Below-ground resources limit seedling growth in forest understories
... both light and soil resources [26, 27, 48]. In a controlled experiment, shade intolerant species survived better in deep shade under higher than lower nutrient availability [50]. In contrast, shade tolerant species, which survived better than the intolerants in any case, were unaffected by variation ...
... both light and soil resources [26, 27, 48]. In a controlled experiment, shade intolerant species survived better in deep shade under higher than lower nutrient availability [50]. In contrast, shade tolerant species, which survived better than the intolerants in any case, were unaffected by variation ...
Soil content and structure • Soil analysis and
... guards against water loss in plants by strengthening stalks increase available nutrient levels. The level of organic matter (humus) will affect the and stems, whilst enhancing fruit/flower size, flavour/smell, availability of nutrients in a soil. The regular addition texture and development. Deficie ...
... guards against water loss in plants by strengthening stalks increase available nutrient levels. The level of organic matter (humus) will affect the and stems, whilst enhancing fruit/flower size, flavour/smell, availability of nutrients in a soil. The regular addition texture and development. Deficie ...
Root Dynamics of Cultivar and NonCultivar Population
... architecture than non-cultivars due to selection for greater growth rates that would require larger fine root networks to capture more resources and support higher aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Specifically, we predicted that larger fine root networks would increase the capacity of cu ...
... architecture than non-cultivars due to selection for greater growth rates that would require larger fine root networks to capture more resources and support higher aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Specifically, we predicted that larger fine root networks would increase the capacity of cu ...
Comparison of snail density, standing stock, and body size between
... the text, and figures. In addition, we recorded specific information from each study to facilitate ecosystem comparisons and assess sampling methods among ecosystems. We documented the year of publication, the type and location of each ecosystem within a study, the number of sites sampled in each ec ...
... the text, and figures. In addition, we recorded specific information from each study to facilitate ecosystem comparisons and assess sampling methods among ecosystems. We documented the year of publication, the type and location of each ecosystem within a study, the number of sites sampled in each ec ...
3 - ICFCST
... There exist ecosystems, in which outbreaks of PPs have never been recorded. As to insect herbivores, it has been noted by Ch.S. Elton (1958, Ch. 8), and F. Schneider (1939, cited in D. Pimental (1961a). These reports concern the tropical rain forests, i.e. for the conditions of hot and wet climate, ...
... There exist ecosystems, in which outbreaks of PPs have never been recorded. As to insect herbivores, it has been noted by Ch.S. Elton (1958, Ch. 8), and F. Schneider (1939, cited in D. Pimental (1961a). These reports concern the tropical rain forests, i.e. for the conditions of hot and wet climate, ...
Effect of Degraded Ecosystem on Fish Biodiversity in the Old
... Effect Of Degraded Ecosystem On Fish Biodiversity In The Old Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh… encroachment, siltation, weed infestation and pollution. They also studied on the concept, significance, and conservation of aquatic biodiversity and reported that threats to aquatic biodiversity are changes ...
... Effect Of Degraded Ecosystem On Fish Biodiversity In The Old Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh… encroachment, siltation, weed infestation and pollution. They also studied on the concept, significance, and conservation of aquatic biodiversity and reported that threats to aquatic biodiversity are changes ...
(2015). Sustainable Oceans Lab
... By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on thre ...
... By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on thre ...
Summary 10 done
... could result from the history of farming on the land, the naturally sandy soil, or both. The lack of nutrients is related to its composition, but its cause is not exactly known. ...
... could result from the history of farming on the land, the naturally sandy soil, or both. The lack of nutrients is related to its composition, but its cause is not exactly known. ...
Components and Properties of Soil
... A soil type that contains all three particle sizes. The most productive soil for farming crops Has good water holding capacity (from clay) ...
... A soil type that contains all three particle sizes. The most productive soil for farming crops Has good water holding capacity (from clay) ...
Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility FORUM
... Moreover, whereas all previous theories of ecosystem invasibility have been qualitative in nature, the ¯uctuating resource availability theory is explicitly quantitative. As shown in the graphical model (Fig. 1), the units of the x- and y-axes are the same (amount of resources), thereby permitting ...
... Moreover, whereas all previous theories of ecosystem invasibility have been qualitative in nature, the ¯uctuating resource availability theory is explicitly quantitative. As shown in the graphical model (Fig. 1), the units of the x- and y-axes are the same (amount of resources), thereby permitting ...
Novel ecosystems in the Anthropocene
... The never-before-seen species composition is a readily observable demonstration of what makes a novel ecosystem distinctive, regardless of whether individual species are the drivers or the passengers of change (MacDougall and Turkington 2005). We consider a species composition to be unique if the co ...
... The never-before-seen species composition is a readily observable demonstration of what makes a novel ecosystem distinctive, regardless of whether individual species are the drivers or the passengers of change (MacDougall and Turkington 2005). We consider a species composition to be unique if the co ...
Soil Testing Lab
... 2. What is the best type of soil for plant growth? Test 2: Water Infiltration (percolation rate). The infiltration and retention of water in soil are also important to plant growing capacity of soil. Soils with low infiltration are more likely to have high runoff after rain and the potential for flo ...
... 2. What is the best type of soil for plant growth? Test 2: Water Infiltration (percolation rate). The infiltration and retention of water in soil are also important to plant growing capacity of soil. Soils with low infiltration are more likely to have high runoff after rain and the potential for flo ...
Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry: insights for population
... in elemental composition) at these interfaces can constrain processes across many levels of ecological organization: individual growth (Elser et al. 1996, Stelzer and Lamberti 2002); population growth (Urabe and Sterner 1996), community dynamics such as trophic transfer and species coexistence (Urab ...
... in elemental composition) at these interfaces can constrain processes across many levels of ecological organization: individual growth (Elser et al. 1996, Stelzer and Lamberti 2002); population growth (Urabe and Sterner 1996), community dynamics such as trophic transfer and species coexistence (Urab ...
Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry: insights for population
... in elemental composition) at these interfaces can constrain processes across many levels of ecological organization: individual growth (Elser et al. 1996, Stelzer and Lamberti 2002); population growth (Urabe and Sterner 1996), community dynamics such as trophic transfer and species coexistence (Urab ...
... in elemental composition) at these interfaces can constrain processes across many levels of ecological organization: individual growth (Elser et al. 1996, Stelzer and Lamberti 2002); population growth (Urabe and Sterner 1996), community dynamics such as trophic transfer and species coexistence (Urab ...
Landscape Ecology and Natural Disturbances
... landscape unevenly. Natural disturbances (and those created by human action) can promote plant and animal diversity by influencing the species composition, age, edge characteristics, and distribution of stands across the landscape. Because disturbance regimes can be variable, resulting successional p ...
... landscape unevenly. Natural disturbances (and those created by human action) can promote plant and animal diversity by influencing the species composition, age, edge characteristics, and distribution of stands across the landscape. Because disturbance regimes can be variable, resulting successional p ...
111 - CREAF
... 2004), usually in phytoplankton (Ho et al. 2003; Klausmeier et al. 2008), subsequently supported these results. Despite generations of biochemists and physiologists reporting the plasticity of the elemental composition of marine phytoplankton in the field and in laboratory cultures (Hecky et al. 199 ...
... 2004), usually in phytoplankton (Ho et al. 2003; Klausmeier et al. 2008), subsequently supported these results. Despite generations of biochemists and physiologists reporting the plasticity of the elemental composition of marine phytoplankton in the field and in laboratory cultures (Hecky et al. 199 ...
Crop Protection Research Institute PESTICIDE USE AND
... Much recent research has documented the benefits of shade-grown coffee for arthropod, bird, and mammal conservation [97].However, even the most diverse rustic shade farms are highly modified compared to natural forest; tropical forest specialists are often missing. For example, one study found only ...
... Much recent research has documented the benefits of shade-grown coffee for arthropod, bird, and mammal conservation [97].However, even the most diverse rustic shade farms are highly modified compared to natural forest; tropical forest specialists are often missing. For example, one study found only ...
Microfaunal Interactions in the Rhizosphere
... increased fluxes of N from the clover being recycled and taken up by the ryegrass. The direct effects of microbial-feeding nematodes and protozoa in the rhizosphere are to effectively recycle nutrients that would otherwise remain immobilized in the microbial biomass. Quantitatively however, this onl ...
... increased fluxes of N from the clover being recycled and taken up by the ryegrass. The direct effects of microbial-feeding nematodes and protozoa in the rhizosphere are to effectively recycle nutrients that would otherwise remain immobilized in the microbial biomass. Quantitatively however, this onl ...
Ecosystem Functions of Tidal Fresh, Brackish, and Salt Marshes on
... salinities (up to 35 PSU) were observed at saline sites, followed by brackish (up to 21 PSU) and fresh sites (usually less than 1 but occasionally up to 2 PSU). We measured water column salinities in the other two estuaries once a month in July, August, and October 2006 and in July 2008 when we visi ...
... salinities (up to 35 PSU) were observed at saline sites, followed by brackish (up to 21 PSU) and fresh sites (usually less than 1 but occasionally up to 2 PSU). We measured water column salinities in the other two estuaries once a month in July, August, and October 2006 and in July 2008 when we visi ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment Comment
... All climate envelope modelling suggests more species will be negatively affected than will be positively affected in terms of available climate space. This does not take into account availability of habitat etc, therefore this is clearly a negative impact. The modelling studies are filled with c ...
... All climate envelope modelling suggests more species will be negatively affected than will be positively affected in terms of available climate space. This does not take into account availability of habitat etc, therefore this is clearly a negative impact. The modelling studies are filled with c ...
Ecosystem Functions of Tidal Fresh, Brackish, and Salt Marshes on
... salinities (up to 35 PSU) were observed at saline sites, followed by brackish (up to 21 PSU) and fresh sites (usually less than 1 but occasionally up to 2 PSU). We measured water column salinities in the other two estuaries once a month in July, August, and October 2006 and in July 2008 when we visi ...
... salinities (up to 35 PSU) were observed at saline sites, followed by brackish (up to 21 PSU) and fresh sites (usually less than 1 but occasionally up to 2 PSU). We measured water column salinities in the other two estuaries once a month in July, August, and October 2006 and in July 2008 when we visi ...
Sustainable Agriculturae; Technology, Planning and Management
... metabolism is important to clarify the beneficial effects of these bacteria on plant growth. The large number of mechanisms involved may be the reason by which B. subtilis has been assessed in large spectrum of plants under different conditions (Kilian, 2000). Most recent results suggest that the pr ...
... metabolism is important to clarify the beneficial effects of these bacteria on plant growth. The large number of mechanisms involved may be the reason by which B. subtilis has been assessed in large spectrum of plants under different conditions (Kilian, 2000). Most recent results suggest that the pr ...
Species tolerance
... • Animals interact with biotic and abiotic factors in ways which shape their survival and distributions • Biomes are delineated by abiotic factors, but biotic factors play a role too. • Biomes are described by plant communities which are ‘controlled’ by temperature and precipitation • Oceans are dif ...
... • Animals interact with biotic and abiotic factors in ways which shape their survival and distributions • Biomes are delineated by abiotic factors, but biotic factors play a role too. • Biomes are described by plant communities which are ‘controlled’ by temperature and precipitation • Oceans are dif ...
A generic approach to integrate biodiversity considerations in
... biophysical changes occur and one has to know the use that society makes use of these functions (including people’s perception of these functions). Outside experts will be capable of defining most functions of known ecosystems or land-use types. Yet, whether these functions are actually valued by so ...
... biophysical changes occur and one has to know the use that society makes use of these functions (including people’s perception of these functions). Outside experts will be capable of defining most functions of known ecosystems or land-use types. Yet, whether these functions are actually valued by so ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.