Ecosystem Goods and Services
... milestone, highlighting the dependence of human well-being on ecosystems, and stressed the need to better describe, quantify and value (ecologically, culturally and economically) the importance and benefits of the goods and services provided by ecosystems and biodiversity. Such Workshops, as Salzau, ...
... milestone, highlighting the dependence of human well-being on ecosystems, and stressed the need to better describe, quantify and value (ecologically, culturally and economically) the importance and benefits of the goods and services provided by ecosystems and biodiversity. Such Workshops, as Salzau, ...
Limits on ecosystem trophic complexity: insights from ecological
... the recent compilation by Moore & de Ruiter (2012) reveals some food chains of length 9. In fact, Bondavalli & Ulanowicz (1999) have identified feeding pathways as long as 12 in the Florida Bay ecosystem. However, many consumers above the second trophic level are omnivorous and cannot be assigned un ...
... the recent compilation by Moore & de Ruiter (2012) reveals some food chains of length 9. In fact, Bondavalli & Ulanowicz (1999) have identified feeding pathways as long as 12 in the Florida Bay ecosystem. However, many consumers above the second trophic level are omnivorous and cannot be assigned un ...
Limits on ecosystem trophic complexity: insights from
... the recent compilation by Moore & de Ruiter (2012) reveals some food chains of length 9. In fact, Bondavalli & Ulanowicz (1999) have identified feeding pathways as long as 12 in the Florida Bay ecosystem. However, many consumers above the second trophic level are omnivorous and cannot be assigned un ...
... the recent compilation by Moore & de Ruiter (2012) reveals some food chains of length 9. In fact, Bondavalli & Ulanowicz (1999) have identified feeding pathways as long as 12 in the Florida Bay ecosystem. However, many consumers above the second trophic level are omnivorous and cannot be assigned un ...
Interactions among mycorrhizae, atmospheric CO R E P O R T
... Both CO2 enrichment and mycorrhizae can indirectly influence soil moisture via effects on stomatal conductance. Soil moisture can increase under elevated atmospheric CO2 because of the commonly observed reduction in stomatal conductance, particularly in C3 species (Field et al. 1995). The increased ...
... Both CO2 enrichment and mycorrhizae can indirectly influence soil moisture via effects on stomatal conductance. Soil moisture can increase under elevated atmospheric CO2 because of the commonly observed reduction in stomatal conductance, particularly in C3 species (Field et al. 1995). The increased ...
Section 1.1 Silence of the Frogs
... Disappearing Frogs Ecosystems do not only operate in simple food chains! Food webs represent more complicated feeding relationships in ecosystems There are other things that feed off the same insects as frogs. They would have more food once frogs are gone. ...
... Disappearing Frogs Ecosystems do not only operate in simple food chains! Food webs represent more complicated feeding relationships in ecosystems There are other things that feed off the same insects as frogs. They would have more food once frogs are gone. ...
Ecology
... Trophic cascades have been described mostly in aquatic ecosystems, and are most often associated with a change in abundance of a top predator. Omnivory in food webs may act to buffer the effects of trophic cascades. ...
... Trophic cascades have been described mostly in aquatic ecosystems, and are most often associated with a change in abundance of a top predator. Omnivory in food webs may act to buffer the effects of trophic cascades. ...
Role of niche restrictions and dispersal in the composition of
... 1 Metacommunity and neutral theory have reinvigorated the study of ‘niches’ and have emphasized the importance of understanding the influences of competition, abiotic factors and regional spatial processes in shaping communities. 2 We conducted a field survey to examine the effects of soil character ...
... 1 Metacommunity and neutral theory have reinvigorated the study of ‘niches’ and have emphasized the importance of understanding the influences of competition, abiotic factors and regional spatial processes in shaping communities. 2 We conducted a field survey to examine the effects of soil character ...
Marine Ecology
... Background:4/4 Marine productivity is largely controlled by nutrient availabilities and processes that retain them in the ocean environment. New inputs of micronutrients such as iron have been proven to have effects on the overall photosynthetic abilities of phytoplankton. In the Atlantic Ocean peri ...
... Background:4/4 Marine productivity is largely controlled by nutrient availabilities and processes that retain them in the ocean environment. New inputs of micronutrients such as iron have been proven to have effects on the overall photosynthetic abilities of phytoplankton. In the Atlantic Ocean peri ...
Preparation and submission of extended ab
... tractor pulling the weeder, was the main cause of either soil damage or of compaction sufficient to restrict root penetration. The tracks between the beds of carrots tended to widen with use causing some deformation of the carrots growing at the edge of the beds. This also resulted in up to 25% of t ...
... tractor pulling the weeder, was the main cause of either soil damage or of compaction sufficient to restrict root penetration. The tracks between the beds of carrots tended to widen with use causing some deformation of the carrots growing at the edge of the beds. This also resulted in up to 25% of t ...
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
... of terrestrial climate change. I do not believe that Padisák has made a case that disturbance even occurs in phytoplankton communities. Because the generation time is so short, most environmental impacts on plankton are, to use Padisák’s own arguments on time scaling, more like environmental changes ...
... of terrestrial climate change. I do not believe that Padisák has made a case that disturbance even occurs in phytoplankton communities. Because the generation time is so short, most environmental impacts on plankton are, to use Padisák’s own arguments on time scaling, more like environmental changes ...
Nature-based Solutions: New Influence for
... New Influence for Environmental Management and Research in Europe Greening roofs or walls to cool down city areas during summer, to capture storm water, to abate pollution, and to increase human well-being while enhancing biodiversity: nature-based solutions (NBS) refer to the sustainable management ...
... New Influence for Environmental Management and Research in Europe Greening roofs or walls to cool down city areas during summer, to capture storm water, to abate pollution, and to increase human well-being while enhancing biodiversity: nature-based solutions (NBS) refer to the sustainable management ...
Playing Chutes and Ladders: Heterogeneity and
... the action of any one species (or the action of the environment on that species) can have a pervasive influence on all others. This is important because there is no theoretical reason why organisms at any trophic level should not act as keystone species (Pimm 1982). The effects of plant pathogens, f ...
... the action of any one species (or the action of the environment on that species) can have a pervasive influence on all others. This is important because there is no theoretical reason why organisms at any trophic level should not act as keystone species (Pimm 1982). The effects of plant pathogens, f ...
Fisheries catches and the carrying capacity of marine ecosystems in
... non-target animals are discarded annually as ``trash'' ®sh (Alverson et al., 1994). Also, present exploitation patterns are resulting in a ``®shing down marine food webs'' phenomenon, from long-lived, high-trophic level piscivorous ®sh to short-lived, low-trophic level invertebrates and planktivorou ...
... non-target animals are discarded annually as ``trash'' ®sh (Alverson et al., 1994). Also, present exploitation patterns are resulting in a ``®shing down marine food webs'' phenomenon, from long-lived, high-trophic level piscivorous ®sh to short-lived, low-trophic level invertebrates and planktivorou ...
Production of tropical larvaceans in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica: are
... chaetognaths, fish larvae) were excluded by the pre-screening process, reaching levels of abundance and biomass well in excess of those observed naturally. In two separate harbour microcosm experiments, larvacean populations feeding on natural concentrations of phytoplankton increased to abundances ...
... chaetognaths, fish larvae) were excluded by the pre-screening process, reaching levels of abundance and biomass well in excess of those observed naturally. In two separate harbour microcosm experiments, larvacean populations feeding on natural concentrations of phytoplankton increased to abundances ...
Second Circular WSC 2015
... century. We are just beginning to grasp the magnitude of our impact on the global environment and the related risks for our societies. We have a choice to make changes to the impact we have and thereby partly control the environmental changes and its societal consequences. In 2015, declared by the U ...
... century. We are just beginning to grasp the magnitude of our impact on the global environment and the related risks for our societies. We have a choice to make changes to the impact we have and thereby partly control the environmental changes and its societal consequences. In 2015, declared by the U ...
project description
... Earthworm-driven changes in soil structure and organic matter distribution are expected to cause a shift from the fungal channel towards the bacterial channel of the detrital food web. Furthermore, earthworms are important prey for predators at the interface of soil and aboveground food webs, such a ...
... Earthworm-driven changes in soil structure and organic matter distribution are expected to cause a shift from the fungal channel towards the bacterial channel of the detrital food web. Furthermore, earthworms are important prey for predators at the interface of soil and aboveground food webs, such a ...
Invasive alien species: priorities for international research
... Long-term projections of the impacts of IAS. It would be very useful to have longterm forecasts of the spread of IAS, their impact on biodiversity and associated social and economic costs, taking into account climate change, human migration, trade and other global drivers of change. To make this man ...
... Long-term projections of the impacts of IAS. It would be very useful to have longterm forecasts of the spread of IAS, their impact on biodiversity and associated social and economic costs, taking into account climate change, human migration, trade and other global drivers of change. To make this man ...
The scientific basis of climate-smart agriculture
... Agricultural development strategies have shifted from promoting one-size-fits-all technologies aimed at increasing productivity, to advocating for improved agricultural practices that account for both livelihood and environmental outcomes [1-6]. The most recent approach to an integrated development ...
... Agricultural development strategies have shifted from promoting one-size-fits-all technologies aimed at increasing productivity, to advocating for improved agricultural practices that account for both livelihood and environmental outcomes [1-6]. The most recent approach to an integrated development ...
Abundance of Epigeal Arthropods in Organic Feed
... decomposition, N-mineralization, and biological control. We expect to find the greatest number of epigeal arthropods in systems with minimal disturbance (i.e., tillage) and high soil quality (e.g., SOM). Tillage can directly kill ground-dwelling arthropods, and high SOM can subsidize the soil food w ...
... decomposition, N-mineralization, and biological control. We expect to find the greatest number of epigeal arthropods in systems with minimal disturbance (i.e., tillage) and high soil quality (e.g., SOM). Tillage can directly kill ground-dwelling arthropods, and high SOM can subsidize the soil food w ...
Where does the carbon go? Thermal acclimation of respiration and
... Predicting just how close this balance is should be considered critical to understanding global carbon cycling and, by extension, climate change. However, this balance has proven difficult to predict, in large part due to the lack of a robust mechanistic model of plant respiration that is well paramet ...
... Predicting just how close this balance is should be considered critical to understanding global carbon cycling and, by extension, climate change. However, this balance has proven difficult to predict, in large part due to the lack of a robust mechanistic model of plant respiration that is well paramet ...
Chapte 3 Worksheet
... To complete this worksheet, see the instructions in the textbook (Chapter 16 Investigation). Table 1. Observations and Interpretations of Soil profiles The photographs below show six soil profiles, each of which is shown and described in the textbook. For each soil profile, complete the following st ...
... To complete this worksheet, see the instructions in the textbook (Chapter 16 Investigation). Table 1. Observations and Interpretations of Soil profiles The photographs below show six soil profiles, each of which is shown and described in the textbook. For each soil profile, complete the following st ...
Document
... • Restoration ecology offers the opportunity to conduct experiments that provide insights into important basic biological questions, such as community assembly dynamics, secondary succession, fire cycles, the role of keystone species, and the nature of invasibility of ecosystems. • Insights from thi ...
... • Restoration ecology offers the opportunity to conduct experiments that provide insights into important basic biological questions, such as community assembly dynamics, secondary succession, fire cycles, the role of keystone species, and the nature of invasibility of ecosystems. • Insights from thi ...
Fertilizers and Fertilizer Management
... Soil as defined by scientists … natural product formed from weathered rock by the action of climate and living organisms modified by topography over a period of time. ...
... Soil as defined by scientists … natural product formed from weathered rock by the action of climate and living organisms modified by topography over a period of time. ...
Lecture 4: Wilderness Ecosystems
... Sensitive management of human use to minimise disturbance of natural ecosystems – e.g. limiting use within carry capacities Understanding of basic ecology is essential “The ecosystem is the basic fundamental unit in ecology, because it includes both organisms... and abiotic environments, each in ...
... Sensitive management of human use to minimise disturbance of natural ecosystems – e.g. limiting use within carry capacities Understanding of basic ecology is essential “The ecosystem is the basic fundamental unit in ecology, because it includes both organisms... and abiotic environments, each in ...
Frontiers Ecology Environment in
... Figure 1. Linkages between the buildup of atmospheric CO2 from burning fossil coral and fish larvae/eggs and produce fuels and the slowing of coral calcification due to ocean acidification. Atmospheric enough larvae to maintain their home popCO2 is taken up by the oceans and results in a decrease in ...
... Figure 1. Linkages between the buildup of atmospheric CO2 from burning fossil coral and fish larvae/eggs and produce fuels and the slowing of coral calcification due to ocean acidification. Atmospheric enough larvae to maintain their home popCO2 is taken up by the oceans and results in a decrease in ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.