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Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here

... b. Visceral sensory fibers carry impulses from organs within the ventral body cavity. 2. The motor, or efferent, division of the peripheral nervous system carries impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs, which are muscles and glands. a. The somatic nervous system consists of soma ...
reading guide
reading guide

... in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and it is released by the neurons that synapse with muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction. If you look ahead to Chapter 50, Figure 50.29, you will see a synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell, resulting in depolarization of the muscle cell and its cont ...
embj201488977-sup-0010-Suppl
embj201488977-sup-0010-Suppl

... Harkany T (2012) Clusters of secretagogin-expressing neurons in the aged human olfactory tract lack terminal differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109: 6259-6264 Benoit R, Bohlen P, Brazeau P, Ling N, and Guillemin R (1980) Isolation and characterization of rat pancreatic somatostatin. Endocrino ...
Brain Neurotransmitters
Brain Neurotransmitters

... Human Nervous System • The nervous system is made up of several parts. • The Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of the areas encased by bone-- the brain and spinal cord. • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes the rest of the nervous system ("peripheral" referring to the body outside th ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... by the brain. • However, a reflex is controlled by the spinal cord. • A reflex is a rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus. • An example, if you touch a really hot object with your hand. The impulse is sent to the spinal cord immediately. The spinal cord responds by sending impulses to your arm m ...
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Autonomic vs. Somatic Nervous System

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Neurology, Neurons, and EEG
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General classification of peripheral nervous system

... neurons that run between the central nervous system (especially the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata) and various internal organs such as the(heart, lungs, viscera and glands). The contraction of both smooth muscle and cardiac muscle is controlled by motor neurons of the autonomic system. The acti ...
Student Guide Chapter 11
Student Guide Chapter 11

... b. Visceral sensory fibers carry impulses from organs within the ventral body cavity. 2. The motor, or efferent, division of the peripheral nervous system carries impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs, which are muscles and glands. a. The somatic nervous system consists of soma ...
Andrew Rosen - Chapter 3: The Brain and Nervous System Intro
Andrew Rosen - Chapter 3: The Brain and Nervous System Intro

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Unit 3 Neuroscience and Behavior CHAPTER PREVIEW Our

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Ch 15: Autonomic Division of NS

... or prevertebral collateral ganglia C. Neuron #1 releases Ach, usually neuron #2 releases NE (“adrenergic”) D. Prepares for emergency action, excitatory to many organs, inhibitory to others ( digestive for example) “F or F” E. Effects are very widespread and somewhat persistent; (not as slow as endoc ...
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Lecture notes for Chapter 12

... Most dorsal portion of diencephalon; forms roof of third ventricle Pineal gland (body)—extends from posterior border and secretes melatonin ...
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Biosychology_Intro Reading

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Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

... 1. _____________ N.S. – involved in “fight or flight” responses; this branch prepares the body for ____________ activity 2. ______sympathetic N.S. – involved in “rest & ___________” activities; this division is in control the majority of the time B. Involuntary __________ (smooth & cardiac muscle an ...
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Chapter 6
Chapter 6

...  Channels sensory information  pain, taste, temperature, audition, vision  Integrates sensorimotor information  From Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cortex  Regulates function of association cortex and cortically mediated speech, language, and cognitive functions. ...
Nervous Systems
Nervous Systems

...  Sense organs are specialized receptors for detecting environmental cues.  A stimulus is some form of energy – electrical, mechanical, chemical, or radiant.  A sense organ transforms energy from the stimulus into an action potential.  Perception of a sensation is determined by which part of the ...
Workshop #12 - Homeostasis
Workshop #12 - Homeostasis

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Current Opinion in Neurobiology - Sensory systems
Current Opinion in Neurobiology - Sensory systems

... even the primary auditory centres. However, more seems to be conserved than not across sensory systems, even if it is true, as Francis Crick pithily claimed, ‘God is a hacker.’ A large segment of sensory physiology is concerned with causation, where the question is about which stimuli elicit a given ...
INTRODUCTION - Faculty & Staff Webpages
INTRODUCTION - Faculty & Staff Webpages

... Cholinergic Neurons and Receptors • Cholinergic receptors are integral membrane proteins in the postsynaptic plasma membrane. • The two types of cholinergic receptors are nicotinic and muscarinic receptors (Figure 15.6 a , b). – Activation of nicotinic receptors causes excitation of the postsynapti ...
Ch. 3 S. 1
Ch. 3 S. 1

... digestion, and blood pressure. We generally do not have to think about these activities-they occur _________________________ and are essential for keeping us alive. Psychologists are interested in the autonomic system because of its involvement in the experience of _________________. The response of ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... • Axon: single extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body. • The axon branches out at ending to send impulses to many different neurons. Dendrites receive impulses from many other axons. ...
The Nervous System - Ione Community Charter School
The Nervous System - Ione Community Charter School

... • Axon: single extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body. • The axon branches out at ending to send impulses to many different neurons. Dendrites receive impulses from many other axons. ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... • Axon: single extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body. • The axon branches out at ending to send impulses to many different neurons. Dendrites receive impulses from many other axons. ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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