Small Streams and Wetlands Provide Beneficial Ecosystem Services
... the various materials get broken up into smaller particles or settle out. If natural vegetation and soil cover are disturbed by events and activities such as fires, farming or construction, runoff increases, washing more materials into streams. At the same time, the increased velocity and volume of ...
... the various materials get broken up into smaller particles or settle out. If natural vegetation and soil cover are disturbed by events and activities such as fires, farming or construction, runoff increases, washing more materials into streams. At the same time, the increased velocity and volume of ...
Biodiversity_and_EMAS_European_B+B_Campaign
... Are there any activities of restoration /reforestation to compensate the exploitation of resources? Indicator. Ha /qm of restored habitats or reforested area. Comparison to surface of damaged habitat Source: Companies statistics, ISO /EMAS Environmental Report Energy consumption and CO2 emissions, w ...
... Are there any activities of restoration /reforestation to compensate the exploitation of resources? Indicator. Ha /qm of restored habitats or reforested area. Comparison to surface of damaged habitat Source: Companies statistics, ISO /EMAS Environmental Report Energy consumption and CO2 emissions, w ...
environmental filtering of enzymatic activities
... Symbiotic structure linking soil filamentous fungi to short roots of most trees, including oaks, and involving diverse Basidiomycota and Ascomycota (Courty et al. 2010; van der Heijden et al. 2015). Their morpho-anatomy is variable, especially in the extension of the hyphal network surrounding root t ...
... Symbiotic structure linking soil filamentous fungi to short roots of most trees, including oaks, and involving diverse Basidiomycota and Ascomycota (Courty et al. 2010; van der Heijden et al. 2015). Their morpho-anatomy is variable, especially in the extension of the hyphal network surrounding root t ...
BIODIVERSITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN
... some basic questions: How important is biodiversity for ecosystem processes? How much biodiversity is needed to maintain ecosystem functioning? Past research typically measured aboveground plant biomass production as one variable of ecosystem functioning and its dependence on plant-species richness. ...
... some basic questions: How important is biodiversity for ecosystem processes? How much biodiversity is needed to maintain ecosystem functioning? Past research typically measured aboveground plant biomass production as one variable of ecosystem functioning and its dependence on plant-species richness. ...
terrestrial food webs All wet or dried up? Real differences between
... and fluxes, their relative sizes and the connections among them) is an emergent property of the supply of energy or nutrients entering the system, and the efficiencies of trophic transfer among the compartments. According to this view, apparent contrasts between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems ar ...
... and fluxes, their relative sizes and the connections among them) is an emergent property of the supply of energy or nutrients entering the system, and the efficiencies of trophic transfer among the compartments. According to this view, apparent contrasts between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems ar ...
Growth and carbon accumulation in root systems of Pinus
... secondary roots and primary roots. Secondary roots were operationally defined as roots showing an increase in diameter and continued development resulting in the formation of woody roots. Primary roots showed no increase in diameter (often < 1 mm in diameter) and remained unlignified or nonwoody. Du ...
... secondary roots and primary roots. Secondary roots were operationally defined as roots showing an increase in diameter and continued development resulting in the formation of woody roots. Primary roots showed no increase in diameter (often < 1 mm in diameter) and remained unlignified or nonwoody. Du ...
Species of plants and associated arbsucular mycorrhizalfungi
... function by simultaneously increasing nutrient-uptake benefits and decreasing net C costs for host plants. However, this hypothesis has not been sufficiently tested. We conducted three experiments to examine the impacts of CO2 enrichment on the function of different combinations of plants and arbusc ...
... function by simultaneously increasing nutrient-uptake benefits and decreasing net C costs for host plants. However, this hypothesis has not been sufficiently tested. We conducted three experiments to examine the impacts of CO2 enrichment on the function of different combinations of plants and arbusc ...
A stable isotope (d C, d N) model for the North Water food web
... International North Water Polynya Study (NOW) was to evaluate carbon and contaminant flux through these high trophic-level (TL) consumers. Crucial to an evaluation of the role of such consumers, however, was the establishment of primary trophic linkages within the North Water food web. We used d15N v ...
... International North Water Polynya Study (NOW) was to evaluate carbon and contaminant flux through these high trophic-level (TL) consumers. Crucial to an evaluation of the role of such consumers, however, was the establishment of primary trophic linkages within the North Water food web. We used d15N v ...
Ecological links between salmon, large carnivore predation, and
... of scavengers, corvids (Corvus spp.), and small and large gulls (Larus spp.) were most strongly predicted by total biomass of carcasses. In contrast, the abundance of bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus was most strongly predicted by biomass of carcasses that had been killed or scavenged by other p ...
... of scavengers, corvids (Corvus spp.), and small and large gulls (Larus spp.) were most strongly predicted by total biomass of carcasses. In contrast, the abundance of bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus was most strongly predicted by biomass of carcasses that had been killed or scavenged by other p ...
Horn polyphenism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus
... Natural history of Onthophagus taurut Onthophagus taunts is a common dung beetle originally limited to a circum-mediterranean distribution (Balthasar, 1963). 0. taunts became introduced to the United States by accident probably in the late 1960s and was first recorded in Santa Rosa County, Florida, ...
... Natural history of Onthophagus taurut Onthophagus taunts is a common dung beetle originally limited to a circum-mediterranean distribution (Balthasar, 1963). 0. taunts became introduced to the United States by accident probably in the late 1960s and was first recorded in Santa Rosa County, Florida, ...
Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the
... of plant species that are likely to benefit from the [CO2] increase in community settings. Within these categories, it is still difficult to predict which species will benefit the most. However, knowledge about ecosystem-level responses can lead to the identification of plant traits that will confer ...
... of plant species that are likely to benefit from the [CO2] increase in community settings. Within these categories, it is still difficult to predict which species will benefit the most. However, knowledge about ecosystem-level responses can lead to the identification of plant traits that will confer ...
ALTERNATIVE PREY AND THE DYNAMICS OF INTRAGUILD
... aij measures the per capita effect of species j on species i. Before presenting some results for the model in Eq. 2, it is worth remarking that alternative resources need not require additional dynamical equations. For instance, a consumer might utilize a low-quality resource whose standing crop is ...
... aij measures the per capita effect of species j on species i. Before presenting some results for the model in Eq. 2, it is worth remarking that alternative resources need not require additional dynamical equations. For instance, a consumer might utilize a low-quality resource whose standing crop is ...
pdf
... Ecosystem effects of recent changes in fishing strategies in the South Brazil Bight (SBB) area, including increasing squid catches by shrimp bottom trawlers and fishing for young sardines as bait, for the skipjack tuna pole-and-line fishery were investigated by modelling the SBB coastal ecosystem fo ...
... Ecosystem effects of recent changes in fishing strategies in the South Brazil Bight (SBB) area, including increasing squid catches by shrimp bottom trawlers and fishing for young sardines as bait, for the skipjack tuna pole-and-line fishery were investigated by modelling the SBB coastal ecosystem fo ...
Relationship of water and leaf litter variability to insects
... for each dependent variable would be related to long-term conditions within treeholes. Although this approach caused a loss of temporal information, it indicated how average conditions in available resources can be used to predict individual treehole populations and community structure. These tests ...
... for each dependent variable would be related to long-term conditions within treeholes. Although this approach caused a loss of temporal information, it indicated how average conditions in available resources can be used to predict individual treehole populations and community structure. These tests ...
Grade11-Objective3
... The diagram illustrates how some characteristics of the horse have changed over time. Along with the difference in size, what is another anatomical difference between the modern horse and its ancestors? F The structure of the tooth has been adapted for eating meat. G The size of the molars has decre ...
... The diagram illustrates how some characteristics of the horse have changed over time. Along with the difference in size, what is another anatomical difference between the modern horse and its ancestors? F The structure of the tooth has been adapted for eating meat. G The size of the molars has decre ...
DEFINITION: THE STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN
... ECOLOGY DEFINITION: THE STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BIOTIC/ ABIOTIC FACTORS. Wednesday, May 4, 16 ...
... ECOLOGY DEFINITION: THE STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BIOTIC/ ABIOTIC FACTORS. Wednesday, May 4, 16 ...
The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological
... unique taxonomic group but, rather, occurs amongst different species ranging over a variety of groups (Stoecker et al., 2009; Flynn et al., 2013). It is a common phenomenon occurring widely in marine (e.g. eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic, coastal to open-ocean systems; Pitta and Giannakourou ...
... unique taxonomic group but, rather, occurs amongst different species ranging over a variety of groups (Stoecker et al., 2009; Flynn et al., 2013). It is a common phenomenon occurring widely in marine (e.g. eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic, coastal to open-ocean systems; Pitta and Giannakourou ...
Construction and validation of food webs using logic
... species, and seeks explanations for distribution patterns in processes such as dispersal, selection and speciation (Vellend, 2010). While it can provide detailed explanations of the behaviour of the basic units of ecosystems, these explanations cannot be combined and scaled up to provide predictions ...
... species, and seeks explanations for distribution patterns in processes such as dispersal, selection and speciation (Vellend, 2010). While it can provide detailed explanations of the behaviour of the basic units of ecosystems, these explanations cannot be combined and scaled up to provide predictions ...
Year12 2007 Exam & Marking notes
... If this occurred globally it is likely to be the mass extinction separating the palaeozoic from the Mesozoic era. This was thought to occur due to the reforming of a super continent. The convergence of Ocean/Ocean and oceanic continental plates led to the formation of a large number of volcanoes on ...
... If this occurred globally it is likely to be the mass extinction separating the palaeozoic from the Mesozoic era. This was thought to occur due to the reforming of a super continent. The convergence of Ocean/Ocean and oceanic continental plates led to the formation of a large number of volcanoes on ...
A shift from exploitation to interference competition with increasing
... Ginzburg 1989); an increase in resources will result in an increase in the encounter rate. For example, imagine a population of squirrels that compete for nuts exploitatively, in that each nut eaten by a squirrel reduces the number of nuts available for other squirrels. In that case, squirrel fitnes ...
... Ginzburg 1989); an increase in resources will result in an increase in the encounter rate. For example, imagine a population of squirrels that compete for nuts exploitatively, in that each nut eaten by a squirrel reduces the number of nuts available for other squirrels. In that case, squirrel fitnes ...
Upland and Wetland Prairies in the Midwest and West Coast
... nitrophilic, whereas native prairie plants are not. Christian and Wilson (1999) found that fields dominated by the non-native grass Agropyron cristatum had lower plant diversity and root mass which may have led to less carbon in the soil than native undisturbed prairies. Non-natives may also reduce ...
... nitrophilic, whereas native prairie plants are not. Christian and Wilson (1999) found that fields dominated by the non-native grass Agropyron cristatum had lower plant diversity and root mass which may have led to less carbon in the soil than native undisturbed prairies. Non-natives may also reduce ...
Impacts of Insect Herbivory and Nitrogen Eutrophication on
... change ecology is to understand how the above- and belowground subsystems interact to determine the ultimate, ecosystem-level impact of N eutrophication and other global change drivers. In this thesis, I present controlled experiments that were carried out to explore the role of above- and belowgrou ...
... change ecology is to understand how the above- and belowground subsystems interact to determine the ultimate, ecosystem-level impact of N eutrophication and other global change drivers. In this thesis, I present controlled experiments that were carried out to explore the role of above- and belowgrou ...
Abstract Effects of Nutrient Availability and Disturbance on the
... stability of the water surface. Species diversity was the highest at the intermediate level, supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (Floder and Ulrich 1999). When other factors, such as plant productivity and nutrient addition, interact with disturbance, the effects on diversity can dev ...
... stability of the water surface. Species diversity was the highest at the intermediate level, supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (Floder and Ulrich 1999). When other factors, such as plant productivity and nutrient addition, interact with disturbance, the effects on diversity can dev ...
Ten Steps to Responsible Inland Fisheries
... Inland fish2 and their fisheries serve important nutritional, economic, cultural, and recreational roles and are key components of sustainable ecosystem function throughout the world. Particularly in developing countries, inland fisheries are a vital source of protein, essential fatty acids, mineral ...
... Inland fish2 and their fisheries serve important nutritional, economic, cultural, and recreational roles and are key components of sustainable ecosystem function throughout the world. Particularly in developing countries, inland fisheries are a vital source of protein, essential fatty acids, mineral ...
Trophic promiscuity, intraguild predation and the problem of omnivores
... I mentioned earlier that omnivory is apparently much more common than we once thought. Why should omnivory be common in nature? Omnivores are an interesting form of dietary generalists, extending their dietary breadth beyond their own trophic level to encompass prey items at additional trophic level ...
... I mentioned earlier that omnivory is apparently much more common than we once thought. Why should omnivory be common in nature? Omnivores are an interesting form of dietary generalists, extending their dietary breadth beyond their own trophic level to encompass prey items at additional trophic level ...