A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... Keysers and Gazzola (2014) have proposed a model in which Hebbian learning could account for the emergence of mirror neurons. Whereas there are several brain regions that contain mirror neurons, they illustrate their idea with connections between the premotor cortex (PM), the inferior posterior pari ...
... Keysers and Gazzola (2014) have proposed a model in which Hebbian learning could account for the emergence of mirror neurons. Whereas there are several brain regions that contain mirror neurons, they illustrate their idea with connections between the premotor cortex (PM), the inferior posterior pari ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
MECHANISMS OF INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION
... INCREASES IN SENSITIVITY TO CERTAIN HORMONES • THE EXPOSURE OF A TISSUE TO ONE HORMONE INCREASES ITS SENSITIVITY TO ANOTHER ...
... INCREASES IN SENSITIVITY TO CERTAIN HORMONES • THE EXPOSURE OF A TISSUE TO ONE HORMONE INCREASES ITS SENSITIVITY TO ANOTHER ...
Introduction to the Brain presenter notes
... to the terminal. The terminal makes a connection with the dendrite of neighboring neuron, where it passes on chemical information. The area of connection is called the synapse. While the synapse between a terminal and a dendrite (shown here) is quite typical, other types of synapses exist as well--f ...
... to the terminal. The terminal makes a connection with the dendrite of neighboring neuron, where it passes on chemical information. The area of connection is called the synapse. While the synapse between a terminal and a dendrite (shown here) is quite typical, other types of synapses exist as well--f ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... rapidly activating inwardly rectifying potassium-selective current known to be present in these cells (Kita et al., 1984; Kawaguchi et al., 1989; Uchimura et al., 1989; Jiang and North, 1991; Nisenbaum and Wilson, 1995). When the volume of excitatory input falls below the amount required to maintain ...
... rapidly activating inwardly rectifying potassium-selective current known to be present in these cells (Kita et al., 1984; Kawaguchi et al., 1989; Uchimura et al., 1989; Jiang and North, 1991; Nisenbaum and Wilson, 1995). When the volume of excitatory input falls below the amount required to maintain ...
How Drugs Act
... Antagonists Bind Receptors… • BUT no activation occurs – No conform’l change in receptor, so no pathway response ...
... Antagonists Bind Receptors… • BUT no activation occurs – No conform’l change in receptor, so no pathway response ...
The Brain and Addiction
... terminal makes a connection with the dendrite of neighboring neuron, where it passes on chemical information. The area of connection is called the synapse. While the synapse between a terminal and a dendrite (shown here) is quite typical, other types of synapses exist as well--for example a synapse ...
... terminal makes a connection with the dendrite of neighboring neuron, where it passes on chemical information. The area of connection is called the synapse. While the synapse between a terminal and a dendrite (shown here) is quite typical, other types of synapses exist as well--for example a synapse ...
Synaptic Specificity in Frog Sympathetic Ganglia During
... of the synaptic response resulting from excitation of additional innervating fibers. Synaptic responseselicited by stimulation oflow-threshold preganglionic inputs sometimes excited action potentials, which obscured additional synaptic steps elicited at higher intensities of preganglionic stimulatio ...
... of the synaptic response resulting from excitation of additional innervating fibers. Synaptic responseselicited by stimulation oflow-threshold preganglionic inputs sometimes excited action potentials, which obscured additional synaptic steps elicited at higher intensities of preganglionic stimulatio ...
Translation of an integral membrane protein in distal dendrites of
... Maintenance of synaptic plasticity requires protein translation. Because changes in synaptic strength are regulated at the level of individual synapses, a mechanism is required for newly translated proteins to specifically and persistently modify only a subset of synapses. Evidence suggests this may ...
... Maintenance of synaptic plasticity requires protein translation. Because changes in synaptic strength are regulated at the level of individual synapses, a mechanism is required for newly translated proteins to specifically and persistently modify only a subset of synapses. Evidence suggests this may ...
Read as PDF
... referred to as medial and lateral (Fig. 1A). The medial process innervates the periphery, whereas the lateral process is the primary point of contact with the B8 neurons (Rosen et al. 2000b). If peripherally generated spikes are to propagate from the medial process to the lateral process, impulses m ...
... referred to as medial and lateral (Fig. 1A). The medial process innervates the periphery, whereas the lateral process is the primary point of contact with the B8 neurons (Rosen et al. 2000b). If peripherally generated spikes are to propagate from the medial process to the lateral process, impulses m ...
Probing scale interaction in brain dynamics through synchronization
... description are associated with distinct temporal scales, ranging from milliseconds in the case of neurons to tens of seconds in the case of brain areas. Here, we examine theoretically how these spatial and temporal scales interact in the functioning brain, by considering the coupled behaviour of tw ...
... description are associated with distinct temporal scales, ranging from milliseconds in the case of neurons to tens of seconds in the case of brain areas. Here, we examine theoretically how these spatial and temporal scales interact in the functioning brain, by considering the coupled behaviour of tw ...
... process underlying working memory but its cellular basis remains unknown. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that persistent activity is based on synaptic reverberations in recurrent circuits. The entorhinal cortex in the parahippocampal region is crucially involved in the acquisition, consolida ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... excitatory cells in response to the same input current. When cortical neurons are stimulated in vitro for several seconds, late adaptation acting on a time scale of 1– 4 sec is found both in inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Preliminary data from our lab show that this late adaptation in fact is mo ...
... excitatory cells in response to the same input current. When cortical neurons are stimulated in vitro for several seconds, late adaptation acting on a time scale of 1– 4 sec is found both in inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Preliminary data from our lab show that this late adaptation in fact is mo ...
Chapter 13 - FacultyWeb
... • Are PNS elements that activate effectors by releasing neurotransmitters • Found at neuromuscular junctions Terminals of somatic fibers innervating voluntary muscles forms elaborate neuromuscular junctions with their effector cells As each axon branch reaches its target, a single muscle cell, t ...
... • Are PNS elements that activate effectors by releasing neurotransmitters • Found at neuromuscular junctions Terminals of somatic fibers innervating voluntary muscles forms elaborate neuromuscular junctions with their effector cells As each axon branch reaches its target, a single muscle cell, t ...
AQA Biology: Energy transfers and changes in
... 12b One presynaptic neurone is not enough to overcome threshold value of postsynaptic neurone; but several neurones stimulating the synapse at the same time can ‘add up’ to cause an action potential. 13 Makes postsynaptic neurone less likely to carry an action potential; makes postsynaptic neurone e ...
... 12b One presynaptic neurone is not enough to overcome threshold value of postsynaptic neurone; but several neurones stimulating the synapse at the same time can ‘add up’ to cause an action potential. 13 Makes postsynaptic neurone less likely to carry an action potential; makes postsynaptic neurone e ...
Ch 9 modified
... as cis, medial, or trans according to their relative location within the overall Golgi structure. – Golgi-resident proteins are primarily responsible for modifying proteins undergoing exocytosis. They are retained in the Golgi apparatus by transmembrane Golgi retention sequences. ...
... as cis, medial, or trans according to their relative location within the overall Golgi structure. – Golgi-resident proteins are primarily responsible for modifying proteins undergoing exocytosis. They are retained in the Golgi apparatus by transmembrane Golgi retention sequences. ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... The method common in the cited studies (Hermann et al 1995, Marsalek 1997, Feng 1997, Burkitt 1999, Diesmann 1999), is to present a number of spikes with a known temporal distribution (a pulse packet) as an input to a pulse generating neuron (or neuron pool) and investigating the spike response of t ...
... The method common in the cited studies (Hermann et al 1995, Marsalek 1997, Feng 1997, Burkitt 1999, Diesmann 1999), is to present a number of spikes with a known temporal distribution (a pulse packet) as an input to a pulse generating neuron (or neuron pool) and investigating the spike response of t ...
Biology for Engineers: Cellular and Systems Neurophysiology
... • The Current-Voltage relationship of a cloned Na+ channel – At very negative potentials, the channels are closed – At very positive potentials, the current is small, or positive, because of inactivation and the sodium reversal potential – It would be useful to measure the I-V curve when the sodium ...
... • The Current-Voltage relationship of a cloned Na+ channel – At very negative potentials, the channels are closed – At very positive potentials, the current is small, or positive, because of inactivation and the sodium reversal potential – It would be useful to measure the I-V curve when the sodium ...
Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.