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The Cold War
The Cold War

... across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are sub ...
Japan at War - Chandler Unified School District
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... • Hitler’s next move was to take over Stalingrad, a major industrial center on the Volga River in the Soviet Union. – In perhaps the most terrible battle of the war, between November 1942 and February 2, 1943, the Soviets launched a counterattack. – German troops were stopped, ...
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... funding for rebuilding was offered to all European nations as long as the money was spent on U.S. goods. The Soviet Union saw the plan as an attempt to interfere in Soviet internal affairs. In 1949, the USSR created the Molotov Plan to aid economic recovery in Eastern Europe. ...
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... -Royal Air Force outnumbered, but fought bravely: “Never before in the course of human history, have so many, owed so much, to so few.” (Winston Churchill) -Churchill elected prime minister of Britain: “We shall never surrender!” (inspirational orator) -Mussolini failed to conquer Greece, so Hitler’ ...
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... naval warships in return for ___________________ ________________ in __________________________ and the _________________________ 5. German Invasion of the Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)  Operation ______________________ - Hitler’s Biggest Mistake (Hitler breaks his treaty with Stalin)  Hitler’s big ...
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... a democracy in occupied Japan. Germany was divided into four zones and occupied by the four Allied powers. Soon the United States, Great Britain, and France united their zones and helped to create a democratic government in what later became known as West Germany. The Soviet Union established a comm ...
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... beaches of Normandy, France, where the first soldiers ashore received overwhelming gunfire. Despite suffering heavy losses, it took the Allies less than a week to get over 500,000 troops ashore. From their established foothold, these forces were able to advance further into France. On August 25, 194 ...
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... a.That he would make Germany a great nation again and regain its lost territory 9. Japan, Germany, and Italy formed an alliance known as the _______________________. a.Axis Powers 10. Hitler claimed he was reuniting all Germanic people in Europe when he took over what areas? a.Rhineland, Austria, Su ...
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... In many ways, Britain and America were natural enemies of the Soviet Union. So it is in fact easy to answer: 'Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?' As soon as the common threats of Hitler and Japan were removed, it was inevitable that the allies would fall out. During the war, ...
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Aftermath of World War II



The aftermath of World War II was the beginning of a new era. It was defined by the decline of the old great powers and the rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (US), creating a bipolar world. Allied during World War II, the US and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in what became known as the Cold War, so called because it never boiled over into open war between the two powers but was focused on espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Eastern Europe fell in the Soviet sphere of influence and was forced to reject the plan. Europe was divided into a US-led Western Bloc and a Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a ""hot"" war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff.As a consequence of the war, the Allies created the United Nations, a new global organization for international cooperation and diplomacy. Members of the United Nations agreed to outlaw wars of aggression in an attempt to avoid a third world war. The devastated great powers of Western Europe formed the European Coal and Steel Community, which later evolved into the European Common Market and ultimately into the current European Union. This effort primarily began as an attempt to avoid another war between Germany and France by economic cooperation and integration, and a common market for important natural resources.The end of the war also increased the rate of decolonization from the great powers with independence being granted India (from the United Kingdom), Indonesia (from the Netherlands), the Philippines (from the US) and a number of Arab nations, primarily from specific rights which had been granted to great powers from League of Nations Mandates in the post World War I-era but often having existed de facto well before this time. Also related to this was Israel gaining independence from its previous status as part of Mandatory Palestine in the years immediately following the war. Independence for the nations of Sub-Saharan Africa came more slowly.The aftermath of World War II also saw the rise of the People's Republic of China, as the Chinese Communists emerged victorious from the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
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