Endocrine and nervous systems
... 22. A person with a diet high in vegetables containing goitrin may gain weight fairly rapidly. A possible explanation for this weight would be A. B. C. D. ...
... 22. A person with a diet high in vegetables containing goitrin may gain weight fairly rapidly. A possible explanation for this weight would be A. B. C. D. ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... action potentials that propagate along neuronal axons (Debanne 2004) and transmit through synapses (Kampa 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns pe ...
... action potentials that propagate along neuronal axons (Debanne 2004) and transmit through synapses (Kampa 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns pe ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... recording sites of some of the trigger neurons. The portions of brainstem including the recording sites were fixed in 10% formalin, sectioned transversely at 100 m, and stained with thionine. The postsynaptic potentials that show a fast rise time are thought to be evoked by direct monosynaptic neur ...
... recording sites of some of the trigger neurons. The portions of brainstem including the recording sites were fixed in 10% formalin, sectioned transversely at 100 m, and stained with thionine. The postsynaptic potentials that show a fast rise time are thought to be evoked by direct monosynaptic neur ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN questions
... White rami communicantes carry myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk. They are the way preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the sympathetic trunk. Gray rami communicantes carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the ...
... White rami communicantes carry myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk. They are the way preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the sympathetic trunk. Gray rami communicantes carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the ...
Impact of correlated inputs to neurons
... At the single neuron level, the existence of “activity bumps” (that is, large fluctuations) in the membrane potential trace indicates the arrival of coordinated inputs within a narrow time window (Okun and Lampl 2008; DeWeese and Zador 2006). In dual in vivo intracellular recordings in rodent barrel ...
... At the single neuron level, the existence of “activity bumps” (that is, large fluctuations) in the membrane potential trace indicates the arrival of coordinated inputs within a narrow time window (Okun and Lampl 2008; DeWeese and Zador 2006). In dual in vivo intracellular recordings in rodent barrel ...
spinal cord - Zanichelli
... Ions channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier, so action potential jumps from one node to the other and travels faster in a saltatory conduction. ...
... Ions channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier, so action potential jumps from one node to the other and travels faster in a saltatory conduction. ...
Lack of response suppression follows repeated ventral tegmental
... firing rate. The increases in firing rate and the time to return to basal firing were not significantly different between exposures. Furthermore, the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A completely prevented the HU210-induced excitation whilst having no effect on its own, thus indicating a CB1-receptor ...
... firing rate. The increases in firing rate and the time to return to basal firing were not significantly different between exposures. Furthermore, the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A completely prevented the HU210-induced excitation whilst having no effect on its own, thus indicating a CB1-receptor ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... type of DA receptors are involved in the change in sensitivity of DA to synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons in striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-se ...
... type of DA receptors are involved in the change in sensitivity of DA to synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons in striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-se ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bia ...
... the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bia ...
Multiple Modes of Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in
... which the dendritic branches were lost in the glomerular neuropil. On occasion, recordings from these smaller dendrites were possible. However, the majority of the recordings were from the main dendritic trunk close to the bifurcation point because this larger compartment was more accessible and rob ...
... which the dendritic branches were lost in the glomerular neuropil. On occasion, recordings from these smaller dendrites were possible. However, the majority of the recordings were from the main dendritic trunk close to the bifurcation point because this larger compartment was more accessible and rob ...
Development of Next-Generation Optical Neural Silencers
... Action potential shape and kinetics in the brain are very cell-type dependent, but some generalizations can be made for all neurons. In its resting state, a neuron has a voltage difference of approximately -60 mV across the cell plasma membrane (Figure 1-1) which is referred to as the resting potent ...
... Action potential shape and kinetics in the brain are very cell-type dependent, but some generalizations can be made for all neurons. In its resting state, a neuron has a voltage difference of approximately -60 mV across the cell plasma membrane (Figure 1-1) which is referred to as the resting potent ...
Dense Core Vesicle Release: Controlling the Where as
... regulation of synaptic activity (Coultrap and Bayer 2012). A postsynaptic role for CaMKII in triggering long-lasting changes in synaptic activity at some synapses has been established, although the relevant downstream targets remain to be defined (Nicoll and Roche 2013). A presynaptic role for CaMKII ...
... regulation of synaptic activity (Coultrap and Bayer 2012). A postsynaptic role for CaMKII in triggering long-lasting changes in synaptic activity at some synapses has been established, although the relevant downstream targets remain to be defined (Nicoll and Roche 2013). A presynaptic role for CaMKII ...
Chapter 2 - IFSC-USP
... during transduction of sensory signals (Unit II). Another type of electrical signal is associated with communication between neurons at synaptic contacts. Activation of these synapses generates synaptic potentials, which allow transmission of information from one neuron to another. An example of suc ...
... during transduction of sensory signals (Unit II). Another type of electrical signal is associated with communication between neurons at synaptic contacts. Activation of these synapses generates synaptic potentials, which allow transmission of information from one neuron to another. An example of suc ...
Document
... neuromuscular junction • To ensure purposeful movement, muscle cell electrical response is turned off by acetylcholinestrase(AchE), which degrade Ach to choline & acetate • About 50% of choline is returned to the presynaptic terminal to be reused for Ach ...
... neuromuscular junction • To ensure purposeful movement, muscle cell electrical response is turned off by acetylcholinestrase(AchE), which degrade Ach to choline & acetate • About 50% of choline is returned to the presynaptic terminal to be reused for Ach ...
Local Anesthetics
... The onset of local anesthesia can be accelerated by the addition of sodium bicarbonate Repeated injections of local anesthetics can result in loss of effectiveness Pregnancy appears to increase susceptibility to local anesthetic toxicity ...
... The onset of local anesthesia can be accelerated by the addition of sodium bicarbonate Repeated injections of local anesthetics can result in loss of effectiveness Pregnancy appears to increase susceptibility to local anesthetic toxicity ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.