Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged
... linked to animal density, disturbance and vegetation structure, and site productivity. Many ecosystems have more than one ungulate species; however, few studies have specifically examined the combined effects of two or more species on plant communities. We examined the extent to which two ungulate b ...
... linked to animal density, disturbance and vegetation structure, and site productivity. Many ecosystems have more than one ungulate species; however, few studies have specifically examined the combined effects of two or more species on plant communities. We examined the extent to which two ungulate b ...
Effects of climate on deer bone S15N and 613C
... b “N should be viewed as dependent, in a simple manner, on the mass balance between dietary inputs and excretory outputs of nitrogen with increases in tissue 615N primarily due to increased outputs of 15N-depleted urea, such as during water stress. This view contrasts with empirical observations of ...
... b “N should be viewed as dependent, in a simple manner, on the mass balance between dietary inputs and excretory outputs of nitrogen with increases in tissue 615N primarily due to increased outputs of 15N-depleted urea, such as during water stress. This view contrasts with empirical observations of ...
Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA plants (CAC/GL 45-2003, annex III adopted in 2008)
... 23. A comprehensive description of the host plant should be provided. The necessary data and information should include, but need not be restricted to: A) common or usual name; scientific name; and, taxonomic classification; B) history of cultivation and development through breeding, in particular i ...
... 23. A comprehensive description of the host plant should be provided. The necessary data and information should include, but need not be restricted to: A) common or usual name; scientific name; and, taxonomic classification; B) history of cultivation and development through breeding, in particular i ...
Understanding Our Environment
... precipitation in the winter, thus grasses do not grow as tall as those of Midwestern prairies. Stern - Introductory Plant Biology: 9th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
... precipitation in the winter, thus grasses do not grow as tall as those of Midwestern prairies. Stern - Introductory Plant Biology: 9th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
The Net Libram of Athasian Ecology
... such thick jungle, not just minerals in the soils. Nature tends not to waste, because any waste becomes a niche available for colonization by a variant of a species. The concept of niche is important. A simple field might seem to be one niche, but could actually be composed of hundreds of niches. Wh ...
... such thick jungle, not just minerals in the soils. Nature tends not to waste, because any waste becomes a niche available for colonization by a variant of a species. The concept of niche is important. A simple field might seem to be one niche, but could actually be composed of hundreds of niches. Wh ...
Monitoring protocol for the temporary pond (3170*) plant communities
... The assessment of the structures and functions of temporary pond communities includes monitoring of important abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors are related to hydrology (water depth, duration of wet and dry ecophase) and hydrogeochemistry and are ideally coupled with meteorological data ma ...
... The assessment of the structures and functions of temporary pond communities includes monitoring of important abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors are related to hydrology (water depth, duration of wet and dry ecophase) and hydrogeochemistry and are ideally coupled with meteorological data ma ...
C - Maths, NUS
... 2 /(ac)½. This oscillation period is independent of initial conditions. The predator and prey populations are out of phase by one-quarter of a cycle. The prey leads and the predator lags. The amplitudes of oscillations are Kc/ for the prey, and (c/a)½Ka/ for the predator, and hence depend on init ...
... 2 /(ac)½. This oscillation period is independent of initial conditions. The predator and prey populations are out of phase by one-quarter of a cycle. The prey leads and the predator lags. The amplitudes of oscillations are Kc/ for the prey, and (c/a)½Ka/ for the predator, and hence depend on init ...
2010btb
... experiment to determine whether a ring of traps placed around F. neowawraea could reduce attack rates relative to a control group. Post-treatment results were mixed. While those trees receiving traps had a consistently lower rate of attack compared to the controls, these differences were not signifi ...
... experiment to determine whether a ring of traps placed around F. neowawraea could reduce attack rates relative to a control group. Post-treatment results were mixed. While those trees receiving traps had a consistently lower rate of attack compared to the controls, these differences were not signifi ...
Notes on the feeding behavior of Teratocoris saundersi (Hemiptera
... Mirids also exhibit great trophic diversity. Many species are opportunists that feed along a continuum between the extremes of strict phytophagy and strict zoophagy. Such species can be characterized as phyto-zoophages or zoo-phytophages, with their use of plant and animal matter depending on factor ...
... Mirids also exhibit great trophic diversity. Many species are opportunists that feed along a continuum between the extremes of strict phytophagy and strict zoophagy. Such species can be characterized as phyto-zoophages or zoo-phytophages, with their use of plant and animal matter depending on factor ...
Biological stoichiometry of plant production: metabolism, scaling and
... C : N : P ratios in ecological settings are simply a result of local physiological adjustment of extant species to local nutrient supplies, or whether they reflect species’ turnover of taxa differing in some kind of taxon- and ⁄ or size-dependent C : N : P stoichiometric signature. Classic data for ...
... C : N : P ratios in ecological settings are simply a result of local physiological adjustment of extant species to local nutrient supplies, or whether they reflect species’ turnover of taxa differing in some kind of taxon- and ⁄ or size-dependent C : N : P stoichiometric signature. Classic data for ...
Review populations, elucidating how changes in fitness affect
... noncarnivory to carnivory in habitats with few nutrients and abundant light. However, many carnivorous plants, including pitcher plants and bladderworts, produce leaves that photosynthesize but do not capture prey, or produce traps that photosynthesize little or not at all. Plants with nonphotosynth ...
... noncarnivory to carnivory in habitats with few nutrients and abundant light. However, many carnivorous plants, including pitcher plants and bladderworts, produce leaves that photosynthesize but do not capture prey, or produce traps that photosynthesize little or not at all. Plants with nonphotosynth ...
Soil nutrient status determines how elephant utilize trees and shape
... surrounding the experiment were of randomly encountered solitary adult bulls or bulls in small bachelor groups. All data were collected during the wet season of 2006 and were spatially and temporally independent as only one paired sample was collected at each sighting of a particular elephant, or gr ...
... surrounding the experiment were of randomly encountered solitary adult bulls or bulls in small bachelor groups. All data were collected during the wet season of 2006 and were spatially and temporally independent as only one paired sample was collected at each sighting of a particular elephant, or gr ...
Does natural selection organize ecosystems for the maintenance of
... Reducing tropical forest to fragments separated by pasture, farmland or reservoir water lowers the diversity of plants and animals in the fragments, and impairs the function of their ecosystems (Lovejoy et al. 1986; Leigh et al. 1993; Terborgh et al. 1997; Laurance et al. 1998). Trees on fragment ed ...
... Reducing tropical forest to fragments separated by pasture, farmland or reservoir water lowers the diversity of plants and animals in the fragments, and impairs the function of their ecosystems (Lovejoy et al. 1986; Leigh et al. 1993; Terborgh et al. 1997; Laurance et al. 1998). Trees on fragment ed ...
redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus L.
... this species. Illness or death can result when animals ingest plants with high nitrate concentrations (Walsh 1993, Herbarium of the University of Georgia 2002, Costea et al. 2004). Wind-borne pollen can cause allergic reactions in people. Domestic herbivores are known to consume young plants, and in ...
... this species. Illness or death can result when animals ingest plants with high nitrate concentrations (Walsh 1993, Herbarium of the University of Georgia 2002, Costea et al. 2004). Wind-borne pollen can cause allergic reactions in people. Domestic herbivores are known to consume young plants, and in ...
Predicting and Detecting Reciprocity between Indirect Ecological
... We argue that each example represents a case in which a single organism can, via its impact on an ecosystem, change the kind of selection that it and other organisms in the ecosystem experience. When viewed in this way, each of these examples represents a potential case in which Pimentel’s vision of ...
... We argue that each example represents a case in which a single organism can, via its impact on an ecosystem, change the kind of selection that it and other organisms in the ecosystem experience. When viewed in this way, each of these examples represents a potential case in which Pimentel’s vision of ...
Herbivore
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A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.