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Test Yourself! - Department of Health Science and Technology
Test Yourself! - Department of Health Science and Technology

... Volume of distribution can be measured using: a) The plasma drug concentration extrapolated back to zero time after administration b) The rate of elimination at a particulatr time after the dose c) The clearance d) The rate of onset of drug effect e) The duration of drug effect ...
Drug Myths and Facts
Drug Myths and Facts

... Myth: Steroid creams can be bought in drug stores. Doctors prescribe steroids to treat allergies. So using steroids to build muscles must be OK. Fact: There are different types of steroids. Steroids used to treat rashes and allergies are not the same as steroids used to increase muscle growth. ...
Characterizing Protein/Ligand Binding by DSC
Characterizing Protein/Ligand Binding by DSC

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comparative study of natural and synthetic

... treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Acute lumbago, and Dental pain condition. However like other NSAIDs, oral administration of this drug is also associated with severe gastrointestinal side effects like ulceration and gastro intestinal bleeding liver and kidney trouble. The solution ...
Principles of early drug discovery
Principles of early drug discovery

... research and from the commercial sector. It may take many years to build up a body of supporting evidence before selecting a target for a costly drug discovery programme. Once a target has been chosen, the pharmaceutical industry and more recently some academic centres have streamlined a number of e ...
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Pharmacokinetics is

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Extended release drug delivery technology
Extended release drug delivery technology

... give non-constant release rates, although this was still a large improvement over immediate release formulations. The ideal DDS should show a constant zero-order release rate, as this has the potential to create constant plasma concentrations. A range of technologies Many current oral extended relea ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2003 - Second Exam:
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... drug companies had complained that the new requirements were impossible to fulfill. During discussions with the medical reviewer at FDA, there had been some close calls where the reviewer had questioned the p-values presented in some of the studies, and no one knew how to answer him. So, the head o ...
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DRUG RECEPTOR AND PHARMCODYNAMICS

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Investigational New Drug (IND)

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Structure-based design of enzyme inhibitors and receptor ligands

... structure-based drug design is adopting increasing importance in the search for new drugs. Modeling starts from the 3D structure of a target protein in order to construct molecules which are complementary to a binding site, in their geometry as well as in the pattern of their physicochemical propert ...
Absorption mechanism of drugs from the GI tract
Absorption mechanism of drugs from the GI tract

... from the salt forms depending on the pH of the surrounding environment. They behave according to their native (intrinsic) basic forms, which usually have low aqueous solubilities. In vitro (e.g. for dissolution testing), these drugs may freely dissolve as a salt but in vivo these will behave as nati ...
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Clinical evaluation of colon specific drug delivery

...  Employ less total drug and eliminate local side effects  Better utilization of the drugs  More uniform effect  Better control over the drug absorption. DISADVANTAGES: High cost  Dose dumping  Unpredictable or poor invitro-invivo correlation  Reduced potential for dosage adjustment  Increas ...
Dr. Mary Teeling Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics / Centre for
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Bacteria and mycobacteria

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Pharmacology for Nurse Prescribing

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NewsletterVol 3 (#4) - About Outcome Resources

... including mostly nursing home residents have failed to demonstrate similar consistent benefits. Reports on the clinical significance of Megace induced weight gain vary considerably. Some clinicians believe that the weight gains that have been achieved with Megace are not related to reversing the cat ...
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Drug design



Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design. In addition to small molecules, biopharmaceuticals and especially therapeutic antibodies are an increasingly important class of drugs and computational methods for improving the affinity, selectivity, and stability of these protein-based therapeutics have also been developed.The phrase ""drug design"" is to some extent a misnomer. A more accurate term is ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, side effects, etc., that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and efficacious drug. These other characteristics are often difficult to predict with rational design techniques. Nevertheless, due to high attrition rates, especially during clinical phases of drug development, more attention is being focused early in the drug design process on selecting candidate drugs whose physicochemical properties are predicted to result in fewer complications during development and hence more likely to lead to an approved, marketed drug. Furthermore, in vitro experiments complemented with computation methods are increasingly used in early drug discovery to select compounds with more favorable ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicological profiles.
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