symbolic of learning having taken place. - thus, ...
... - they begin to relate the stimulus and response and they generalize the relationship, across situations; whenever the stimulus occurs, there is a similar response. - observable and predictable responses to specific external stimuli are reflective and symbolic of learning having taken place. - thus, ...
Behavioral and Other Human Ecologies: Critique, Response and
... simplicity. HBE cannot be located at one point on a simple-to-complex axis, nor has it moved unidirectionally along such a continuum. I would characterize its history as one of mosaic development, seeking just enough complexity as is suited to a particular analysis or development and guarding simpli ...
... simplicity. HBE cannot be located at one point on a simple-to-complex axis, nor has it moved unidirectionally along such a continuum. I would characterize its history as one of mosaic development, seeking just enough complexity as is suited to a particular analysis or development and guarding simpli ...
Epistemological Bias in the Physical and Social Sciences
... Bias toward the Western cultural paradigm is one of the most widespread forms of bias worldwide. Those who abandoned our heritage did so without realizing the implication of this behavior and without any creative critical study of each heritage and culture. The Islamic world, which entered into a bi ...
... Bias toward the Western cultural paradigm is one of the most widespread forms of bias worldwide. Those who abandoned our heritage did so without realizing the implication of this behavior and without any creative critical study of each heritage and culture. The Islamic world, which entered into a bi ...
1 The archaeology of disasters: past and future trends
... detailed and systematic research (cf. Sadler and Grattan, 1999; Chapters 6 and 18). Too often archaeologists and earth scientists have simply assumed that the occurrence of extreme natural events means that they were the prime movers in cultural change without demonstrating that the latter was solel ...
... detailed and systematic research (cf. Sadler and Grattan, 1999; Chapters 6 and 18). Too often archaeologists and earth scientists have simply assumed that the occurrence of extreme natural events means that they were the prime movers in cultural change without demonstrating that the latter was solel ...
skinner box - Educational Psychology Interactive
... (Sealey, Sumpter, Temple, and Foster 2005); and sophisticated data analysis techniques (e.g., Li and Huston 2002). Although there have been organized contests to train a rat to complete a series of complex activities using live animals and an operant chamber (Banister-Marx 1996), maintaining an anim ...
... (Sealey, Sumpter, Temple, and Foster 2005); and sophisticated data analysis techniques (e.g., Li and Huston 2002). Although there have been organized contests to train a rat to complete a series of complex activities using live animals and an operant chamber (Banister-Marx 1996), maintaining an anim ...
Psychology – Dr. Saman – Lecture 2
... Shaping behaviors the use of positive reinforcement in the differential reinforcement of successive approximations is called “shaping” shaping can be used to create a new response pattern in a subject shaping must be done carefully and one must rely on the differential reinforcement of successive ap ...
... Shaping behaviors the use of positive reinforcement in the differential reinforcement of successive approximations is called “shaping” shaping can be used to create a new response pattern in a subject shaping must be done carefully and one must rely on the differential reinforcement of successive ap ...
Operant Conditioning
... presses or pecks to release a food or water reward, and a device that records these responses. • Shaping - procedure in which rewards, such as food, gradually guide an animal’s behavior toward a desired behavior. • Successive approximations - shaping method in which you reward responses that are eve ...
... presses or pecks to release a food or water reward, and a device that records these responses. • Shaping - procedure in which rewards, such as food, gradually guide an animal’s behavior toward a desired behavior. • Successive approximations - shaping method in which you reward responses that are eve ...
Many human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses
... (Gorilla gorilla) and an orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus). Products for four of the proviruses are shown as examples (Figure 2). Eight of the proviruses were detected only in humans (Table 1). The distribution of each of the eight proviruses in genetically diverse humans was assessed by PCR using a set o ...
... (Gorilla gorilla) and an orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus). Products for four of the proviruses are shown as examples (Figure 2). Eight of the proviruses were detected only in humans (Table 1). The distribution of each of the eight proviruses in genetically diverse humans was assessed by PCR using a set o ...
Division of Labor, Economic Specialization and the Evolution of
... and that people tend to learn more often from members of their own group, and less from other groups. This means that relative success within social groups is what matters. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that these processes can give rise to a stable, heritable division of labor even whe ...
... and that people tend to learn more often from members of their own group, and less from other groups. This means that relative success within social groups is what matters. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that these processes can give rise to a stable, heritable division of labor even whe ...
The Process of Learning: Skinner`s Scientific Analysis of
... Response Differentiation. Using this process, it is possible to ‘produce’ extraordinary behavior. The extreme responses when reinforced, the constitution of class of behaviors will change in that direction. The experimenter has to anticipate the response and reinforce it immediately (he or she mus ...
... Response Differentiation. Using this process, it is possible to ‘produce’ extraordinary behavior. The extreme responses when reinforced, the constitution of class of behaviors will change in that direction. The experimenter has to anticipate the response and reinforce it immediately (he or she mus ...
PowerPoint slides into MS Word
... the next level because she is constantly concerned for her safety. Love and belongingness have to wait until she is no longer cringing in fear. Many in our society cry out for law and order because they do not feel safe enough to go for a walk in their neighborhood. Many people, particularly those i ...
... the next level because she is constantly concerned for her safety. Love and belongingness have to wait until she is no longer cringing in fear. Many in our society cry out for law and order because they do not feel safe enough to go for a walk in their neighborhood. Many people, particularly those i ...
Behavioral modernity
Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits that distinguishes current Homo sapiens from anatomically modern humans, hominins, and other primates. Although often debated, most scholars agree that modern human behavior can be characterized by abstract thinking, planning depth, symbolic behavior (e.g. art, ornamentation, music), exploitation of large game, blade technology, among others. Underlying these behaviors and technological innovations are cognitive and cultural foundations that have been documented experimentally and ethnographically. Some of these human universal patterns are cumulative cultural adaptation, social norms, language, cooperative breeding, and extensive help and cooperation beyond close kin. These traits have been viewed as largely responsible for the human replacement of Neanderthals in Western Europe, along with the climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum, and the peopling of the rest of the world.Arising from differences in the archaeological record, a debate continues as to whether anatomically modern humans were behaviorally modern as well. There are many theories on the evolution of behavioral modernity. These generally fall into two camps: gradualist and cognitive approaches. The Later Upper Paleolithic Model refers to the idea that modern human behavior arose through cognitive, genetic changes abruptly around 40–50,000 years ago. Other models focus on how modern human behavior may have arisen through gradual steps; the archaeological signatures of such behavior only appearing through demographic or subsistence-based changes.