Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... and 6.0 kHz. Single-unit activity was isolated using a two-window, time–voltage discriminator (Model DDIS-1, Bak Electronics). Neural events that passed through both windows were classified as originating from a single neuron. The amplitudes of the single units typically match and often exceed three ...
... and 6.0 kHz. Single-unit activity was isolated using a two-window, time–voltage discriminator (Model DDIS-1, Bak Electronics). Neural events that passed through both windows were classified as originating from a single neuron. The amplitudes of the single units typically match and often exceed three ...
Chunking of Action Sequences in the Cortex
... The motor commands are all issued through the motor cortex model. The difference between the four directional commands and the fifth command in our model can be seen by looking at how the commands are passed to the cortex model. The command is given as a control signal, telling the cortex model where ...
... The motor commands are all issued through the motor cortex model. The difference between the four directional commands and the fifth command in our model can be seen by looking at how the commands are passed to the cortex model. The command is given as a control signal, telling the cortex model where ...
Activity 1 - Web Adventures
... electrochemical process called neurotransmission. A key component in this process is the neuron, a nerve cell that is specialized to transmit and receive information. A typical neuron has a cell body that contains the nucleus and other cell organelles. Extending from the cell body are projections ca ...
... electrochemical process called neurotransmission. A key component in this process is the neuron, a nerve cell that is specialized to transmit and receive information. A typical neuron has a cell body that contains the nucleus and other cell organelles. Extending from the cell body are projections ca ...
AHD The Telencephalon R. Altman 4-03
... – Thalamocortical/corticothalamic fibers (collectively called the anterior thalamic radiations) that interconnect the dorsomedial and anterior thalamic nuclei with areas of the frontal lobe and the cingulate gyrus. – Frontopontine fibers, especially those from the prefrontal areas. ...
... – Thalamocortical/corticothalamic fibers (collectively called the anterior thalamic radiations) that interconnect the dorsomedial and anterior thalamic nuclei with areas of the frontal lobe and the cingulate gyrus. – Frontopontine fibers, especially those from the prefrontal areas. ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... discernible effect on the number, distribution, or staining intensity of ChAT-positive neurons. The findings obtained in the five areas examined in detail are as follows. Caudate putamen. Here, the histochemical stain for AChE showed complete overlap with the immunofluorescence label for ChAT (Fig. ...
... discernible effect on the number, distribution, or staining intensity of ChAT-positive neurons. The findings obtained in the five areas examined in detail are as follows. Caudate putamen. Here, the histochemical stain for AChE showed complete overlap with the immunofluorescence label for ChAT (Fig. ...
Robo1 Regulates the Migration and Laminar Distribution of Upper
... Indeed, an increasing number of genes have been identified that control the early phase of radial migration (Caviness and Rakic 1978; Gupta et al. 2002; Nadarajah and Parnavelas 2002; Tsai and Gleeson 2005; Cooper 2008; Huang 2009; Honda et al. 2011). In contrast, much less is known about how the ter ...
... Indeed, an increasing number of genes have been identified that control the early phase of radial migration (Caviness and Rakic 1978; Gupta et al. 2002; Nadarajah and Parnavelas 2002; Tsai and Gleeson 2005; Cooper 2008; Huang 2009; Honda et al. 2011). In contrast, much less is known about how the ter ...
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. http://fhs122.org
... of contact. In the back of the neck this distance is 36.2 mm. The superficial sensations are carried from the exteroreceptors located in the skin or just under the skin. The discriminative (fine) touch defines the type, intensity, localization of the touched site. The crude touch is a light touch on ...
... of contact. In the back of the neck this distance is 36.2 mm. The superficial sensations are carried from the exteroreceptors located in the skin or just under the skin. The discriminative (fine) touch defines the type, intensity, localization of the touched site. The crude touch is a light touch on ...
the brain as a system of aggregation of social, behavioral and
... shortcomings for society at the same time. They are bound up with existence a bulk of individuals, which neuronal nets matures in the framework of inadequate dogmas of thinking, inadequate maps of the world. The neuron nets responsible for the conscious are not determined fully till the end of clima ...
... shortcomings for society at the same time. They are bound up with existence a bulk of individuals, which neuronal nets matures in the framework of inadequate dogmas of thinking, inadequate maps of the world. The neuron nets responsible for the conscious are not determined fully till the end of clima ...
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense
... the subjects did not intend to move their arms, 2) the vibrated arm was not actually moving, and 3) there were no electromyogram activities from the triceps muscles that are agonistic muscles for the illusory movements. We further tested by PET if the contralateral motor areas active during kinesthe ...
... the subjects did not intend to move their arms, 2) the vibrated arm was not actually moving, and 3) there were no electromyogram activities from the triceps muscles that are agonistic muscles for the illusory movements. We further tested by PET if the contralateral motor areas active during kinesthe ...
Vocal communication in frogs
... call only at night. There is no evidence that visual cues are used underwater; instead frogs rely entirely on acoustic signaling (perhaps aided by their lateral line sensory system) and the vocal repertoire can be particularly rich. In the most intensively studied species, X. laevis, males produce s ...
... call only at night. There is no evidence that visual cues are used underwater; instead frogs rely entirely on acoustic signaling (perhaps aided by their lateral line sensory system) and the vocal repertoire can be particularly rich. In the most intensively studied species, X. laevis, males produce s ...
STDP produces robust oscillatory architectures that exhibit precise
... For potentiation, the learning rate value λ is 0.3, and the window τ is 20 ms. For depression, the learning rate value λ is 0.3105 and the window τ is 10 ms. F. Evolution of oscillatory nodes Although groups of neurons firing together rhythmically can occur because of intrinsic firing patterns of ex ...
... For potentiation, the learning rate value λ is 0.3, and the window τ is 20 ms. For depression, the learning rate value λ is 0.3105 and the window τ is 10 ms. F. Evolution of oscillatory nodes Although groups of neurons firing together rhythmically can occur because of intrinsic firing patterns of ex ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... ABSTRACT: The central complex is an important center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neurona ...
... ABSTRACT: The central complex is an important center for higher-order brain function in insects. It is an intricate neuropil composed of four substructures. Each substructure contains repeated neuronal elements which are connected by processes such that topography is maintained. Although the neurona ...
04/20 PPT
... 1. Establishment of several inputs results in refractory of muscle (extrasynaptic) surface to further innervation 2. Within 2 postnatal weeks, all but one motor axon remains 3. Competition of postsynaptic territory occurs at the endplate among several terminals. Synapse becomes weakened as it looses ...
... 1. Establishment of several inputs results in refractory of muscle (extrasynaptic) surface to further innervation 2. Within 2 postnatal weeks, all but one motor axon remains 3. Competition of postsynaptic territory occurs at the endplate among several terminals. Synapse becomes weakened as it looses ...
Alcohol and error processing
... cortex. A computational model of response selection in the task used by Ridderinkhof and colleagues demonstrates how the ERN can be explained in terms of this theory (Yeung et al., unpublished). In the model (Fig. 1b), conflict is calculated as the product of the activation levels of the competing m ...
... cortex. A computational model of response selection in the task used by Ridderinkhof and colleagues demonstrates how the ERN can be explained in terms of this theory (Yeung et al., unpublished). In the model (Fig. 1b), conflict is calculated as the product of the activation levels of the competing m ...
MR of Neuronal Migration Anomalies
... adjacent gyri are abnormal (small arrow). Ectopic gray matter lines frontal horn (large arrow). This patient was 17 years old when scanned, presenting with mild developmental delay and seizures. ...
... adjacent gyri are abnormal (small arrow). Ectopic gray matter lines frontal horn (large arrow). This patient was 17 years old when scanned, presenting with mild developmental delay and seizures. ...
a real-time spike domain sensory information processing system
... both worlds” solution, as it combines the speed of dedicated hardware with the programmability of software. The goal of our current research is to implement a biologically-plausible hierarchical model of visual information processing [16] entirely contained within the IFAT. The data described here i ...
... both worlds” solution, as it combines the speed of dedicated hardware with the programmability of software. The goal of our current research is to implement a biologically-plausible hierarchical model of visual information processing [16] entirely contained within the IFAT. The data described here i ...
Science - Princeton University
... "posterior-pulvinar system" of the cat (6). These findings, and the facts that inferotemporal cortex receives afferents from both prestriate cortex and the pulvinar ( 4 ) , strongly suggest that this tissue receives and processes visual information from both the ipsilateral and the contralateral occ ...
... "posterior-pulvinar system" of the cat (6). These findings, and the facts that inferotemporal cortex receives afferents from both prestriate cortex and the pulvinar ( 4 ) , strongly suggest that this tissue receives and processes visual information from both the ipsilateral and the contralateral occ ...
Relative sparing of primary auditory cortex in Williams Syndrome
... the microanatomic research in this laboratory has been to compare the histometric features between the dorsal and the ventral regions of the cerebral cortex. Our previous study of primary visual cortex showed histometric abnormalities affecting cortex underlying peripheral visual fields; these abnor ...
... the microanatomic research in this laboratory has been to compare the histometric features between the dorsal and the ventral regions of the cerebral cortex. Our previous study of primary visual cortex showed histometric abnormalities affecting cortex underlying peripheral visual fields; these abnor ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area under investigation. This areaʼs task-related influence on M1 ...
... of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area under investigation. This areaʼs task-related influence on M1 ...
Relative sparing of primary auditory cortex in Williams Syndrome
... the microanatomic research in this laboratory has been to compare the histometric features between the dorsal and the ventral regions of the cerebral cortex. Our previous study of primary visual cortex showed histometric abnormalities affecting cortex underlying peripheral visual fields; these abnor ...
... the microanatomic research in this laboratory has been to compare the histometric features between the dorsal and the ventral regions of the cerebral cortex. Our previous study of primary visual cortex showed histometric abnormalities affecting cortex underlying peripheral visual fields; these abnor ...
Increased leak conductance alters ISI variability.
... Interspike Interval Variability Inter-spike Interval Variability of neuronal spike train – important indicator of the type of processing a neuron performs on its synaptic inputs Simplest measure – Coefficient of Variability ...
... Interspike Interval Variability Inter-spike Interval Variability of neuronal spike train – important indicator of the type of processing a neuron performs on its synaptic inputs Simplest measure – Coefficient of Variability ...
Optimal Neural Spike Classification
... the overlap of classes 1 and 2, which was detected. We used the second scheme also on the same portion and it gave similar results as those of the first scheme (only one of the spikes is classified differently). Overall, the discrepancies between classifications done by the proposed method and an ex ...
... the overlap of classes 1 and 2, which was detected. We used the second scheme also on the same portion and it gave similar results as those of the first scheme (only one of the spikes is classified differently). Overall, the discrepancies between classifications done by the proposed method and an ex ...
Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following
... The importance of neurons in the pontine respiratory group for the generation of cough, expiration, and aspiration reflexes was studied on non-decerebrate spontaneously breathing cats under pentobarbitone anesthesia. The dysfunction of neurons in the pontine respiratory group produced by bilateral m ...
... The importance of neurons in the pontine respiratory group for the generation of cough, expiration, and aspiration reflexes was studied on non-decerebrate spontaneously breathing cats under pentobarbitone anesthesia. The dysfunction of neurons in the pontine respiratory group produced by bilateral m ...
The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes
... acoustic organization ◦ Belt area: A region of cortex, directly adjacent to A1, with inputs from A1, where neurons respond to more complex characteristics of sounds ◦ Parabelt area: A region of cortex, lateral and adjacent to the belt area, where neurons respond to more complex characteristics of so ...
... acoustic organization ◦ Belt area: A region of cortex, directly adjacent to A1, with inputs from A1, where neurons respond to more complex characteristics of sounds ◦ Parabelt area: A region of cortex, lateral and adjacent to the belt area, where neurons respond to more complex characteristics of so ...
VI. The vertebrate nervous system is a hierarchy of structural and
... • The undershoot phase is a time when the membrane potential is temporarily more negative than the resting state (hyperpolarized); sodium channels remain closed but potassium channels remain open since the inactivation gates have not had time to respond to repolarization of the membrane. A refractor ...
... • The undershoot phase is a time when the membrane potential is temporarily more negative than the resting state (hyperpolarized); sodium channels remain closed but potassium channels remain open since the inactivation gates have not had time to respond to repolarization of the membrane. A refractor ...