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Spinal Nerves Posterior View
Spinal Nerves Posterior View

... 4. SACRAL PLEXUS are spinal nerves from L4-S5 • Some of the fibers from the lumbar plexus mix with the sacral plexus, so these are often referred to together as the lumbosacral plexus. • SCIATIC NERVE is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and the largest nerve in the body; it leaves the pelvis ...
Eagleman Ch 8. Attention and Consciousness
Eagleman Ch 8. Attention and Consciousness

... If the cue correctly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time benefit.  If the cue incorrectly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time cost.  Top-down mechanisms focus voluntary (endogenous) attention.  Bottom-up mechanisms focus involuntary (exogenous) attention. ...
face-specific responses from the human inferior occipito
face-specific responses from the human inferior occipito

... findings suggest that even non-face stimuli can activate the face neurons, although less intensively. However, recent subdural recordings3 imply that the inferior occipital cortex contains areas which are very specific to faces and that other stimulus types may elicit responses at the same latency, ...
LECTURE OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
LECTURE OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

... 4) .The functional unit of the Nervous System is the neuron. Neuron is the term given to the nerve cell and all its processes. It is formed of :  A) cell body has nucleus  B) two types of processes, called an axon and dendrites.  1) the axon is, single, the longest process of the cell body ,carr ...
Renin-Angiotensin System: I
Renin-Angiotensin System: I

... The AT2 receptors are more plentiful in the fetus and neonate, where they may be assisting in maintaining a rather low vascular resistance. However, they apparently persist in the brain and other organs of adult animals. The AT1A subtype is found in blood vessel walls, in the brain, and in several o ...
Muscle - ISpatula
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... The role of calcium and regulatory proteins Figure50.30page1153 *Each microfibril is surrounded by a sarcoplasmic reticulum * When action potential arrives to the synaptic terminals of a motor neuron, the acytelcholin (neurotransmitter) is released, and then it binds to the ligand gated ion channel ...
HEAD/NECK: Cranial Nerves
HEAD/NECK: Cranial Nerves

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Behavioral dopamine signals
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Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

... • Nerve fibers: Both divisions have pre- & postganglionic fibers. - Preganglionic neuron is myelinated. - Postganglionic neuron is unmyelinated. (In contrast to the large diameter and rapidly conducting α -motor neurons, preganglionic axons are small-diameter, myelinated, relatively slowly conductin ...
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... in accordance with our previous studies showing that microvillous ORNs project to the lateral olfactory tract, which mediates feeding behavior, and that ciliated ORNs project to the medial bundle of the medial olfactory tract mediating alarm reaction (Hamdani et al., 2001; Hamdani and Døving, 2002). ...
NeuroExam_Ross_Jim_v1 - Somatic Systems Institute
NeuroExam_Ross_Jim_v1 - Somatic Systems Institute

... the neuron. Each neuron has a cell body, numerous dendrites - branching processes that carry incoming nerve impulses from sense organs and other neurons toward the cell body - and a single axon, which may also branch, which carries outgoing messages to other neurons, glands and muscles. Many axons a ...
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PDF

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biological bases of behavior
biological bases of behavior

... 1. Neurons are surrounded by a membrane. 2. Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes. 3. Neurons contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other "organelles". However, neurons differ from other cells in the body in some ways such as: 1. Neurons have specialized projections called dendrites and axons. De ...
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Locally evoked potentials in slices of the rat nucleus - UvA-DARE
Locally evoked potentials in slices of the rat nucleus - UvA-DARE

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Signaling in large-scale neural networks
Signaling in large-scale neural networks

... functional network activity is their association with the UPstates proposed to be the active state of neurons during behavior (Destexhe et al. 2007, 2003; Haider et al. 2006). Current and conductance-based circuits The essentials of network dynamics are synaptic interactions between the constituent ...
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

... innervates often receive additional afferent innervation. These afferent fibers are important in reflex autonomic activity (e.g., regulation of blood pressure) and conscious sensation (discomfort, pain, etc.) B. Subdivisions of the ANS-Defined by location of cell body of preganglionic neuron 1. Symp ...
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Document
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... 1. Because the fMRI voxel is sensitive to activity from many neurons, simply showing that an area is active both during action and perception does not guarantee that the same neurons are responding to both action and perception (e.g., Dinstein et al, 2007). ...
Cell Review ppt with Anwwers
Cell Review ppt with Anwwers

... 29. Compare active transport and facilitated diffusion based on the chart below. Facilitated diffusion and active transport both require proteins to work, but active transport requires energy (low to high concentration— against the concentration gradient) and facilitated diffusion doesn’t require e ...
Chapter 28: Nervous
Chapter 28: Nervous

... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Ch9. Motor System
Ch9. Motor System

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Minireview: Role of Glia in Neuroendocrine Function
Minireview: Role of Glia in Neuroendocrine Function

... substance (a variation of this involves the glia signaling to the neuron by physically interacting with it, meaning that the membranes become immediately juxtaposed or disassociated); and 2) the hormone acts first on the neuron, which then releases a substance to signal to the glia, which presumably ...
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Stimulus (physiology)



In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.
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