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A Definition of Subjective Probability FJ Anscombe
A Definition of Subjective Probability FJ Anscombe

Chapter 7: Short-Run Costs and Output Decisions
Chapter 7: Short-Run Costs and Output Decisions

... Comparing Costs and Revenues to Maximize Profit • The profit-maximizing level of output for all firms is the output level where MR = MC. • In perfect competition, MR = P, therefore, the firm will produce up to the point where the price of its output is just equal to shortrun marginal cost. • The key ...
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... magazines and CDs. The price of a magazine is $4 and the price of a CD is $10. Which of the following correctly illustrates the principle of diminishing marginal utility? The fact that A) the sixth magazine has less marginal utility than the sixth CD. B) Jane’s marginal utility per dollar for the se ...
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The Firm`s Decisions in Perfect Competition
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... Resources are used efficiently when no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off. This situation arises when marginal benefit equals marginal cost. ...
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... • The sugar industry is an example of an increasing-cost industry. As the price increases, sugar production becomes profitable in areas where production costs are higher, and as these areas enter the world market, the quantity of sugar supplied increases. ...
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... to prepare students accordingly. As preparing test - items for a balanced question paper is an art, answering appropriately and precisely is also a skill which we have to equip our children with. Understanding the question and using appropriate terminology. Language for framing answers is very impor ...
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... implies that the Hicksian substitution effect is negative. It follows from eq. (14) that q = 0. Suppose next that g < g~1 < g~ 2 . Since both types are constrained, eq. (14) is consistent with an infinity of possible values of q. Hence, q is indeterminate. However, q=0 is one optimum, and nothing ca ...
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... Suppose we are considering an individual’s (say Anne’s) preferences towards pizza. We could measure how much Total Utility she receives from a given quantity of pizza over a two-week period. In general, we would expect that her total utility increases as she consumes additional pizza, though at some ...
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... 23) Mark loves ice cream. At any point in time, he will buy an additional ice cream cone if A) the marginal benefit from it exceeds the price. B) the marginal benefit from it is zero. C) his willingness to pay is less than the price. D) there is no deadweight loss produced by his purchase of a cone. ...
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Marginalism

Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. The reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water. Thus, while the water has greater total utility, the diamond has greater marginal utility. The theory has been used in order to explain the difference in wages among essential and non-essential services, such as why the wages of an air-conditioner repairman exceed those of a childcare worker.The theory arose in the mid-to-late nineteenth century in response to the normative practice of classical economics and growing socialist debates about social and economic activity. Marginalism was an attempt to raise the discipline of economics to the level of objectivity and universalism so that it would not be beholden to normative critiques. The theory has since come under attack for its inability to account for new empirical data.Although the central concept of marginalism is that of marginal utility, marginalists, following the lead of Alfred Marshall, drew upon the idea of marginal physical productivity in explanation of cost. The neoclassical tradition that emerged from British marginalism abandoned the concept of utility and gave marginal rates of substitution a more fundamental role in analysis. Marginalism is an integral part of mainstream economic theory.
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