The State of the Art of Respiratory Control
... Blood gas homeostasis is coordinated in part through central and peripheral respiratory chemoreflex feedback loops, each with its own respective sensitivity and onset delay. The slower-acting central respiratory chemoreceptors, located at various locations throughout the brainstem, increase ventilat ...
... Blood gas homeostasis is coordinated in part through central and peripheral respiratory chemoreflex feedback loops, each with its own respective sensitivity and onset delay. The slower-acting central respiratory chemoreceptors, located at various locations throughout the brainstem, increase ventilat ...
neural basis of deciding, choosing and acting
... Box 1 | Organization of sensorimotor systems Neural concomitants of deciding, choosing and producing actions occur in numerous areas of the cerebral cortex, not to mention the subcortical structures. This box provides a simplified perspective of the brain regions described in the text. Vision starts ...
... Box 1 | Organization of sensorimotor systems Neural concomitants of deciding, choosing and producing actions occur in numerous areas of the cerebral cortex, not to mention the subcortical structures. This box provides a simplified perspective of the brain regions described in the text. Vision starts ...
PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... systems are similarly organized (for instance, olfactory receptor neurons expressing a single olfactory receptor type all project to the same glomeruli in the olfactory bulb or antennal lobe in vertebrates and insects, respectively) and use similar strategies to process and represent olfactory infor ...
... systems are similarly organized (for instance, olfactory receptor neurons expressing a single olfactory receptor type all project to the same glomeruli in the olfactory bulb or antennal lobe in vertebrates and insects, respectively) and use similar strategies to process and represent olfactory infor ...
Information transmission and recovery in neural communications
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
Chapter 3
... Classification by Response to Stimuli • Generator potential – free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings & olfactory receptors produce generator potentials – when large enough, it generates a nerve impulse in a firstorder neuron • Receptor potential – vision, hearing, equilibrium and taste rece ...
... Classification by Response to Stimuli • Generator potential – free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings & olfactory receptors produce generator potentials – when large enough, it generates a nerve impulse in a firstorder neuron • Receptor potential – vision, hearing, equilibrium and taste rece ...
Chapter 3
... Classification by Response to Stimuli • Generator potential – free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings & olfactory receptors produce generator potentials – when large enough, it generates a nerve impulse in a firstorder neuron • Receptor potential – vision, hearing, equilibrium and taste rece ...
... Classification by Response to Stimuli • Generator potential – free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings & olfactory receptors produce generator potentials – when large enough, it generates a nerve impulse in a firstorder neuron • Receptor potential – vision, hearing, equilibrium and taste rece ...
Linking reward expectation to behavior in the basal ganglia
... Recording from a subset of the same caudate neurons that exhibited reward-related activity in the BST, they found that these neurons did not have spatially selective anticipatory responses when target uncertainty was eliminated in this manner. This result seems simply to rule out a general role for ...
... Recording from a subset of the same caudate neurons that exhibited reward-related activity in the BST, they found that these neurons did not have spatially selective anticipatory responses when target uncertainty was eliminated in this manner. This result seems simply to rule out a general role for ...
Respiratory Care Anatomy and Physiology, 3rd
... Non-threshold substances pass through the glomerular membrane into the filtrate and are not reabsorbed, regardless of their plasma concentration. Creatinine is an example of a non-threshold substance. 8. A. The descending loop of Henle is freely permeable to water and moderately permeable to most ion ...
... Non-threshold substances pass through the glomerular membrane into the filtrate and are not reabsorbed, regardless of their plasma concentration. Creatinine is an example of a non-threshold substance. 8. A. The descending loop of Henle is freely permeable to water and moderately permeable to most ion ...
ch_22 - WordPress.com
... Hypoglycemia- low blood glucose level. Hyper glycemia- high blood glucose level. Diabetes mellitus- loss of glucose through urine. Glycogenesis- conversion of glucose into glycogen. ...
... Hypoglycemia- low blood glucose level. Hyper glycemia- high blood glucose level. Diabetes mellitus- loss of glucose through urine. Glycogenesis- conversion of glucose into glycogen. ...
Cells of the Nervous System
... 1.Name and describe the parts of a neuron and explain their functions. 2.Describe the supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems and describe and explain the importance of the blood–brain barrier. 3.Briefly describe the neural circuitry responsible for a withdrawal reflex and its ...
... 1.Name and describe the parts of a neuron and explain their functions. 2.Describe the supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems and describe and explain the importance of the blood–brain barrier. 3.Briefly describe the neural circuitry responsible for a withdrawal reflex and its ...
Indeterminism And The Brain - Philsci
... 1. Introduction. Is the brain a deterministic machine, or are neurological processes subject to chance events? If we mean by "chance" not merely our ignorance of the real causes of an event but a lack of causal determination in the objects themselves, do such chance events occur in a living brain? A ...
... 1. Introduction. Is the brain a deterministic machine, or are neurological processes subject to chance events? If we mean by "chance" not merely our ignorance of the real causes of an event but a lack of causal determination in the objects themselves, do such chance events occur in a living brain? A ...
Document
... Visceral Afferents and Referred Pain Referred Pain: • Pain originating in a visceral structure perceived as being from an area of skin innervated by the same segmental level as the visceral afferent • Results from convergence of somatic & visceral afferents on the same segmental level of the spinal ...
... Visceral Afferents and Referred Pain Referred Pain: • Pain originating in a visceral structure perceived as being from an area of skin innervated by the same segmental level as the visceral afferent • Results from convergence of somatic & visceral afferents on the same segmental level of the spinal ...
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta
... is devoted also to amphetamine-type stimulants and cocaine and their effects on neuroglia. Opioids, mainly morphine, have been used for relieving pain for a long time. Their effects have been known since an ancient period. Except of their medical effects, opioids and their semi-synthetically/synthet ...
... is devoted also to amphetamine-type stimulants and cocaine and their effects on neuroglia. Opioids, mainly morphine, have been used for relieving pain for a long time. Their effects have been known since an ancient period. Except of their medical effects, opioids and their semi-synthetically/synthet ...
2. Study Guide Chapter 2
... 14. The chemical messengers that convey information across the gaps between neurons are called . These chemicals unlock tiny channels on receptor sites, allowing electrically charged atoms ( ) to enter the neuron. 15. Neurotransmitters influence neurons either by or their readiness to fire. Excess n ...
... 14. The chemical messengers that convey information across the gaps between neurons are called . These chemicals unlock tiny channels on receptor sites, allowing electrically charged atoms ( ) to enter the neuron. 15. Neurotransmitters influence neurons either by or their readiness to fire. Excess n ...
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
... Males: required for sperm production Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Females: responsible for ovulation, formation of corpus luteum in the ovary, and regulation of ovarian secretion of female sex hormones. Males: stimulates cell in the testes to secrete testosterone ...
... Males: required for sperm production Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Females: responsible for ovulation, formation of corpus luteum in the ovary, and regulation of ovarian secretion of female sex hormones. Males: stimulates cell in the testes to secrete testosterone ...
cells
... such as the chest, brain, eye, inner surfaces of blood vessels, and heart and inner ear. Epithelium provides physical protection from abrasion, dehydration, and damage by xenobiotics. It controls permeability of a substance in its effort to enter or leave the body. Some epithelia are relatively impe ...
... such as the chest, brain, eye, inner surfaces of blood vessels, and heart and inner ear. Epithelium provides physical protection from abrasion, dehydration, and damage by xenobiotics. It controls permeability of a substance in its effort to enter or leave the body. Some epithelia are relatively impe ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.