Hasselmo M.E. (2007) Arc length coding by interference of
... Eichenbaum, 2005; Hasselmo, 2005b). As shown in Figure 4A, the pattern of activity in many neurons in the DNMP task did not seem to correspond to the pattern seen in the continuous spatial alternation task (Griffin et al., 2007). Instead, the majority of cells showed selective responding based on th ...
... Eichenbaum, 2005; Hasselmo, 2005b). As shown in Figure 4A, the pattern of activity in many neurons in the DNMP task did not seem to correspond to the pattern seen in the continuous spatial alternation task (Griffin et al., 2007). Instead, the majority of cells showed selective responding based on th ...
experimental models for neurodegenerative diseases
... In humans, ND are largely age-related disorders. In non-human species, on the other hand, ND represent an extremely rare condition. However, aged mammals may develop neuropathological lesions: -amyloidosis has been show to occur, spontaneously, in primates, bears and dogs, while neurofibrillary tan ...
... In humans, ND are largely age-related disorders. In non-human species, on the other hand, ND represent an extremely rare condition. However, aged mammals may develop neuropathological lesions: -amyloidosis has been show to occur, spontaneously, in primates, bears and dogs, while neurofibrillary tan ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... Received in revised form 26 November 2010 Accepted 30 November 2010 Available online 8 December 2010 ...
... Received in revised form 26 November 2010 Accepted 30 November 2010 Available online 8 December 2010 ...
Slide 1
... smaller than the attentional effects measured by Treue and Maunsell (1996) ( >80%) even though both studies required similar tasks ...
... smaller than the attentional effects measured by Treue and Maunsell (1996) ( >80%) even though both studies required similar tasks ...
Down-regulation of p21-activated serine/threonine kinase 1 is
... (HD), and mental retardation [12]. Down-regulation of PAK1 and PAK3, brain specific forms, has been reported in AD brain [13]. Also, PAK1 overexpression enhanced the toxicity in a HD cellular model [14]. Rac-PAK signaling was found to be defective in the mouse model of Fragile X syndrome, Fmr1-KO mo ...
... (HD), and mental retardation [12]. Down-regulation of PAK1 and PAK3, brain specific forms, has been reported in AD brain [13]. Also, PAK1 overexpression enhanced the toxicity in a HD cellular model [14]. Rac-PAK signaling was found to be defective in the mouse model of Fragile X syndrome, Fmr1-KO mo ...
The Output Signal of Purkinje Cells of the Cerebellum and Circadian
... contains a circadian oscillator. The cerebellar oscillator is involved in anticipation of mealtime and possibly resides in Purkinje cells. However, the rhythmic gene expression is likely transduced into a circadian cerebellar output signal to exert an effective control of neuronal brain circuits tha ...
... contains a circadian oscillator. The cerebellar oscillator is involved in anticipation of mealtime and possibly resides in Purkinje cells. However, the rhythmic gene expression is likely transduced into a circadian cerebellar output signal to exert an effective control of neuronal brain circuits tha ...
The human medial geniculate body
... In the ventral nucleus alternating strips of straight (thick arrowheads) and coiled (thin arrowheads) fibers are aligned, forming fibrous Iaminae possibly corresponding to the width (open circles) of the dendritic fields of the bushy cells with tufted dendritic branching (see Fig. 7A). The laminae a ...
... In the ventral nucleus alternating strips of straight (thick arrowheads) and coiled (thin arrowheads) fibers are aligned, forming fibrous Iaminae possibly corresponding to the width (open circles) of the dendritic fields of the bushy cells with tufted dendritic branching (see Fig. 7A). The laminae a ...
ling411-13 - Rice University
... Not because each node has – on its own – response features similar to those of other nodes in the web Simply because all the nodes are “tied together” in the web ...
... Not because each node has – on its own – response features similar to those of other nodes in the web Simply because all the nodes are “tied together” in the web ...
Time Constants of h Current in Layer II Stellate Cells... along the Dorsal to Ventral Axis of Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... and autocorrelations on the window were performed using the xcorr function of MATLAB. The frequency was determined as the inverse of the interval from the central peak to the first side peak. The frequencies of the three windows with the highest difference between the amplitudes of the side peak and ...
... and autocorrelations on the window were performed using the xcorr function of MATLAB. The frequency was determined as the inverse of the interval from the central peak to the first side peak. The frequencies of the three windows with the highest difference between the amplitudes of the side peak and ...
etiology and pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic
... metabolism and leads to depletion of high-energy phosphate compounds such as ATP followed by accumulation of lactate and a fall in intracellular pH. ...
... metabolism and leads to depletion of high-energy phosphate compounds such as ATP followed by accumulation of lactate and a fall in intracellular pH. ...
Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs: Introduction Drugs
... and in some subunit combinations can also be permeable to Ca2+. NMDA receptors are as ubiquitous as AMPA receptors, being present on essentially all neurons in the CNS. All NMDA receptors require the presence of the subunit GluN1. The channel also contains one or two NR2 subunits (GluN2A-D). Unlike ...
... and in some subunit combinations can also be permeable to Ca2+. NMDA receptors are as ubiquitous as AMPA receptors, being present on essentially all neurons in the CNS. All NMDA receptors require the presence of the subunit GluN1. The channel also contains one or two NR2 subunits (GluN2A-D). Unlike ...
motor pathways i-iii
... form the lateral corticospinal tract and enter the lateral funiculus. The remaining fibers descend uncrossed in the medial part of the ventral funiculus as the anterior corticospinal tract. 4. Termination of corticospinal tracts a) Lateral corticospinal tract i. Found throughout the cord in the lat ...
... form the lateral corticospinal tract and enter the lateral funiculus. The remaining fibers descend uncrossed in the medial part of the ventral funiculus as the anterior corticospinal tract. 4. Termination of corticospinal tracts a) Lateral corticospinal tract i. Found throughout the cord in the lat ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... medially, and laterally. The results of these injections are included for 2 main reasons.First, since our data indicate that neurons in the marginal zone of the spinal cord do not appear to project to Sm, it is possiblethat they may project to an area near Sm. Theseinjections should reveal the prese ...
... medially, and laterally. The results of these injections are included for 2 main reasons.First, since our data indicate that neurons in the marginal zone of the spinal cord do not appear to project to Sm, it is possiblethat they may project to an area near Sm. Theseinjections should reveal the prese ...
Chapter 7 | Pigments and Minerals
... HAuCl4 or its sodium salt. A contrasting counterstain such as neutral red or the aluminum complex of nuclear fast red, is applied to show the tissue architecture. The reactions of formation and reduction of ...
... HAuCl4 or its sodium salt. A contrasting counterstain such as neutral red or the aluminum complex of nuclear fast red, is applied to show the tissue architecture. The reactions of formation and reduction of ...
2011 - Università degli studi di Pavia
... the granular layer and by detecting known patterns in Purkinje cells; (2) pattern recognition in Purkinje cells is regulated by memory storage at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse under climbing–fiber control; (3) when unfamiliar patterns are detected, the Purkinje cells change their firing r ...
... the granular layer and by detecting known patterns in Purkinje cells; (2) pattern recognition in Purkinje cells is regulated by memory storage at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse under climbing–fiber control; (3) when unfamiliar patterns are detected, the Purkinje cells change their firing r ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... different reference frames is not just a theoretical exercise. It is crucial for the successful completion of different types of behaviour10,12,36,37. For instance, if you want to know whether your coffee is cool enough to drink, you could look at the cup and note whether there is any steam rising f ...
... different reference frames is not just a theoretical exercise. It is crucial for the successful completion of different types of behaviour10,12,36,37. For instance, if you want to know whether your coffee is cool enough to drink, you could look at the cup and note whether there is any steam rising f ...
04 narc John neuron
... greatly reduce activity. We now report that, in contrast to these other monoaminergic “REM-off” cell groups, histamine neurons are active in cataplexy at a level similar to or greater than that in quiet waking. We hypothesize that the activity of histamine cells is linked to the maintenance of wakin ...
... greatly reduce activity. We now report that, in contrast to these other monoaminergic “REM-off” cell groups, histamine neurons are active in cataplexy at a level similar to or greater than that in quiet waking. We hypothesize that the activity of histamine cells is linked to the maintenance of wakin ...
Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
Hyperhidrosis Due to Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in a Patient
... upper extremities, but head, voice, and lower extremity tremors may also be present. For medication-resistant patients, high frequency stimulation of the thalamus is a viable therapeutic alternative. Side effects of DBS include, but are not limited to paresthesias, gait difficulty, dysarthria, and d ...
... upper extremities, but head, voice, and lower extremity tremors may also be present. For medication-resistant patients, high frequency stimulation of the thalamus is a viable therapeutic alternative. Side effects of DBS include, but are not limited to paresthesias, gait difficulty, dysarthria, and d ...
US Copyright Law
... cortical cells. Others can be quite long, originating in more distant cortical regions and reaching their target only after descending below the cortical sheath into the white matter, traveling through long fiber tracts, and then entering another region of cortex, subcortical nucleus, or spinal laye ...
... cortical cells. Others can be quite long, originating in more distant cortical regions and reaching their target only after descending below the cortical sheath into the white matter, traveling through long fiber tracts, and then entering another region of cortex, subcortical nucleus, or spinal laye ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
Banbury notes 05 - University of Illinois Archives
... DHPG effect is enhanced (on FMRP levels) by mGluR5 antagonists (inhibit degredation?) Very fast rise and fall of DHPG, decline blocked by MG132 (proteosome ihibitor) Very rapid synthesis and degredation Makes IJ’s finding even more interesting; only the fast effect occurs in WT; slow effect in KO co ...
... DHPG effect is enhanced (on FMRP levels) by mGluR5 antagonists (inhibit degredation?) Very fast rise and fall of DHPG, decline blocked by MG132 (proteosome ihibitor) Very rapid synthesis and degredation Makes IJ’s finding even more interesting; only the fast effect occurs in WT; slow effect in KO co ...
Fuzzy logic and neural networks
... and extend the neural operations to the synaptic (confluence) and somatic (aggregation) operations. The theory presented in this brief exposition follows a pedagogical style. and starts from the very basic notion of neural computing and fuzzy logic learning to the advanced theory of cognitive neural ...
... and extend the neural operations to the synaptic (confluence) and somatic (aggregation) operations. The theory presented in this brief exposition follows a pedagogical style. and starts from the very basic notion of neural computing and fuzzy logic learning to the advanced theory of cognitive neural ...
Read as PDF
... innervation of chemosensory epithelia suggested neuromodulatory regulation of chemosensory pathways by central elements. In the present work, we describe 5-HT immunoreactivity in the CNS of Pleurobranchaea and Tritonia. We undertook this study to identify putative serotonergic neurons in Pleurobranc ...
... innervation of chemosensory epithelia suggested neuromodulatory regulation of chemosensory pathways by central elements. In the present work, we describe 5-HT immunoreactivity in the CNS of Pleurobranchaea and Tritonia. We undertook this study to identify putative serotonergic neurons in Pleurobranc ...
The Biology
... c. The “new brain,” responsible for the most sophisticated information processing in the brain; contains the lobes. d. The portion of the brain located beneath the frontal and parietal lobes; includes the auditory sensory areas. e. The part of the brain located outside the “new brain” that controls ...
... c. The “new brain,” responsible for the most sophisticated information processing in the brain; contains the lobes. d. The portion of the brain located beneath the frontal and parietal lobes; includes the auditory sensory areas. e. The part of the brain located outside the “new brain” that controls ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.