When is a trophic cascade a trophic cascade?
... factor that would tend to increase the statistical frequency and strength of trophic interactions in the published literature, above that actually occurring in nature. As a community, trophic ecologists ought to agree upon some specific criteria that provide evidence for a cascading effect. Strong9 ...
... factor that would tend to increase the statistical frequency and strength of trophic interactions in the published literature, above that actually occurring in nature. As a community, trophic ecologists ought to agree upon some specific criteria that provide evidence for a cascading effect. Strong9 ...
Coevolution of Poisonous Plants and Large Herbivores on
... Highlight: Early literature generally described toxic plant substances as waste products. However, more recent publications in entomology, plant biochemistry, and other fields suggest that toxic secondary compounds in plants may be defense systems against insects and other herbivores. The pertinence ...
... Highlight: Early literature generally described toxic plant substances as waste products. However, more recent publications in entomology, plant biochemistry, and other fields suggest that toxic secondary compounds in plants may be defense systems against insects and other herbivores. The pertinence ...
Soil Zoology
... C and S isotope ratios, which undergo little fractionation, and trophic positions of animals from their N isotope ratios, which increase along food chains in a step-wise fashion (Gannes et al., 1997; McCutchan et al. 2003). Part 2: Applications and future developments Early stable isotope tracer app ...
... C and S isotope ratios, which undergo little fractionation, and trophic positions of animals from their N isotope ratios, which increase along food chains in a step-wise fashion (Gannes et al., 1997; McCutchan et al. 2003). Part 2: Applications and future developments Early stable isotope tracer app ...
MANN, K. H. Production and use of detritus in various freshwater
... graze directly on them, because they have a relatively high content of indigestible fiber and a low content of nitrogen. The chief emphasis of detritus research in the 1970s was to show how microorganisms progressively reduce the content of fiber and increase the content of nitrogren in vascular pla ...
... graze directly on them, because they have a relatively high content of indigestible fiber and a low content of nitrogen. The chief emphasis of detritus research in the 1970s was to show how microorganisms progressively reduce the content of fiber and increase the content of nitrogren in vascular pla ...
MB_18_win
... Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Generalist species have a broad niche, as they can tolerate a wide range of conditions and use a wide variety of resources. Specialist species can only use specific resources and have more narrowly defined niches. Part B Two herbivores might eat different ...
... Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Generalist species have a broad niche, as they can tolerate a wide range of conditions and use a wide variety of resources. Specialist species can only use specific resources and have more narrowly defined niches. Part B Two herbivores might eat different ...
1 Carbon and Energy in Ecosystems Diagnostic Question
... “Gramma dies, is buried, decomposers consume her, they uptake C, then expel carbon as respired CO2 or as waste. The C is then taken in by plants as CO2 etc.. A cute little bunny is munching on the plant when a coyote prances, eating the bunny. Through metabolism the C moves into the coyote’s blood s ...
... “Gramma dies, is buried, decomposers consume her, they uptake C, then expel carbon as respired CO2 or as waste. The C is then taken in by plants as CO2 etc.. A cute little bunny is munching on the plant when a coyote prances, eating the bunny. Through metabolism the C moves into the coyote’s blood s ...
Grandma Johnson Diagnostic Question Cluster
... “Gramma dies, is buried, decomposers consume her, they uptake C, then expel carbon as respired CO2 or as waste. The C is then taken in by plants as CO2 etc.. A cute little bunny is munching on the plant when a coyote prances, eating the bunny. Through metabolism the C moves into the coyote’s blood s ...
... “Gramma dies, is buried, decomposers consume her, they uptake C, then expel carbon as respired CO2 or as waste. The C is then taken in by plants as CO2 etc.. A cute little bunny is munching on the plant when a coyote prances, eating the bunny. Through metabolism the C moves into the coyote’s blood s ...
Differential genetic influences on competitive effect and response in
... on plant shoots. Additionally, plants may vary independently in competitive effect and response abilities (Goldberg & Landa 1991), resulting in at least two independent forms of competitive ability. In exploitative (resource) competition, competitive effect represents a plant’s influence on a shared ...
... on plant shoots. Additionally, plants may vary independently in competitive effect and response abilities (Goldberg & Landa 1991), resulting in at least two independent forms of competitive ability. In exploitative (resource) competition, competitive effect represents a plant’s influence on a shared ...
Secondary Succession
... state in which equilibrium can be maintained. • occurs somewhat more rapidly than primary succession. ...
... state in which equilibrium can be maintained. • occurs somewhat more rapidly than primary succession. ...
Preferential allocation, physio‐evolutionary feedbacks, and the
... rates by host) policing ineffective symbionts within other mutualistic plant–soil microbe interactions. In arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM), for example, fungal infection of plant roots can elicit a plant defensive response in nonmycorrhizal hosts (Allen et al., 1989), but there is no evidence that host ...
... rates by host) policing ineffective symbionts within other mutualistic plant–soil microbe interactions. In arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM), for example, fungal infection of plant roots can elicit a plant defensive response in nonmycorrhizal hosts (Allen et al., 1989), but there is no evidence that host ...
The impact of willow encroachment on water and carbon exchange
... soil conditions become more favorable for woody shrubs and trees to establish and persist (Rundel et al. 2014). Established woody plants enable further woody seedling recruitment in wetlands, especially under drier conditions (Knickerbocker et al. 2009). Once seedlings survive to maturity, shrubs an ...
... soil conditions become more favorable for woody shrubs and trees to establish and persist (Rundel et al. 2014). Established woody plants enable further woody seedling recruitment in wetlands, especially under drier conditions (Knickerbocker et al. 2009). Once seedlings survive to maturity, shrubs an ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in angiosperm
... The biological variation in nature is called biodiversity. Anthropogenic pressures have led to a loss of biodiversity, alarming scientists as to what consequences declining diversity has for ecosystem functioning. The general consensus is that diversity (e.g. species richness or identity) affects fu ...
... The biological variation in nature is called biodiversity. Anthropogenic pressures have led to a loss of biodiversity, alarming scientists as to what consequences declining diversity has for ecosystem functioning. The general consensus is that diversity (e.g. species richness or identity) affects fu ...
Frequencies, Microclimate and Root Properties for
... facilitating examination of root deployment. Although similar in stature, the three species have different growth forms. In particular, E. farinosa has seasonally dimorphic leaves that are relatively large and dark green in winter, but greyish and smaller in summer (Ehleringer and Bjo$ rkman, 1978), ...
... facilitating examination of root deployment. Although similar in stature, the three species have different growth forms. In particular, E. farinosa has seasonally dimorphic leaves that are relatively large and dark green in winter, but greyish and smaller in summer (Ehleringer and Bjo$ rkman, 1978), ...
Where Innovation Is Tradition - Potomac Valley Ecological
... • Tertiary treatment plant with UV & oxygen to effluent processes over 54 million gal/day (12 billion) • Filters 4.3 million lbs of N & 746,000 lbs of P per year • Minimize algae blooms that feed on nitrogen and create oxygen dead zones ...
... • Tertiary treatment plant with UV & oxygen to effluent processes over 54 million gal/day (12 billion) • Filters 4.3 million lbs of N & 746,000 lbs of P per year • Minimize algae blooms that feed on nitrogen and create oxygen dead zones ...
Mason Template 1: Title Slide
... • Monitoring the health of these relationships as a measure of ecosystem health • Symbiosis success can be a standard to achieve ...
... • Monitoring the health of these relationships as a measure of ecosystem health • Symbiosis success can be a standard to achieve ...
Competitive interactions across a soil fertility gradient in a
... We use a model comparison framework to test hypotheses of competitive interactions among tree species across soil fertility gradients in sub-boreal spruce forests. These hypotheses are alternate answers to the three basic questions set forth by Rees, Childs & Freckleton (2012): ‘(i) How do changes i ...
... We use a model comparison framework to test hypotheses of competitive interactions among tree species across soil fertility gradients in sub-boreal spruce forests. These hypotheses are alternate answers to the three basic questions set forth by Rees, Childs & Freckleton (2012): ‘(i) How do changes i ...
Applications, Considerations, and Sources of Uncertainty When
... in all organisms from that food web. As application of this technique increases, analyses of covariance (65) can be used to assess if slopes and intercepts differ among two habitat types within one system or among systems. The importance of both TL and carbon source in determining fish Hg concentrat ...
... in all organisms from that food web. As application of this technique increases, analyses of covariance (65) can be used to assess if slopes and intercepts differ among two habitat types within one system or among systems. The importance of both TL and carbon source in determining fish Hg concentrat ...
Study Guide: Unit 1 AP Environmental Science
... Be able to describe the basic processes of the carbon cycle: photosynthesis (carbon fixation), movement of organic molecules through the food chain, cellular respiration, and combustion. Be able to explain that nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in the soil and on root nodules of certain plants (legumes ...
... Be able to describe the basic processes of the carbon cycle: photosynthesis (carbon fixation), movement of organic molecules through the food chain, cellular respiration, and combustion. Be able to explain that nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in the soil and on root nodules of certain plants (legumes ...
Deadwood Rangeland Health Assessment Determination - 7/08 150 KB
... Several factors influence the functionality of riparian and wetland areas. Management practices including livestock grazing, timber harvest, road construction, and water withdrawals contribute to elevated fine sediment levels, lack of riparian shade, elevated water temperatures, loss of connectivity ...
... Several factors influence the functionality of riparian and wetland areas. Management practices including livestock grazing, timber harvest, road construction, and water withdrawals contribute to elevated fine sediment levels, lack of riparian shade, elevated water temperatures, loss of connectivity ...
Marine Science 1 - Regular and Honors
... The student will explain that the theory of plate tectonics has been developed over a long period by a large number of scientists with a large number of observations. The theory of plate tectonics is durable but is continually subjected to change in the face of new evidence. ...
... The student will explain that the theory of plate tectonics has been developed over a long period by a large number of scientists with a large number of observations. The theory of plate tectonics is durable but is continually subjected to change in the face of new evidence. ...
Biology Fall Semester An open source text edited by MPS teachers
... 1. Identification of the copyrighted work, or, in the case of multiple works at the same location, a representative list of such works at that site. 2. Identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity. You must include sufficient information ...
... 1. Identification of the copyrighted work, or, in the case of multiple works at the same location, a representative list of such works at that site. 2. Identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity. You must include sufficient information ...
Most theoretical models of species coexistence assume that habitat patches... dynamic habitat P S
... fact that its habitat – the plant population itself – is not simply a static landscape of green “testtubes” in which food web dynamics play out. Rather, it is a spatially structured, dynamic system. The organization of this dynamic system appears to be controlled by interactions between Sarracenia, ...
... fact that its habitat – the plant population itself – is not simply a static landscape of green “testtubes” in which food web dynamics play out. Rather, it is a spatially structured, dynamic system. The organization of this dynamic system appears to be controlled by interactions between Sarracenia, ...
cleaned
... Farm Unit: The total area of land under control of one farmer or a collective of farmers, including all the farming activities or enterprises. Genetic Diversity: The variability among living organisms from agricultural, forest and aquatic ecosystems; this includes diversity within species and betwee ...
... Farm Unit: The total area of land under control of one farmer or a collective of farmers, including all the farming activities or enterprises. Genetic Diversity: The variability among living organisms from agricultural, forest and aquatic ecosystems; this includes diversity within species and betwee ...
