Ionic Mechanism of the Slow Afterdepolarization Induced by
... 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We previously have shown that cholinergic stimulation of layer V pyramidal neurons of the rat prefrontal cortex results in a depolarization and the appearance of a slow afterdepolarization (sADP) ...
... 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We previously have shown that cholinergic stimulation of layer V pyramidal neurons of the rat prefrontal cortex results in a depolarization and the appearance of a slow afterdepolarization (sADP) ...
emboj7600621-sup
... larval stage (16hr), the positions of nerve ring and cell bodies of AFD, AWB, and AWC in sax-7(nj48) mutants were indistinguishable from those of wild type. However, the positions of these cell bodies are mislocalized anterior to the nerve ring after the second larval stage. At the adult stage (92 h ...
... larval stage (16hr), the positions of nerve ring and cell bodies of AFD, AWB, and AWC in sax-7(nj48) mutants were indistinguishable from those of wild type. However, the positions of these cell bodies are mislocalized anterior to the nerve ring after the second larval stage. At the adult stage (92 h ...
Synaptic and cellular organization of layer 1 of the
... along with apical dendrites of pyramidal cells of the underlying layers, and axon collaterals other neocortical areas and the thalamus (Marin-Padilla and Marin-Padilla, 1982). L1 is known to be important in neocortical development, but its role in neocortical function is still not clear. One of the ...
... along with apical dendrites of pyramidal cells of the underlying layers, and axon collaterals other neocortical areas and the thalamus (Marin-Padilla and Marin-Padilla, 1982). L1 is known to be important in neocortical development, but its role in neocortical function is still not clear. One of the ...
The Myenteric Nerve-Plexus in some lower Chordates.
... axon joined a fibre-bundle in which it could not be followed to its termination. In some preparations there were extremely complicated clumps of very fine nerve-fibrils of a delicately varicose appearance at the points usually occupied by nervecells. In such cases the nerve-cells themselves had not ...
... axon joined a fibre-bundle in which it could not be followed to its termination. In some preparations there were extremely complicated clumps of very fine nerve-fibrils of a delicately varicose appearance at the points usually occupied by nervecells. In such cases the nerve-cells themselves had not ...
Slides - UCSD Cognitive Science
... Transduction : the transformation of one form of energy to another the photoreceptors transduce light to electrical signals (voltage changes) ...
... Transduction : the transformation of one form of energy to another the photoreceptors transduce light to electrical signals (voltage changes) ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... Effects of luminance modulation outside the RF We reported previously that a significant percentage of neurons in striate cortex respond to luminance modulation outside the RF (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis a ...
... Effects of luminance modulation outside the RF We reported previously that a significant percentage of neurons in striate cortex respond to luminance modulation outside the RF (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis a ...
Spinal Cord and reflexes lab
... 2. Sensory neuron – transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS 3. Integration center in the CNS where the sensory information is received and transferred to motor neurons. 4. Motor neuron – conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector 5. Effector – muscle fiber or gland that ...
... 2. Sensory neuron – transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS 3. Integration center in the CNS where the sensory information is received and transferred to motor neurons. 4. Motor neuron – conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector 5. Effector – muscle fiber or gland that ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... versus disabled top-down projections between the two areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described condi ...
... versus disabled top-down projections between the two areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described condi ...
Cell type-specific pharmacology of NMDA receptors using masked
... eLife digest Learning is critical to survival for humans and other animals. The learning process is regulated by receptors on the surface of brain cells called N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (or NMDA receptors for short). These receptors help to strengthen signals between brain cells, which allows a ...
... eLife digest Learning is critical to survival for humans and other animals. The learning process is regulated by receptors on the surface of brain cells called N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (or NMDA receptors for short). These receptors help to strengthen signals between brain cells, which allows a ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... choosing a hypothesis about how neurons encode and decode information. The detailed nature of the encoding /decoding process is still unre- ...
... choosing a hypothesis about how neurons encode and decode information. The detailed nature of the encoding /decoding process is still unre- ...
C. elegans Neurology Supplement - Bio-Rad
... Sensory neuron and interneuron cell bodies make part of a cluster of nerve cells, or ganglia, in the head that can be loosely interpreted as the “brain” of C. elegans. Sensory neurons send dendrites from the head ganglia to the tip of the nose and transmit sensory information to interneurons in the ...
... Sensory neuron and interneuron cell bodies make part of a cluster of nerve cells, or ganglia, in the head that can be loosely interpreted as the “brain” of C. elegans. Sensory neurons send dendrites from the head ganglia to the tip of the nose and transmit sensory information to interneurons in the ...
Vegetative nervous system
... – Go through without synapse in chain (as splanchnic nerves) • Splanchnic nerves • Postganglionic fibers go to effector organs • Preganglionic fibers are relatively short; postganglionic relatively long ...
... – Go through without synapse in chain (as splanchnic nerves) • Splanchnic nerves • Postganglionic fibers go to effector organs • Preganglionic fibers are relatively short; postganglionic relatively long ...
Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral
... cells in a manner similar to their response to tail shock produces reliable facilitation of the EPSP from LE sensory cells to follower cells. CBl neurons were identified as described above. An LE sensory cell and a follower neuron (usually an LFS motor neuron) were then impaled. Follower neurons wer ...
... cells in a manner similar to their response to tail shock produces reliable facilitation of the EPSP from LE sensory cells to follower cells. CBl neurons were identified as described above. An LE sensory cell and a follower neuron (usually an LFS motor neuron) were then impaled. Follower neurons wer ...
Lecture #6 Notes
... 2. All pathways cross the mid-line somewhere. Part of your job is to learn where each one crosses. 3. All pathways between the periphery and higher centers within the central nervous system— on both the sensory and the motor side—consist of several neurons linked by synapses to form a chain with syn ...
... 2. All pathways cross the mid-line somewhere. Part of your job is to learn where each one crosses. 3. All pathways between the periphery and higher centers within the central nervous system— on both the sensory and the motor side—consist of several neurons linked by synapses to form a chain with syn ...
Chapter 7 - Psychology
... the brain. afferent neurons - are also called sensory neurons. They relay information from the sense organs (e.g., touch) toward the brain. efferent neurons - are also called motor neurons. They carry neural impulses from the brain to the muscles. primary afferents - Are specialized sensory neurons ...
... the brain. afferent neurons - are also called sensory neurons. They relay information from the sense organs (e.g., touch) toward the brain. efferent neurons - are also called motor neurons. They carry neural impulses from the brain to the muscles. primary afferents - Are specialized sensory neurons ...
Membrane Biophysics and Synaptic Physiology
... dependence of release, two models and mechanisms? •Multivesicular release, when and where? •Synaptic ...
... dependence of release, two models and mechanisms? •Multivesicular release, when and where? •Synaptic ...
Changes in 3H-Substance P Receptor Binding in the Rat Brain After
... autoradiography to determine whether changes occur in the distribution of ‘H-SP receptor binding sites in the rat CNS following a kainic acid lesion of the corpus striamm. Using this technique we will address the possibility that high levels of 3H-SP receptor binding sites are normally not observed ...
... autoradiography to determine whether changes occur in the distribution of ‘H-SP receptor binding sites in the rat CNS following a kainic acid lesion of the corpus striamm. Using this technique we will address the possibility that high levels of 3H-SP receptor binding sites are normally not observed ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mode of propagation is revealed when a noisy background current is p ...
... other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mode of propagation is revealed when a noisy background current is p ...
serotonin
... reported in a wide variety of neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and diencephalon. In general, such responses have been attributed to mediation by 5-HT1 receptors. In sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia, a 5-HT1-like receptor has been reported to reduce the calcium component of action potenti ...
... reported in a wide variety of neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and diencephalon. In general, such responses have been attributed to mediation by 5-HT1 receptors. In sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia, a 5-HT1-like receptor has been reported to reduce the calcium component of action potenti ...
How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns
... (the latter is equivalent to applying a compressive nonlinearity). Each element is controlled by a variable that determines the strength of the normalization. We refer to these as the untuned and tuned components of normalization. As we consider in the Discussion section, these components may corres ...
... (the latter is equivalent to applying a compressive nonlinearity). Each element is controlled by a variable that determines the strength of the normalization. We refer to these as the untuned and tuned components of normalization. As we consider in the Discussion section, these components may corres ...
Combination technique of matrix assisted laser/desorption
... MALDI- and SIMS- imaging of subcellular components of SCG explant cultures With the sample preparation procedures above, we successfully visualized the distribution of intact phospholipids in the fan-shaped region of the SCG culture, which includes the cell-body and full length of neurites, by MALDI ...
... MALDI- and SIMS- imaging of subcellular components of SCG explant cultures With the sample preparation procedures above, we successfully visualized the distribution of intact phospholipids in the fan-shaped region of the SCG culture, which includes the cell-body and full length of neurites, by MALDI ...
AV shunt
... Primary function within an organ is flow regulation, thereby determining oxygen delivery and the washout of metabolic by-products Regulate, in part, capillary hydrostatic pressure and therefore influence ...
... Primary function within an organ is flow regulation, thereby determining oxygen delivery and the washout of metabolic by-products Regulate, in part, capillary hydrostatic pressure and therefore influence ...
sleep
... Stimulating the sensory neuron results in an increased response (release of neurotransmitter) Ex: Strong fear response to an insect if we have been stung once In case of facilitation, the molecular mechanism is believed to be following. Facilitated synapse releases serotonin that activates adenylyl ...
... Stimulating the sensory neuron results in an increased response (release of neurotransmitter) Ex: Strong fear response to an insect if we have been stung once In case of facilitation, the molecular mechanism is believed to be following. Facilitated synapse releases serotonin that activates adenylyl ...
Lack of response suppression follows repeated ventral tegmental
... Abstract—Cannabinoid compounds have been reported to excite ventral tegmental neurons through activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. More recently, biochemical and whole-cell voltage-clamp studies carried out on CB1-transfected AtT20 cells have shown a rapid desensitization of these receptors foll ...
... Abstract—Cannabinoid compounds have been reported to excite ventral tegmental neurons through activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. More recently, biochemical and whole-cell voltage-clamp studies carried out on CB1-transfected AtT20 cells have shown a rapid desensitization of these receptors foll ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.