The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... indirect pathway or network suppresses such output. Noteworthy is that the subthalamic nucleus not only receives a (tonic) inhibitory input from the external pallidal segment .(and in this way is disinhibited during striatal activity) but also is projected upon directly by excitatory cortical and th ...
... indirect pathway or network suppresses such output. Noteworthy is that the subthalamic nucleus not only receives a (tonic) inhibitory input from the external pallidal segment .(and in this way is disinhibited during striatal activity) but also is projected upon directly by excitatory cortical and th ...
1. Materials and Methods
... action. This was assessed by playing back the sound of the best action through a loudspeaker, and visually inspecting histograms of the response induced by this sound. Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) ...
... action. This was assessed by playing back the sound of the best action through a loudspeaker, and visually inspecting histograms of the response induced by this sound. Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... that acts on bones and other structures. Intrafusal fibers also produce force, but they are much smaller than extrafusal fibers and the level of force that they produce is negligible in comparison. Instead, intrafusal fibers play a sensory role. They contain muscle spindles which, innervated by musc ...
... that acts on bones and other structures. Intrafusal fibers also produce force, but they are much smaller than extrafusal fibers and the level of force that they produce is negligible in comparison. Instead, intrafusal fibers play a sensory role. They contain muscle spindles which, innervated by musc ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... cells (the second-order neurons) located in the interstitial portion of the solitary tract nucleus. This finding indicates that the excitatory drive from central chemoreceptors (RTN) to the CPG can be downregulated by inputs from lung mechanoreceptors. This process may be viewed as a negative feedba ...
... cells (the second-order neurons) located in the interstitial portion of the solitary tract nucleus. This finding indicates that the excitatory drive from central chemoreceptors (RTN) to the CPG can be downregulated by inputs from lung mechanoreceptors. This process may be viewed as a negative feedba ...
Document
... Action potentials, often referred to as neural spikes, result from an active process which generates a traveling electrical impulse. The process is often termed an “all or none” process, meaning that if the membrane potential crosses some threshold, there will be an action potential. For potentials ...
... Action potentials, often referred to as neural spikes, result from an active process which generates a traveling electrical impulse. The process is often termed an “all or none” process, meaning that if the membrane potential crosses some threshold, there will be an action potential. For potentials ...
The Nervous System
... • The nervous system’s main role is controlling and communicating. This system is where all mental activity takes place. • It works with the endocrine system in order to regulate and keep homeostasis. • Often referred to as the body’s control center. ...
... • The nervous system’s main role is controlling and communicating. This system is where all mental activity takes place. • It works with the endocrine system in order to regulate and keep homeostasis. • Often referred to as the body’s control center. ...
Neurons & the Nervous System
... • Resting potential: electric potential when neuron not firing (-70 millivolts) • Depolarization: neuron reduces resting potential by becoming positively charged ...
... • Resting potential: electric potential when neuron not firing (-70 millivolts) • Depolarization: neuron reduces resting potential by becoming positively charged ...
Symposium Poster - uospur
... project to a single glomerulus, where they synapse with mitral and tufted cells, which project axons to the cortex. • The glomeruli are arranged spatially in a stereotyped manner, forming identical maps in the left and right olfactory bulbs. Thus, each type of glomerulus is present on the two sides. ...
... project to a single glomerulus, where they synapse with mitral and tufted cells, which project axons to the cortex. • The glomeruli are arranged spatially in a stereotyped manner, forming identical maps in the left and right olfactory bulbs. Thus, each type of glomerulus is present on the two sides. ...
3 - smw15.org
... Contains the prefrontal cortex and the precentral gyrus Precentral gyrus Is ...
... Contains the prefrontal cortex and the precentral gyrus Precentral gyrus Is ...
Diverse Origins of Network Rhythms in Local Cortical Circuits
... cerebellum. It is also observable in subcortical structures such as the inferior olive, thalamic nucleus reticularis, striatum, and even the spinal cord. It has been argued that observation of brain rhythms is epiphenomenal—that methods for measuring electrical activity in populations of neurons req ...
... cerebellum. It is also observable in subcortical structures such as the inferior olive, thalamic nucleus reticularis, striatum, and even the spinal cord. It has been argued that observation of brain rhythms is epiphenomenal—that methods for measuring electrical activity in populations of neurons req ...
A Gaussian Approach to Neural Nets with Multiple Memory Domains
... netlet that are active at time t n . We denote with the fraction of external active fibres, i.e. those carrying action potential at a particular instant. It has been shown in the past that such a netlet may exhibit sustained steady-state activity even if it is isolated. This activity is sometim ...
... netlet that are active at time t n . We denote with the fraction of external active fibres, i.e. those carrying action potential at a particular instant. It has been shown in the past that such a netlet may exhibit sustained steady-state activity even if it is isolated. This activity is sometim ...
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Low-frequency theta (4-7 Hz) has been recorded in human hippocampus during sleep as short (1 sec) bursts not correlated with rapid eye movements. It was not seen in basal temporal lobe or frontal cortex in REM. The generation of theta rhythm begins in brain stem in region just dorsal to LC called th ...
... Low-frequency theta (4-7 Hz) has been recorded in human hippocampus during sleep as short (1 sec) bursts not correlated with rapid eye movements. It was not seen in basal temporal lobe or frontal cortex in REM. The generation of theta rhythm begins in brain stem in region just dorsal to LC called th ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... neurons or target cells at synapses. In a chemical synapse chemicals from a presynaptic cell induce changes in a postsynaptic cell. In an electrical synapse the action potential spreads directly to the postsynaptic cell. ...
... neurons or target cells at synapses. In a chemical synapse chemicals from a presynaptic cell induce changes in a postsynaptic cell. In an electrical synapse the action potential spreads directly to the postsynaptic cell. ...
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex
... the computer monitor and the room is dark, the monkey must use working memory to perform the task. Thus the oculomotor paradigm offers an unprecedented degree of experimental control. Funahashi et al. found that many neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including and surrounding the princip ...
... the computer monitor and the room is dark, the monkey must use working memory to perform the task. Thus the oculomotor paradigm offers an unprecedented degree of experimental control. Funahashi et al. found that many neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including and surrounding the princip ...
MOTOR NEURON DISEASE
... Autonomic dysfunction Absence of fever at onset Laboratory features supportive of diagnosis Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein with normal cells count Elcctrodiagnostic features of nerve conduction slowing or block ...
... Autonomic dysfunction Absence of fever at onset Laboratory features supportive of diagnosis Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein with normal cells count Elcctrodiagnostic features of nerve conduction slowing or block ...
Intracellular study of rat substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in
... block Ca conductance s. Bicuculline methiodine was dissolved in the superfusion medium with a concentration ranging from 50 to 100k~M to block GABAergic responses. RESULTS Intracellular recordings were obtained from 40 SNR neurons which had resting membrane potentials of more than 50 mV and generate ...
... block Ca conductance s. Bicuculline methiodine was dissolved in the superfusion medium with a concentration ranging from 50 to 100k~M to block GABAergic responses. RESULTS Intracellular recordings were obtained from 40 SNR neurons which had resting membrane potentials of more than 50 mV and generate ...
The Cerebrum
... • Somatic Sensory Association Area » Receives and interprets information from skin, musculoskeletal system, vicera (organs), and taste buds » Works with primary sensory cortex ...
... • Somatic Sensory Association Area » Receives and interprets information from skin, musculoskeletal system, vicera (organs), and taste buds » Works with primary sensory cortex ...
the search for principles of neuronal organization
... moment that the studies of the ways ensembles of neurones develop will produce general rules (see chapters by Bastiani and Levine). It seems illogical to me to have more doubts about the physiological results, but a prevalent disillusionment with this whole area does exist; many of the studies are n ...
... moment that the studies of the ways ensembles of neurones develop will produce general rules (see chapters by Bastiani and Levine). It seems illogical to me to have more doubts about the physiological results, but a prevalent disillusionment with this whole area does exist; many of the studies are n ...
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex
... the computer monitor and the room is dark, the monkey must use working memory to perform the task. Thus the oculomotor paradigm offers an unprecedented degree of experimental control. Funahashi et al. found that many neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including and surrounding the princip ...
... the computer monitor and the room is dark, the monkey must use working memory to perform the task. Thus the oculomotor paradigm offers an unprecedented degree of experimental control. Funahashi et al. found that many neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including and surrounding the princip ...
Conversion of Mouse and Human Fibroblasts into Functional Spinal
... and thus form bona fide motor neurons via a route distinct from embryonic development. Our findings demonstrate that fibroblasts can be converted directly into a specific differentiated and functional neural subtype, the spinal motor neuron. ...
... and thus form bona fide motor neurons via a route distinct from embryonic development. Our findings demonstrate that fibroblasts can be converted directly into a specific differentiated and functional neural subtype, the spinal motor neuron. ...
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
... neurons form a system for matching observation and execution of motor actions. We discuss the possible role of this system in action recognition and, given the proposed homology between F5 and human Brocca 's region, we posit that a matching system, similar to that of mirror neurons exists in humans ...
... neurons form a system for matching observation and execution of motor actions. We discuss the possible role of this system in action recognition and, given the proposed homology between F5 and human Brocca 's region, we posit that a matching system, similar to that of mirror neurons exists in humans ...