Second cause of hidden hearing loss identified
... them. That is hidden hearing loss, Corfas says. "Exposure to noise is increasing in our society, and children are exposing themselves to high levels of noise very early in life," Corfas says. "It's clear that being exposed to high levels of sound might contribute to increases in hidden hearing loss. ...
... them. That is hidden hearing loss, Corfas says. "Exposure to noise is increasing in our society, and children are exposing themselves to high levels of noise very early in life," Corfas says. "It's clear that being exposed to high levels of sound might contribute to increases in hidden hearing loss. ...
Mechanism of Uptake and Retrograde Axonal Transport of
... THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY • VOLUME 96 JUNE 1983 1538-1547 © The Rockefeller University Press • 0021-9525/83/06/1538/10 $1.00 ...
... THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY • VOLUME 96 JUNE 1983 1538-1547 © The Rockefeller University Press • 0021-9525/83/06/1538/10 $1.00 ...
Neurotransmitters - The Modern Herbalist
... The human nervous system is arguably one of the most complex systems in nature. It is responsible for coordinating thousands of processes, from muscle contraction to crying. The center of the nervous system is the brain, which contains over 100 billion specialized cells called neurons. The nervous s ...
... The human nervous system is arguably one of the most complex systems in nature. It is responsible for coordinating thousands of processes, from muscle contraction to crying. The center of the nervous system is the brain, which contains over 100 billion specialized cells called neurons. The nervous s ...
2 Brain and Classical Neural Networks
... fibre for another signal. There is no major material (ion) transport that produces the signal, just in and out local movements of ions, across the cell membranes, i.e., a small and local depolarization of the cell. Eventually, the nerve signal reaches the attached synaptic knob, at the very end of th ...
... fibre for another signal. There is no major material (ion) transport that produces the signal, just in and out local movements of ions, across the cell membranes, i.e., a small and local depolarization of the cell. Eventually, the nerve signal reaches the attached synaptic knob, at the very end of th ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... passed through three modes. At low inhibitory strength, both pools of excitatory neurons were continuously active (Fig. 3A) because inhibition was too weak to allow one of the pools to suppress the other one. Although both pools of excitatory neurons were active, neither was as active as it would ha ...
... passed through three modes. At low inhibitory strength, both pools of excitatory neurons were continuously active (Fig. 3A) because inhibition was too weak to allow one of the pools to suppress the other one. Although both pools of excitatory neurons were active, neither was as active as it would ha ...
The neuronal structure of the globus pallidus in the rabbit — Nissl
... the cell body is devoid of spines and other protrusions. The clear border between the soma and dendrites of the elongated neurons has often been difficult to define. The neurons in the centre of GP have radiated dendritic trees, whereas the dendritic field of the cells along the borders of GP has an ...
... the cell body is devoid of spines and other protrusions. The clear border between the soma and dendrites of the elongated neurons has often been difficult to define. The neurons in the centre of GP have radiated dendritic trees, whereas the dendritic field of the cells along the borders of GP has an ...
NEUROGENESIS Y PLASTICIDAD DEL HIPOCAMPO ADULTO
... Parallel channeling of information arriving to the dentate gyrus: highly active cohorts of young non-specific GCs and highly input-specific mature GCs ...
... Parallel channeling of information arriving to the dentate gyrus: highly active cohorts of young non-specific GCs and highly input-specific mature GCs ...
Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory
... have been described in various parts of the brain and particularly in brain regions that receive DA innervations. It is now well established that the strength of synaptic transmission can be modified on a long-term basis by specific patterns of activation such as high frequency trains that produce L ...
... have been described in various parts of the brain and particularly in brain regions that receive DA innervations. It is now well established that the strength of synaptic transmission can be modified on a long-term basis by specific patterns of activation such as high frequency trains that produce L ...
Access Slides - Science Signaling
... Requirement of rigid-body motion of transmembrane helices for light activation of rhodopsin. Science ...
... Requirement of rigid-body motion of transmembrane helices for light activation of rhodopsin. Science ...
Chapter 3
... • Small deviations from resting potential of -70mV – hyperpolarization = membrane has become more negative – depolarization = membrane has become more positive • The signals are graded, meaning they vary in amplitude (size), depending on the strength of the stimulus and localized. • Graded potential ...
... • Small deviations from resting potential of -70mV – hyperpolarization = membrane has become more negative – depolarization = membrane has become more positive • The signals are graded, meaning they vary in amplitude (size), depending on the strength of the stimulus and localized. • Graded potential ...
Ch 12
... • Small deviations from resting potential of -70mV – hyperpolarization = membrane has become more negative – depolarization = membrane has become more positive • The signals are graded, meaning they vary in amplitude (size), depending on the strength of the stimulus and localized. • Graded potential ...
... • Small deviations from resting potential of -70mV – hyperpolarization = membrane has become more negative – depolarization = membrane has become more positive • The signals are graded, meaning they vary in amplitude (size), depending on the strength of the stimulus and localized. • Graded potential ...
Slide 1
... appropriate target. This recognition process is thought to involve several cell adhesion molecules including immunoglobulin superfamily members, cadherins and integrins. (B) After initial contact synapses differentiate to form a presynaptic side, which is characterized by the accumulation of synapti ...
... appropriate target. This recognition process is thought to involve several cell adhesion molecules including immunoglobulin superfamily members, cadherins and integrins. (B) After initial contact synapses differentiate to form a presynaptic side, which is characterized by the accumulation of synapti ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... The vertebrate brain controls a great variety of movements through dedicated networks like those controlling eye movements, expression of emotions, respirations and locomotion. These networks are to a large degree conserved through a vertebrate phylum. The neural mechanisms underlying the control of ...
... The vertebrate brain controls a great variety of movements through dedicated networks like those controlling eye movements, expression of emotions, respirations and locomotion. These networks are to a large degree conserved through a vertebrate phylum. The neural mechanisms underlying the control of ...
firing pattern modulation by oscillatory input in
... wave injection current was superimposed upon a steady-state depolarizing o¡set. In six neurons the magnitude of this depolarization was systematically varied resulting in a response progression similar to those described above (see Fig. 4D^F). In Fig. 4D^F the amplitude and frequency of the sine wav ...
... wave injection current was superimposed upon a steady-state depolarizing o¡set. In six neurons the magnitude of this depolarization was systematically varied resulting in a response progression similar to those described above (see Fig. 4D^F). In Fig. 4D^F the amplitude and frequency of the sine wav ...
Autonomic Nervous System I and II
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
Neural Oscillations
... conductance based (HH-style) Type I neurons – Slow inhibition or fast excitation is beneficial for synchronizing neurons – Fast inhibition or slow excitation is beneficial for locking them in anti-phase Izhikevich proved that for one parameter regime the system of identical slow coupled oscillators ...
... conductance based (HH-style) Type I neurons – Slow inhibition or fast excitation is beneficial for synchronizing neurons – Fast inhibition or slow excitation is beneficial for locking them in anti-phase Izhikevich proved that for one parameter regime the system of identical slow coupled oscillators ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... with a somatic stimulation). The increase in responsivity with distance is most easily explained by an increase in spine density that occurs beyond the proximal 50 m of the dendrite (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – ...
... with a somatic stimulation). The increase in responsivity with distance is most easily explained by an increase in spine density that occurs beyond the proximal 50 m of the dendrite (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – ...
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function
... Recent years have witnessed a steep increase in studies on the diverse roles of neuronal cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). The versatility of CCC gene transcription, posttranslational modification, and trafficking are on par with what is known about ion channels. The cell-specific and subcellul ...
... Recent years have witnessed a steep increase in studies on the diverse roles of neuronal cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). The versatility of CCC gene transcription, posttranslational modification, and trafficking are on par with what is known about ion channels. The cell-specific and subcellul ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... The intraneuronal functional maps are not static entities; they are highly dynamic and can undergo either local or global plasticity. All the major well-characterized map systems mentioned above have been demonstrated to undergo either local or global modulations, depending on the kind of activity p ...
... The intraneuronal functional maps are not static entities; they are highly dynamic and can undergo either local or global plasticity. All the major well-characterized map systems mentioned above have been demonstrated to undergo either local or global modulations, depending on the kind of activity p ...
Chapter_28_HB_Nervous_System
... Figure 28.10A Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Figure 28.10A Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
... of networks of inhibitory LIF neurons depends on the time constants of the recurrent synaptic currents. With physiologically reasonable time constants, the population frequency is ⬎100 Hz and can be as high as 300 Hz, whereas single cells fire irregularly and at a much lower rate than the population ...
... of networks of inhibitory LIF neurons depends on the time constants of the recurrent synaptic currents. With physiologically reasonable time constants, the population frequency is ⬎100 Hz and can be as high as 300 Hz, whereas single cells fire irregularly and at a much lower rate than the population ...
Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization
... and instead use ketone bodies as their primary energy substrate (Vannucci, 1994; Nehlig et al., 1988; Nehlig, 2004). Unlike glucose metabolism, ketone body metabolism requires mitochondria (Fukao et al., 2004), suggesting there might be a stronger requirement for mitochondria to fuel synaptic vesicl ...
... and instead use ketone bodies as their primary energy substrate (Vannucci, 1994; Nehlig et al., 1988; Nehlig, 2004). Unlike glucose metabolism, ketone body metabolism requires mitochondria (Fukao et al., 2004), suggesting there might be a stronger requirement for mitochondria to fuel synaptic vesicl ...
Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.