The World`s Largest Marine Reserve, Chagos Archipelago
... Dr Ronan Roche, Bangor University, UK Dr Elizabeth Widman, Warwick University, UK Anne Sheppard, University of Warwick Peter Carr, Zoological Society of London,UK David Curnick, University College of London Catherine Head, Oxford University, UK Gary Murphy University of Exeter, UK ...
... Dr Ronan Roche, Bangor University, UK Dr Elizabeth Widman, Warwick University, UK Anne Sheppard, University of Warwick Peter Carr, Zoological Society of London,UK David Curnick, University College of London Catherine Head, Oxford University, UK Gary Murphy University of Exeter, UK ...
Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes
... than 1 s) and M (at 6±8 s), which are conversions from the basement and the Moho, there are some other pronounced intracrustal phases that can be traced across the entire Altiplano and Puna. They are called trans-Andean converters (TRAC) and in Fig. 2 are marked TRAC1 (blue, negative, velocity decre ...
... than 1 s) and M (at 6±8 s), which are conversions from the basement and the Moho, there are some other pronounced intracrustal phases that can be traced across the entire Altiplano and Puna. They are called trans-Andean converters (TRAC) and in Fig. 2 are marked TRAC1 (blue, negative, velocity decre ...
Uncharted Territory (1170L)
... The other approach is to drop sensors that are connected to the ship by long tethers. "A lot of the technology we've been using up to now was deployed with wires from the surface ship," German says. That doesn't lend itself to prolonged, precise searches on the seafloor, he adds. German and others a ...
... The other approach is to drop sensors that are connected to the ship by long tethers. "A lot of the technology we've been using up to now was deployed with wires from the surface ship," German says. That doesn't lend itself to prolonged, precise searches on the seafloor, he adds. German and others a ...
Depth-dependent geometry of margin-parallel strike-slip
... at each plane increases at the same rate as the convergence rate. As shear stress increases and the plane breaks, friction coefficient is reduced on such plane and it is likely to be the place of future rupture. Which of all planes initially breaks depends on several factors, including the temperatu ...
... at each plane increases at the same rate as the convergence rate. As shear stress increases and the plane breaks, friction coefficient is reduced on such plane and it is likely to be the place of future rupture. Which of all planes initially breaks depends on several factors, including the temperatu ...
U4-T2.8-Geology of Newfoundland
... The remains of this mountain range now exists throughout central and western Newfoundland and is the northern most part of the Appalachians in North America. This range, continues through most of the British Isles and into Norway. ...
... The remains of this mountain range now exists throughout central and western Newfoundland and is the northern most part of the Appalachians in North America. This range, continues through most of the British Isles and into Norway. ...
IOC report for SCOR, 2016 Ocean acidification Ocean acidification
... areas of oxygen minimum zones and coastal hypoxia. In the coastal ocean, the number of reported dead zones has increased exponentially since the 1960s with more than 600 systems now. The recent expansion of hypoxia in coastal ecosystems has been primarily attributed to global warming and enhanced ...
... areas of oxygen minimum zones and coastal hypoxia. In the coastal ocean, the number of reported dead zones has increased exponentially since the 1960s with more than 600 systems now. The recent expansion of hypoxia in coastal ecosystems has been primarily attributed to global warming and enhanced ...
Distribution and Feeding Ecology of Bathylagus euryops (Teleostei: Microstomatidae) Along the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge From Iceland to the Azores
... occurs in the epipelagic zone, where seasonal variations are evident (Haedrich, 1997). Light from the surface penetrates to about 1000 m, but there is too little for plant growth below 200 m. The mesopelagic zone encompasses most of the primary thermocline, where conditions become much more stable ...
... occurs in the epipelagic zone, where seasonal variations are evident (Haedrich, 1997). Light from the surface penetrates to about 1000 m, but there is too little for plant growth below 200 m. The mesopelagic zone encompasses most of the primary thermocline, where conditions become much more stable ...
Manned Submersibles, the Efficient Tools for Exploring Deep
... the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more. Little or no light penetrates this part of the ocean and most of the organisms that live there rely for subsistence on falling organic matter produced in the photic zone [ ...
... the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more. Little or no light penetrates this part of the ocean and most of the organisms that live there rely for subsistence on falling organic matter produced in the photic zone [ ...
Introduction to Marine Science
... Gathered physical, geological, chemical, and biological data as they documented temperature, currents, water chemistry, marine organisms, and bottom sediments Some of the many accomplishments of this mission include: First soundings deeper than 4,000 meters Discovered marine organisms in the d ...
... Gathered physical, geological, chemical, and biological data as they documented temperature, currents, water chemistry, marine organisms, and bottom sediments Some of the many accomplishments of this mission include: First soundings deeper than 4,000 meters Discovered marine organisms in the d ...
Stationary Eddies and the Zonal Asymmetry of Net Precipitation and
... Zonal variation in specific humidity and stationary-eddy horizontal advection play a secondary role. The dynamics leading to net precipitation via vertical motion in stationary eddies can be understood from a lowertropospheric vorticity budget. The large-scale variations of vertical motion are prima ...
... Zonal variation in specific humidity and stationary-eddy horizontal advection play a secondary role. The dynamics leading to net precipitation via vertical motion in stationary eddies can be understood from a lowertropospheric vorticity budget. The large-scale variations of vertical motion are prima ...
Oceanic nickel depletion and a methanogen famine before the Great
... in dissolved form, as opposed to particulate material (that is, volcanic ash or clastic sediment). Supporting this are low concentrations of lithophile elements in BIF samples selected for this study (see Methods). Furthermore, the Cr/Ni ratios in Archaean BIF are lower than in Archaean basalts, kom ...
... in dissolved form, as opposed to particulate material (that is, volcanic ash or clastic sediment). Supporting this are low concentrations of lithophile elements in BIF samples selected for this study (see Methods). Furthermore, the Cr/Ni ratios in Archaean BIF are lower than in Archaean basalts, kom ...
Examining the global record of interannual variability in
... chlorophyll (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) to stratification changes produced by climate-driven changes in the upper ocean’s heat content (including Gregg et al. [2005], Behrenfeld et al. [2006], Polovina et al. [2008], Irwin and Oliver [2009], Martinez et al. [2009], Vantrepotte and Melin [2009 ...
... chlorophyll (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) to stratification changes produced by climate-driven changes in the upper ocean’s heat content (including Gregg et al. [2005], Behrenfeld et al. [2006], Polovina et al. [2008], Irwin and Oliver [2009], Martinez et al. [2009], Vantrepotte and Melin [2009 ...
Processes determining the marine alkalinity and calcium carbonate
... are also similar at depth: Figs. 3 and 4 show zonally averaged gridded depth sections of Alk∗ and phosphate. Alk∗ and phosphate concentrations are low in the deep Arctic Ocean (Figs. 3d, and 4d), intermediate in the deep Atlantic Ocean (Figs. 3a and 4a), and high in the deep North Pacific (Figs. 3b ...
... are also similar at depth: Figs. 3 and 4 show zonally averaged gridded depth sections of Alk∗ and phosphate. Alk∗ and phosphate concentrations are low in the deep Arctic Ocean (Figs. 3d, and 4d), intermediate in the deep Atlantic Ocean (Figs. 3a and 4a), and high in the deep North Pacific (Figs. 3b ...
Conservation on the High Seas – drift algae habitat as an open
... to the seabed, along with seagrasses and vegetative debris of terrestrial origin, are well documented as regularly undergoing this transformation into pelagic habitat (e.g. Hirosaki 1960, Kingsford and Choat 1985). However, one genus of brown algae – Sargassum – has taken this role to the next step ...
... to the seabed, along with seagrasses and vegetative debris of terrestrial origin, are well documented as regularly undergoing this transformation into pelagic habitat (e.g. Hirosaki 1960, Kingsford and Choat 1985). However, one genus of brown algae – Sargassum – has taken this role to the next step ...
A, Adam, Relation of mantle conductivity to physical conditions in the
... This zone is the asthenosphere. Chapman and Pollack have connected the depths corresponding to the intersections on the figure representing the thickness of the lithosphere (the depth of the low velocity zone) as a function of the surface heat flow (Figures 2 and 3). This theoretical curve approxima ...
... This zone is the asthenosphere. Chapman and Pollack have connected the depths corresponding to the intersections on the figure representing the thickness of the lithosphere (the depth of the low velocity zone) as a function of the surface heat flow (Figures 2 and 3). This theoretical curve approxima ...
Ocean Challenge Vol. 6 No.1 1995
... were made during the first year of the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition i n 1876-1878. The initiative for this first Norwegian oceanic expedition devoted to marine sciences, came from t w o professors at the University of Kristiania (Oslo) H. Mohn and G.O.Sars. M o h n w h o was professor of mete ...
... were made during the first year of the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition i n 1876-1878. The initiative for this first Norwegian oceanic expedition devoted to marine sciences, came from t w o professors at the University of Kristiania (Oslo) H. Mohn and G.O.Sars. M o h n w h o was professor of mete ...
tectonic boundary quiz
... Matching: match the plate boundary type to the landform that is created at the boundary. ...
... Matching: match the plate boundary type to the landform that is created at the boundary. ...
Marine Geology: Exploring the New Frontiers of the Ocean (The
... Earth itself by volcanic outgassing.The early volcanoes were extremely explosive because Earth’s interior was hotter and the magma contained more abundant volatiles than today. Earth soon acquired a primordial atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and other gases belched from ...
... Earth itself by volcanic outgassing.The early volcanoes were extremely explosive because Earth’s interior was hotter and the magma contained more abundant volatiles than today. Earth soon acquired a primordial atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and other gases belched from ...
Key - Scioly.org
... D: North America Plate E: Eurasian Plate F: South American Plate 9. Sediments derived from pre-existing rock are called ___________ sediments. Answer: lithogenous 10. Particles from space are referred to as __________ sediment. Answer: cosmogenous 11. Mid-ocean ridges are formed where one tectonic p ...
... D: North America Plate E: Eurasian Plate F: South American Plate 9. Sediments derived from pre-existing rock are called ___________ sediments. Answer: lithogenous 10. Particles from space are referred to as __________ sediment. Answer: cosmogenous 11. Mid-ocean ridges are formed where one tectonic p ...
AMS Ocean Studies
... Classification of Marine Sediments by Source • BIOGENOUS SEDIMENT – Biogenous sediment includes the excretions, secretions, and remains of organisms. Examples include shells, fragments of coral, and skeletal parts. – The chemical composition of most biogenous sediments is either calcium carbonate ( ...
... Classification of Marine Sediments by Source • BIOGENOUS SEDIMENT – Biogenous sediment includes the excretions, secretions, and remains of organisms. Examples include shells, fragments of coral, and skeletal parts. – The chemical composition of most biogenous sediments is either calcium carbonate ( ...
Variability and potential predictability
... • These SST anomalies are created by the fluctuations of the subtropical -subpolar gyre boundary driven by small scale WSC anomalies. • The present results do not support an ocean mode that relies on a phase lagged relationship between temperature and salinity in their contributions to the total den ...
... • These SST anomalies are created by the fluctuations of the subtropical -subpolar gyre boundary driven by small scale WSC anomalies. • The present results do not support an ocean mode that relies on a phase lagged relationship between temperature and salinity in their contributions to the total den ...
Tiago João Potencialidades da Incorporação de Correntes Cunha
... fleet. One of the most important factors for this decrease, is related to the continuous difficulty to find fish with quality and quantity, allowing the sector work constantly all year long. However other factors are affecting negatively the fishing sector, in particular the huge maintenance costs o ...
... fleet. One of the most important factors for this decrease, is related to the continuous difficulty to find fish with quality and quantity, allowing the sector work constantly all year long. However other factors are affecting negatively the fishing sector, in particular the huge maintenance costs o ...
Features of Caucasian Segment of the Alpine
... Javakheti, Geghama, Syunik, Kars, and others, are also observed in the region. Volcanics of the calc‐alkaline series (ʺsuprasubduction typeʺ) is of a prime interest. In contrast to the island arcs and active continental margins, Eastanatolian‐Caucasus volcanic belt stretches across th ...
... Javakheti, Geghama, Syunik, Kars, and others, are also observed in the region. Volcanics of the calc‐alkaline series (ʺsuprasubduction typeʺ) is of a prime interest. In contrast to the island arcs and active continental margins, Eastanatolian‐Caucasus volcanic belt stretches across th ...
Lytic viral infection of bacterioplankton in deep
... tive P and Si) were stored in −20 C until measured using global influence (McPhaden et al., 2006). In addition, as part an Auto Analysis III, AA3 instrument (Bran-Luebbe, Gerof the warmest ocean waters (Warm Pool), this area is an many). The monthly average MODIS Chl a concentrations at ideal scenar ...
... tive P and Si) were stored in −20 C until measured using global influence (McPhaden et al., 2006). In addition, as part an Auto Analysis III, AA3 instrument (Bran-Luebbe, Gerof the warmest ocean waters (Warm Pool), this area is an many). The monthly average MODIS Chl a concentrations at ideal scenar ...
Seafloor Spreading and Paleomagnetism
... These studies revealed the existence of an underwater ridge of mountains that completely circled the globe. They also revealed the presence of deep-sea trenches, usually near the margins of continents or island chains around the Pacific, which had a depth of several kilometers (several miles). 2 a) ...
... These studies revealed the existence of an underwater ridge of mountains that completely circled the globe. They also revealed the presence of deep-sea trenches, usually near the margins of continents or island chains around the Pacific, which had a depth of several kilometers (several miles). 2 a) ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.