Maturation of Layer V Pyramidal Neurons in the Rat Prefrontal
... 1994; Weinberger and Berman 1996). Although the causes for such malfunction may be complex, many studies suggest abnormalities that occur during early postnatal development (Jones 1997; Lewis and Levitt 2002; Raedler et al. 1998). Electrical activities play important roles in developmental processes ...
... 1994; Weinberger and Berman 1996). Although the causes for such malfunction may be complex, many studies suggest abnormalities that occur during early postnatal development (Jones 1997; Lewis and Levitt 2002; Raedler et al. 1998). Electrical activities play important roles in developmental processes ...
Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function
... information on the PNAS web site). Later we will discuss possible causes for such discrepancies. Because a large number of the sensory organs are located in the tip of the head (34), aggregation of neurons in the anterior region of the animal is consistent with minimization of cost required to conne ...
... information on the PNAS web site). Later we will discuss possible causes for such discrepancies. Because a large number of the sensory organs are located in the tip of the head (34), aggregation of neurons in the anterior region of the animal is consistent with minimization of cost required to conne ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... endowed the nervous system with mechanisms to control the flow of information, only a small fraction of our processing capabilities could be devoted to crucial aspects of the incoming sensory signals. The development of a fovea, combined with the ability to make fast and accurate eye movements are a ...
... endowed the nervous system with mechanisms to control the flow of information, only a small fraction of our processing capabilities could be devoted to crucial aspects of the incoming sensory signals. The development of a fovea, combined with the ability to make fast and accurate eye movements are a ...
600 Kb PDF
... method to study how information is processed and encoded in living cultured neuronal networks by interfacing them to a computer-generated animal, the Neurally-Controlled Animat, within a virtual world. Cortical neurons from rats are dissociated and cultured on a surface containing a grid of electrod ...
... method to study how information is processed and encoded in living cultured neuronal networks by interfacing them to a computer-generated animal, the Neurally-Controlled Animat, within a virtual world. Cortical neurons from rats are dissociated and cultured on a surface containing a grid of electrod ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS - eCurriculum
... Kinesthesia - the ability to feel movements of the limbs and body Stereognosis – ability to recognize objects based on touch alone ...
... Kinesthesia - the ability to feel movements of the limbs and body Stereognosis – ability to recognize objects based on touch alone ...
PDF only
... Despite the intensive research in this area, the physiological and pathological functions of COX isoforms in the brain are not completely understood, mainly due to the complexity of the system, involving multiple pathways that produce several prostanoids from diverse cell types. In addition, the exi ...
... Despite the intensive research in this area, the physiological and pathological functions of COX isoforms in the brain are not completely understood, mainly due to the complexity of the system, involving multiple pathways that produce several prostanoids from diverse cell types. In addition, the exi ...
Document
... task: respond to injury • monitor for chemical signal • follow gradient to source – coordinate: avoid too many responders! ...
... task: respond to injury • monitor for chemical signal • follow gradient to source – coordinate: avoid too many responders! ...
Article
... Buonomano, 2003). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction between conditions (FIX 3 VAR) and tone number (2T 3 3T; F = 57.75; n = 15; p < 0.0001), demonstrating a dramatic impairment in the 3T-VAR condition only (Figure 3B). Indeed, the threshold in the 3T-VAR condi ...
... Buonomano, 2003). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction between conditions (FIX 3 VAR) and tone number (2T 3 3T; F = 57.75; n = 15; p < 0.0001), demonstrating a dramatic impairment in the 3T-VAR condition only (Figure 3B). Indeed, the threshold in the 3T-VAR condi ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... internal controls. Most often, it is capable of decision making without external guide or control. Examples of autonomous systems are animals and autonomous robots. Biological organisms (animals, in particular) can be considered as autonomous control systems because they are capable of performing se ...
... internal controls. Most often, it is capable of decision making without external guide or control. Examples of autonomous systems are animals and autonomous robots. Biological organisms (animals, in particular) can be considered as autonomous control systems because they are capable of performing se ...
Thermal impact on spiking properties in Hodgkin–Huxley neuron
... where T0 denotes the reference temperature at which the original electrophysiological experiment for model construction is done. (T0 = 6.3◦ C in this study for the HH system, see ref. [4]). To mimic these two effects of temperature on the HH system, the time constants of gating variables, τ s, in eq ...
... where T0 denotes the reference temperature at which the original electrophysiological experiment for model construction is done. (T0 = 6.3◦ C in this study for the HH system, see ref. [4]). To mimic these two effects of temperature on the HH system, the time constants of gating variables, τ s, in eq ...
Motor systems
... muscle and changes in length are coded by the pattern and frequency of action potentials in the primary or Ia afferents and secondary or Group II afferents. Gamma motor neurons innervate the spindle fibers and can adjust the sensitivity of the spindle. 3. Golgi tendon organs lie within the musculote ...
... muscle and changes in length are coded by the pattern and frequency of action potentials in the primary or Ia afferents and secondary or Group II afferents. Gamma motor neurons innervate the spindle fibers and can adjust the sensitivity of the spindle. 3. Golgi tendon organs lie within the musculote ...
the organization of the arthropod central nervous system
... the very complexity of these systems makes them difficult to analyze anatomically, physiologically and psychologically. For this reason a comparative approach could well be more productive. Comparative physiology has always aimed at contributing not only to a better understanding of the particular a ...
... the very complexity of these systems makes them difficult to analyze anatomically, physiologically and psychologically. For this reason a comparative approach could well be more productive. Comparative physiology has always aimed at contributing not only to a better understanding of the particular a ...
Exposure to excess glucocorticoids alters dendritic
... hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells. Specifically, we have observed decreases in the number of apical dendritic branch points and total apical dendritic length in a 100-/~m-thick section with C O R T treatment. The fact that we observed no differences in cross-sectional cell body area supports the notio ...
... hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells. Specifically, we have observed decreases in the number of apical dendritic branch points and total apical dendritic length in a 100-/~m-thick section with C O R T treatment. The fact that we observed no differences in cross-sectional cell body area supports the notio ...
TUBULAR REABSORPTION
... more Na+ will be delivered to principle cells ,more Na+ is available for Na+- K+ ATPase than more K+ is pumped into the cell which increases the driving force for K+ secretion ...
... more Na+ will be delivered to principle cells ,more Na+ is available for Na+- K+ ATPase than more K+ is pumped into the cell which increases the driving force for K+ secretion ...
Spinal Cord Injuries
... Substantial compression may block most nerve impulses, causing severe muscle weakness, numbness, retention of urine, and loss of bladder and bowel control. If all nerve impulses are blocked, paralysis and complete loss of sensation result. A beltlike band of discomfort may be felt at the level of sp ...
... Substantial compression may block most nerve impulses, causing severe muscle weakness, numbness, retention of urine, and loss of bladder and bowel control. If all nerve impulses are blocked, paralysis and complete loss of sensation result. A beltlike band of discomfort may be felt at the level of sp ...
Ch14 notes Martini 9e
... • Synchronizes electrical activity between hemispheres • Brain damage can cause desynchronization • Seizure • Is a temporary cerebral disorder • Changes the electroencephalogram • Symptoms depend on regions affected © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 14-10 Cranial Nerves • Cranial Nerves • 12 pairs conn ...
... • Synchronizes electrical activity between hemispheres • Brain damage can cause desynchronization • Seizure • Is a temporary cerebral disorder • Changes the electroencephalogram • Symptoms depend on regions affected © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 14-10 Cranial Nerves • Cranial Nerves • 12 pairs conn ...
Thursday 12th November 2009 - South Thames Acute Pain Group
... long ago as 1978 [1]. Despite the evidence to show that ketamine can be effective in the management of acute pain [2,3], its use in subanaesthetic doses for pain control is far from routine [4]. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. The NMDA receptor is normally dormant dur ...
... long ago as 1978 [1]. Despite the evidence to show that ketamine can be effective in the management of acute pain [2,3], its use in subanaesthetic doses for pain control is far from routine [4]. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. The NMDA receptor is normally dormant dur ...
Chapter 2 - IFSC-USP
... Nerve cells generate electrical signals that transmit information. Although neurons are not intrinsically good conductors of electricity, they have evolved elaborate mechanisms for generating these signals based on the flow of ions across their plasma membranes. Ordinarily, neurons generate a negati ...
... Nerve cells generate electrical signals that transmit information. Although neurons are not intrinsically good conductors of electricity, they have evolved elaborate mechanisms for generating these signals based on the flow of ions across their plasma membranes. Ordinarily, neurons generate a negati ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM aka CNS
... is a distinct area for each of the major senses (sight, touch, hearing, etc.) See Fig. 10-4 1. The primary sensory cortex is located along the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, just posterior to the primary motor cortex. • It is involved with touch, pain, pressure, taste, and temp. receptors • ...
... is a distinct area for each of the major senses (sight, touch, hearing, etc.) See Fig. 10-4 1. The primary sensory cortex is located along the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, just posterior to the primary motor cortex. • It is involved with touch, pain, pressure, taste, and temp. receptors • ...
PDF file
... ‘‘good’’? Note, such preferences are not fixed either. For example, a person may gradually dislike a sweet taste. The term ‘‘pain’’ is not necessarily ‘‘low level’’ either. For example, the loss of a family member is also called pain. The same is also true for sweet sensation. For example, home is ‘ ...
... ‘‘good’’? Note, such preferences are not fixed either. For example, a person may gradually dislike a sweet taste. The term ‘‘pain’’ is not necessarily ‘‘low level’’ either. For example, the loss of a family member is also called pain. The same is also true for sweet sensation. For example, home is ‘ ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.