Synaptic pathways and inhibitory gates in the spinal cord dorsal horn
... mozygotic transgenic mice that express EGFP under control of the gad1 gene promoter to identify glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) GABAergic neurons. This results in fluorescent labeling of 30–70% of the GABAergic neurons in the dorsal horn.14–16 Recording from these neurons and stimulating the ...
... mozygotic transgenic mice that express EGFP under control of the gad1 gene promoter to identify glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) GABAergic neurons. This results in fluorescent labeling of 30–70% of the GABAergic neurons in the dorsal horn.14–16 Recording from these neurons and stimulating the ...
The Challenge of Connecting the Dots in the B.R.A.I.N.
... captured spikes. This is because our brains, in contrast to those of invertebrates, appear to be built from large populations of neurons performing the same function, collectively and in a probabilistic way. We, humans, can lose neurons from the age of 20 or earlier without a noticeable effect on co ...
... captured spikes. This is because our brains, in contrast to those of invertebrates, appear to be built from large populations of neurons performing the same function, collectively and in a probabilistic way. We, humans, can lose neurons from the age of 20 or earlier without a noticeable effect on co ...
Internal structure of spinal cord
... activity. Some of the fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract terminate directly on the motor neurons (anterior horn cells) of the spinal cord, particularly those involved in fine motor control of the fingers and hand. Most others act via the interneurons of the anterior horn, which then influence ...
... activity. Some of the fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract terminate directly on the motor neurons (anterior horn cells) of the spinal cord, particularly those involved in fine motor control of the fingers and hand. Most others act via the interneurons of the anterior horn, which then influence ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... in Fig. 2c (more in Supplementary Fig. 1 and for other monkeys in Supplementary Fig. 2). By summing spikes over all neurons within a class, the population spike rates of the two classes for monkey Mk were different particularly around the time that LFP beta power increased (Fig. 2d, and for other mo ...
... in Fig. 2c (more in Supplementary Fig. 1 and for other monkeys in Supplementary Fig. 2). By summing spikes over all neurons within a class, the population spike rates of the two classes for monkey Mk were different particularly around the time that LFP beta power increased (Fig. 2d, and for other mo ...
PERSPECTIVES
... several brain-imaging studies in humans. Using POINT-LIGHT STIMULI, Bonda et al.30 measured cerebral metabolic activity by positron emission tomography (PET) during the observation of biological motion. They found activation of the amygdala and the rostrocaudal part of the right superior temporal su ...
... several brain-imaging studies in humans. Using POINT-LIGHT STIMULI, Bonda et al.30 measured cerebral metabolic activity by positron emission tomography (PET) during the observation of biological motion. They found activation of the amygdala and the rostrocaudal part of the right superior temporal su ...
Mirror Proposal 8-01 - USC - University of Southern California
... association between F5 motor activity and the visual stimuli resulting from this activity, will extract "hand configuration" data concerning the relation of the moving hand to an object that will readily generalize to the movements of others' hands. The model will involve a self-organization process ...
... association between F5 motor activity and the visual stimuli resulting from this activity, will extract "hand configuration" data concerning the relation of the moving hand to an object that will readily generalize to the movements of others' hands. The model will involve a self-organization process ...
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Brain: Sensors of
... the plasma membrane and activating the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, allowing Ca2+ influx to induce exocytosis of insulin. The sulfonylureas used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus also close the KATP channels to stimulate insulin secretion. In heart cells, on the other hand, the decreased cyt ...
... the plasma membrane and activating the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, allowing Ca2+ influx to induce exocytosis of insulin. The sulfonylureas used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus also close the KATP channels to stimulate insulin secretion. In heart cells, on the other hand, the decreased cyt ...
nervous systems
... which extend or reside outside of the brain and spinal cord. Neurons and supporting cells found outside the CNS are called the peripheral nervous system. ...
... which extend or reside outside of the brain and spinal cord. Neurons and supporting cells found outside the CNS are called the peripheral nervous system. ...
E4 - Neurotransmitters and Synapses - IBDPBiology-Dnl
... E.g. this Neuron needs a 2 more “+” than “-” before it can generate an action potential. ...
... E.g. this Neuron needs a 2 more “+” than “-” before it can generate an action potential. ...
Development of the central and peripheral nervous system Central
... o the outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina o the inner layer of the optic cup becomes the neural layer of the retina and differentiates into three layers of neurons (photoreceptors=rods+cones, bipolar neurons, ganglion cells) and layers of neuroglia − the iris, the ci ...
... o the outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina o the inner layer of the optic cup becomes the neural layer of the retina and differentiates into three layers of neurons (photoreceptors=rods+cones, bipolar neurons, ganglion cells) and layers of neuroglia − the iris, the ci ...
somatosensory area i
... signals – Reception and Interpretation – Posterior half – Still higher levels of interpretation ...
... signals – Reception and Interpretation – Posterior half – Still higher levels of interpretation ...
Commentary: Saccadic eye movements
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... Data were analyzed using Spike 2 and custom-designed software. Motor-unit discrimination was accomplished using a template-matching algorithm based on waveform shape and amplitude. An event channel representing the timing of discharges of accepted action potentials for a motor unit was generated. Th ...
... Data were analyzed using Spike 2 and custom-designed software. Motor-unit discrimination was accomplished using a template-matching algorithm based on waveform shape and amplitude. An event channel representing the timing of discharges of accepted action potentials for a motor unit was generated. Th ...
Ramayya, A. G., Zaghloul, K. A., Weidemann, C. T., Baltuch, G. H.
... neurons in the SN demonstrate phasic bursts of activity following unexpected rewards, consistent with a reward prediction error (Zaghloul et al., 2009). Second, microstimulation applied in the SN following rewards alters learning by enhancing the reinforcement of preceding actions (Ramayya et al., 2 ...
... neurons in the SN demonstrate phasic bursts of activity following unexpected rewards, consistent with a reward prediction error (Zaghloul et al., 2009). Second, microstimulation applied in the SN following rewards alters learning by enhancing the reinforcement of preceding actions (Ramayya et al., 2 ...
Text S1.
... high enough level to initiate spikes [8,9], while the rest exhibited only subthreshold fluctuations. Different levels of the standard deviation of Inoise introduced to the self-firing neurons caused different spontaneous activity patterns: the rate of synchronized spontaneous bursting increased as t ...
... high enough level to initiate spikes [8,9], while the rest exhibited only subthreshold fluctuations. Different levels of the standard deviation of Inoise introduced to the self-firing neurons caused different spontaneous activity patterns: the rate of synchronized spontaneous bursting increased as t ...
biological bases of behavior
... (hunger, thirst) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality c. Amygdala and Hippocampus- two arms surrounding the thalamus, important in how we process and perceive memory and emotion ...
... (hunger, thirst) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality c. Amygdala and Hippocampus- two arms surrounding the thalamus, important in how we process and perceive memory and emotion ...
the brainstem control of saccadic eye movements
... The modern era of oculomotor research began with the advent of the chronic single-unit recording method in the late 1960s. Research carried out in the intervening years has made it possible to provide a detailed description of the saccadic command signals that are generated by motor neurons and the ...
... The modern era of oculomotor research began with the advent of the chronic single-unit recording method in the late 1960s. Research carried out in the intervening years has made it possible to provide a detailed description of the saccadic command signals that are generated by motor neurons and the ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... more recent study that systematically investigated the entire workspace, coexisting multiple reference frames were reported, including joint-angle and shoulder-based coordinates as well as extrinsic coordinates (Wu and Hatsopoulos 2006). Other studies have reported that neuronal activities correlate ...
... more recent study that systematically investigated the entire workspace, coexisting multiple reference frames were reported, including joint-angle and shoulder-based coordinates as well as extrinsic coordinates (Wu and Hatsopoulos 2006). Other studies have reported that neuronal activities correlate ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are interesting in themselves, these studies do not necessarily exa ...
... the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are interesting in themselves, these studies do not necessarily exa ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure the time course of a change in subcortical auditory responses evoked ...
... no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure the time course of a change in subcortical auditory responses evoked ...
Battisti_abstractEACD2012
... the sick neonate focused on the development. In the following periods, we have to make the following translation: 1. LNM and the primitive reflexes; 2. LNM and the anatomic findings in the brain. BACKGROUND Although the major neuronal migrations that form the cortical plate occur by the 16th week of ...
... the sick neonate focused on the development. In the following periods, we have to make the following translation: 1. LNM and the primitive reflexes; 2. LNM and the anatomic findings in the brain. BACKGROUND Although the major neuronal migrations that form the cortical plate occur by the 16th week of ...
Open Document - Clinton Community College
... Neural Impulse- Signal sent through neuron Neuron at rest: ◦ Slightly negative charge ◦ Contains ions flowing back and forth ...
... Neural Impulse- Signal sent through neuron Neuron at rest: ◦ Slightly negative charge ◦ Contains ions flowing back and forth ...
Name: Date: Period: _____ Unit 9 Textbook Notes: The Nervous
... 10. Describe the difference between the three types of gated ion channels: stretch-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, and voltage-gated ion channels. 11. Why is an axon potential response considered an “all or nothing phenomenon?” What type of change in membrane potential will cause an a ...
... 10. Describe the difference between the three types of gated ion channels: stretch-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, and voltage-gated ion channels. 11. Why is an axon potential response considered an “all or nothing phenomenon?” What type of change in membrane potential will cause an a ...
