Stoichiometric Constraints on Resource Use
... parameter in this theory. Determining this parameter for the various resources and species involved allows one to predict which species will persist under given resource supplies and which species will replace others along a resource gradient (Tilman 1980). Microbial decomposers share with plants th ...
... parameter in this theory. Determining this parameter for the various resources and species involved allows one to predict which species will persist under given resource supplies and which species will replace others along a resource gradient (Tilman 1980). Microbial decomposers share with plants th ...
Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities
... Apparent competition: a food-web event in which two or more cooccurring prey populations share a common predator and thus experience linked population dynamics via greater predation pressure than they would if the predator fed on only one of the prey. Assimilation efficiency: the proportion of a pre ...
... Apparent competition: a food-web event in which two or more cooccurring prey populations share a common predator and thus experience linked population dynamics via greater predation pressure than they would if the predator fed on only one of the prey. Assimilation efficiency: the proportion of a pre ...
8_Biology_SBCGPU 2013-02-15F - San Benito County General
... Potential impacts related to biological resources were determined by comparing potential project scenarios to the existing environment using thresholds adopted by local agencies. These were then compiled and analyzed based on California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) assessment criteria. In this c ...
... Potential impacts related to biological resources were determined by comparing potential project scenarios to the existing environment using thresholds adopted by local agencies. These were then compiled and analyzed based on California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) assessment criteria. In this c ...
Predicting Changes in Community Composition and Ecosystem
... this concept of plant functional classification. A conceptual framework and methods have been developed to predict changes in ecosystem processes such as biogeochemical cycling by considering the role of plant traits in ecosystem structure and processes. Initial conceptual and large-scalevegetation ...
... this concept of plant functional classification. A conceptual framework and methods have been developed to predict changes in ecosystem processes such as biogeochemical cycling by considering the role of plant traits in ecosystem structure and processes. Initial conceptual and large-scalevegetation ...
Literature review and experimental design - Murray
... die off (MDBA in prep.). Standard condition assessment protocols have not been developed for other tree species occurring at TLM Icon Sites. ‘Recruitment’ refers here to the completion by an individual tree of all of the growth stages, from germination through to reproductive maturity. ...
... die off (MDBA in prep.). Standard condition assessment protocols have not been developed for other tree species occurring at TLM Icon Sites. ‘Recruitment’ refers here to the completion by an individual tree of all of the growth stages, from germination through to reproductive maturity. ...
Slide 1
... of the web and the stability of the entire ecosystem. Ecosystems have a way to balance changes so that up and down fluctuations are part of the natural balance of the whole. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy ...
... of the web and the stability of the entire ecosystem. Ecosystems have a way to balance changes so that up and down fluctuations are part of the natural balance of the whole. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy ...
Differences in fish-assemblage structure between fished and
... upwelling) from uninhabited, presently unfished, and oligotrophic Kingman to relatively densely populated, fished, and equatorially upwelled Kiritimati. Major findings are most consistent with direct effects of extraction on large-bodied predators and indirect effects on lower-level assemblage struc ...
... upwelling) from uninhabited, presently unfished, and oligotrophic Kingman to relatively densely populated, fished, and equatorially upwelled Kiritimati. Major findings are most consistent with direct effects of extraction on large-bodied predators and indirect effects on lower-level assemblage struc ...
Hawk strategy
... Asymmetries in contests In the basic hawk-dove model All animals value the contested resource to the same extent All individuals have the same ability to fight In real life, rivals are rarely true equals Contests are usually asymmetric Inequalities (asymmetries) are grouped into categor ...
... Asymmetries in contests In the basic hawk-dove model All animals value the contested resource to the same extent All individuals have the same ability to fight In real life, rivals are rarely true equals Contests are usually asymmetric Inequalities (asymmetries) are grouped into categor ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem services: does species diversity
... There is still a lot of criticism e.g. on the scientific concepts of this functional perspective. For example, there is the important premise that a higher biodiversity would result in a better fulfilment of ecosystem services. That is at least contra-intuitive for the ecosystem service ‘production ...
... There is still a lot of criticism e.g. on the scientific concepts of this functional perspective. For example, there is the important premise that a higher biodiversity would result in a better fulfilment of ecosystem services. That is at least contra-intuitive for the ecosystem service ‘production ...
Food Web Stability: The Influence of Trophic Flows across Habitats
... the debate over whether food webs are controlled top down or bottom up has continued. Hairston et al. (1960) argued that control of food webs is top down. This results in trophic cascades that are typified by increases in biomass of an odd number of trophic levels in odd-numbered food chains or incr ...
... the debate over whether food webs are controlled top down or bottom up has continued. Hairston et al. (1960) argued that control of food webs is top down. This results in trophic cascades that are typified by increases in biomass of an odd number of trophic levels in odd-numbered food chains or incr ...
Relationships between soil fungal and woody plant assemblages
... lack of resemblance of plant and microbial diversities along altitudinal gradients suggests that the relationships between plant and microbial assemblages vary among habitat types. In forested ecosystems, various habitat types have frequently been demonstrated to be defined by topographic features s ...
... lack of resemblance of plant and microbial diversities along altitudinal gradients suggests that the relationships between plant and microbial assemblages vary among habitat types. In forested ecosystems, various habitat types have frequently been demonstrated to be defined by topographic features s ...
Relationships between soil fungal and woody plant assemblages
... lack of resemblance of plant and microbial diversities along altitudinal gradients suggests that the relationships between plant and microbial assemblages vary among habitat types. In forested ecosystems, various habitat types have frequently been demonstrated to be defined by topographic features s ...
... lack of resemblance of plant and microbial diversities along altitudinal gradients suggests that the relationships between plant and microbial assemblages vary among habitat types. In forested ecosystems, various habitat types have frequently been demonstrated to be defined by topographic features s ...
symbiotic mediators of rhizosphere and ecosystem processes
... scale within individual plant rhizospheres, not at the hectare scale within grassland swards. Furthermore, this work provides solid experimental support for the hypothesis that ecotypes of plants and mycorrhizal fungi co-adapt to one another and to their local soil environment (Figure 3a), and this ...
... scale within individual plant rhizospheres, not at the hectare scale within grassland swards. Furthermore, this work provides solid experimental support for the hypothesis that ecotypes of plants and mycorrhizal fungi co-adapt to one another and to their local soil environment (Figure 3a), and this ...
When natural habitat fails to enhance biological pest control
... scales, not just the amount of natural habitat, is a major determinant of biodiversity in agriculture (Benton et al., 2003; Schellhorn et al., 2015; but see Batáry et al., 2011). Heterogeneous landscapes with a diversity of, often intermingled, habitat types generally increase biodiversity and the s ...
... scales, not just the amount of natural habitat, is a major determinant of biodiversity in agriculture (Benton et al., 2003; Schellhorn et al., 2015; but see Batáry et al., 2011). Heterogeneous landscapes with a diversity of, often intermingled, habitat types generally increase biodiversity and the s ...
Moose and snowshoe hare competition and a
... allopatric twig consumptions by moose and hare were correlated with the twig production/plant. There was no difficulty in finding areas on Isle Royale where moose were naturally allopatric, because it appeared that certain sites did not have hare or they were at such low numbers as to be nonexistent ...
... allopatric twig consumptions by moose and hare were correlated with the twig production/plant. There was no difficulty in finding areas on Isle Royale where moose were naturally allopatric, because it appeared that certain sites did not have hare or they were at such low numbers as to be nonexistent ...
Synthesis: comparing effects of resource and consumer fluxes into
... effects. Indirect effects of prey and predator fluxes quickly attenuated while indirect effects of non-prey resource and herbivore fluxes did not, as the overall direct effects of prey and predator fluxes were 123% and 163% stronger than their indirect effects, respectively. This result suggests tha ...
... effects. Indirect effects of prey and predator fluxes quickly attenuated while indirect effects of non-prey resource and herbivore fluxes did not, as the overall direct effects of prey and predator fluxes were 123% and 163% stronger than their indirect effects, respectively. This result suggests tha ...
Is there a relationship between herbaceous species richness and
... Cenchrus ciliaris is a summer-growing, deep-rooted, perennial tussock grass (Paull & Lee 1978). It is one of the most important pasture introductions in arid and semiarid Australia. It is very drought tolerant and responds more rapidly to rain than other species. It can withstand heavy grazing once ...
... Cenchrus ciliaris is a summer-growing, deep-rooted, perennial tussock grass (Paull & Lee 1978). It is one of the most important pasture introductions in arid and semiarid Australia. It is very drought tolerant and responds more rapidly to rain than other species. It can withstand heavy grazing once ...
Examining food webs and trophic dynamics across a stream
... endangered species), and five distinct types of web-spinning caddisfly. The third trophic level comprised mainly of predaceous insects, such as those in the Odonata and Megaloptera family, as well as several species of insectivorous fish, such as the four spined-stickleback, pumpkinseed, and white ...
... endangered species), and five distinct types of web-spinning caddisfly. The third trophic level comprised mainly of predaceous insects, such as those in the Odonata and Megaloptera family, as well as several species of insectivorous fish, such as the four spined-stickleback, pumpkinseed, and white ...
linking fungal diversity and community dynamics to terrestrial
... also indicated an inverse relationship between fungal biomass and pH (Bååth & Anderson, 2003; Fierer et al., 2009). However, this inverse relationship may be due to covariation of organic matter accumulation and pH. In addition, other fungal functional groups, in particular ericoid mycorrhizal and ...
... also indicated an inverse relationship between fungal biomass and pH (Bååth & Anderson, 2003; Fierer et al., 2009). However, this inverse relationship may be due to covariation of organic matter accumulation and pH. In addition, other fungal functional groups, in particular ericoid mycorrhizal and ...
Questions for Chapter 55 – Dynamics of Ecosystems
... Answer—As Figure 57.17 suggests, trophic structure and dynamics are interrelated and are primary determinants of ecosystem characteristics and behavior. For example, if a particularly abundant herbivore is threatened, energy that is abundant at the level of primary productivity in an ecosystem may ...
... Answer—As Figure 57.17 suggests, trophic structure and dynamics are interrelated and are primary determinants of ecosystem characteristics and behavior. For example, if a particularly abundant herbivore is threatened, energy that is abundant at the level of primary productivity in an ecosystem may ...
Teachers` notes
... endangered birds are associated with heathlands, including nightjars. Some heathland birds are ground nesting and it would be best to avoid carrying out field trips to a site if birds are nesting there. Disturbance could result in them abandoning their nest. What’s threatening this rare habitat? Hea ...
... endangered birds are associated with heathlands, including nightjars. Some heathland birds are ground nesting and it would be best to avoid carrying out field trips to a site if birds are nesting there. Disturbance could result in them abandoning their nest. What’s threatening this rare habitat? Hea ...
Environmental Watering for Tree Species in The Living Murray Icon
... epicormic growth and leaf die off (MDBA in prep.). Standard condition assessment protocols have not been developed for other tree species occurring at TLM icon sites. ‘Recruitment’ refers here to the completion by an individual tree of all of the growth stages, from germination through to reproducti ...
... epicormic growth and leaf die off (MDBA in prep.). Standard condition assessment protocols have not been developed for other tree species occurring at TLM icon sites. ‘Recruitment’ refers here to the completion by an individual tree of all of the growth stages, from germination through to reproducti ...
Ecological Risk Assessment of Non
... Exotic Earthworms in Unglaciated Portions of North America Little is known regarding North American native earthworm abundance and distribution (James, 1995). Distributional studies done south of the Quaternary glaciation show native and exotic earthworms coexisting (Dotson and Kalisz, 1989). A stud ...
... Exotic Earthworms in Unglaciated Portions of North America Little is known regarding North American native earthworm abundance and distribution (James, 1995). Distributional studies done south of the Quaternary glaciation show native and exotic earthworms coexisting (Dotson and Kalisz, 1989). A stud ...
COMPOSTING Duane Friend Educator in Environmental Stewardship and Energy
... Multi-year study on irrigated plots east of Havana, Illinois in Mason County (sandy soils). Annually applied rates of 10 and 20 dry tons per acre of compost to plots over a four-year period -- Soil tests were conducted each year to see whether there were any changes in organic matter content, cation ...
... Multi-year study on irrigated plots east of Havana, Illinois in Mason County (sandy soils). Annually applied rates of 10 and 20 dry tons per acre of compost to plots over a four-year period -- Soil tests were conducted each year to see whether there were any changes in organic matter content, cation ...
The influence of soil type, congeneric cues, and
... All organisms require habitats or behaviors that facilitate feeding, reproduction, and use of refugia. Burrowing into benthic or terrestrial substrates is one such adaptation used by many crayfishes. Most, if not all, crayfishes are capable of burrowing to some degree (Hobbs 1981, Berrill and Chenow ...
... All organisms require habitats or behaviors that facilitate feeding, reproduction, and use of refugia. Burrowing into benthic or terrestrial substrates is one such adaptation used by many crayfishes. Most, if not all, crayfishes are capable of burrowing to some degree (Hobbs 1981, Berrill and Chenow ...