![Bottom-up and top-down processes in African ungulate communities](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017357145_1-bea5f9308f3a746fefeaa29844efb6e2-300x300.png)
Bottom-up and top-down processes in African ungulate communities
... bovid species are important components of these communities. Convergent evolution has led these 2 families to acquire similar adaptations to life in open savannas, and equids have highly effective foraging strategies which can allow them to out-compete ruminants (Duncan et al. 1990, Ménard et al. 2 ...
... bovid species are important components of these communities. Convergent evolution has led these 2 families to acquire similar adaptations to life in open savannas, and equids have highly effective foraging strategies which can allow them to out-compete ruminants (Duncan et al. 1990, Ménard et al. 2 ...
Basic Concepts and Definitons
... the collection, i.e. there is more than one kind of soil, natural body (potting media is Granite on Panola Mountain. The hard rock not soil by this definition), containing living is not soil. However, the area immediately matter (deep sediments with no biological around the pine tree is soil (suppor ...
... the collection, i.e. there is more than one kind of soil, natural body (potting media is Granite on Panola Mountain. The hard rock not soil by this definition), containing living is not soil. However, the area immediately matter (deep sediments with no biological around the pine tree is soil (suppor ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... consistency, soils porosity, soil temperature and soil color. Chemical characters consist of soil pH, cationexchange capacity or CEC, base saturation, organic and nutrient soil content [1]. Color, texture, structure, morphology and mineral content are the important parameters to describes and assess ...
... consistency, soils porosity, soil temperature and soil color. Chemical characters consist of soil pH, cationexchange capacity or CEC, base saturation, organic and nutrient soil content [1]. Color, texture, structure, morphology and mineral content are the important parameters to describes and assess ...
Soil-mediated local adaptation alters seedling survival and
... Soils from beneath individual genotypes differed in many physical, chemical and biological properties (Table 1). These results suggest that either the tree genotype influenced the soils in specific ways that could influence the fitness of their offspring or site differences selected for that genotyp ...
... Soils from beneath individual genotypes differed in many physical, chemical and biological properties (Table 1). These results suggest that either the tree genotype influenced the soils in specific ways that could influence the fitness of their offspring or site differences selected for that genotyp ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... and the intrinsic sensitivity of the impacted environmental components (organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems). Each organism (or group of organisms), in fact, shows specific ecological traits that make it more sensitive to certain disturbances than others (home range amplitude, sociability ...
... and the intrinsic sensitivity of the impacted environmental components (organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems). Each organism (or group of organisms), in fact, shows specific ecological traits that make it more sensitive to certain disturbances than others (home range amplitude, sociability ...
Title
... Correspondence analysis, made on all population and gut content variables describing the arthropod community, revealed differences among stages along the successional gradient. Coordinates along Axis 1 discriminated the three vegetation stages (Table 1). Only the first axis of correspondence analysi ...
... Correspondence analysis, made on all population and gut content variables describing the arthropod community, revealed differences among stages along the successional gradient. Coordinates along Axis 1 discriminated the three vegetation stages (Table 1). Only the first axis of correspondence analysi ...
Saltmarsh Factsheet
... saltmarsh areas. These included commercial species such as yellowfin bream, sand whiting, various mullets and snub nosed garfish. The most common fish were small species such as perchlets and gobies, which are important in the estuarine food chain as a source of food for larger fish and for birds. ...
... saltmarsh areas. These included commercial species such as yellowfin bream, sand whiting, various mullets and snub nosed garfish. The most common fish were small species such as perchlets and gobies, which are important in the estuarine food chain as a source of food for larger fish and for birds. ...
Nutrient Availability Affects Flowering Rate but has Limited Influence
... tissue surfaces which contribute to increased plant growth or fitness; and plants must have a unique adaptation or strategy to allocate resources such that the primary result is to attract, capture and/or digest prey. Ants may serve as an indirect nutritional source to myrmecophytic plants whereby t ...
... tissue surfaces which contribute to increased plant growth or fitness; and plants must have a unique adaptation or strategy to allocate resources such that the primary result is to attract, capture and/or digest prey. Ants may serve as an indirect nutritional source to myrmecophytic plants whereby t ...
Soil Horizons and Profiles
... Beneath an asphalt road is this incredible soil profile. Can you identify the horizons? There are some clues in the photo that can help you identify the climate type. What type of climate would produce this soil? Soil Horizons and Profiles ...
... Beneath an asphalt road is this incredible soil profile. Can you identify the horizons? There are some clues in the photo that can help you identify the climate type. What type of climate would produce this soil? Soil Horizons and Profiles ...
The Soil Defined The Soil Profile
... Some soil microorganisms are harmful to soils and growing plants, either directly or indirectly. An indirect harmful effect is denitrification. When the supply of air in a soil is limited, certain aerobic soil organisms can get their supply of oxygen by reducing highly oxidized compounds, such as ni ...
... Some soil microorganisms are harmful to soils and growing plants, either directly or indirectly. An indirect harmful effect is denitrification. When the supply of air in a soil is limited, certain aerobic soil organisms can get their supply of oxygen by reducing highly oxidized compounds, such as ni ...
Soil and Compost Enrichment Lessons
... an extremely sandy soil may drain too quickly, washing away nutrients and not permitting plants sufficient time to absorb water through their roots. A soil with too little organic material may lack the nutrients necessary for plant growth and require chemical fertilizers. Decomposers, such as worms, ...
... an extremely sandy soil may drain too quickly, washing away nutrients and not permitting plants sufficient time to absorb water through their roots. A soil with too little organic material may lack the nutrients necessary for plant growth and require chemical fertilizers. Decomposers, such as worms, ...
Large Marine Carnivores: Trophic Cascades and Top
... “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of an individual predator on the population of its prey (interaction strength hereafter), and population interaction strength as the effect of a populatio ...
... “interaction strength” (Paine 1980, 1992), which depends on more than just its abundance. We define per capita interaction strength as the effect of an individual predator on the population of its prey (interaction strength hereafter), and population interaction strength as the effect of a populatio ...
The mangrove swamp
... Mangroves are tree and shrub species that are adapted to grow in the tidally inundated, salty foreshore area of coasts. Mangroves have several special adaptations for their environment, including special roots, salt excreting glands in their leaves, and special seeds to colonise mud flats. Their roo ...
... Mangroves are tree and shrub species that are adapted to grow in the tidally inundated, salty foreshore area of coasts. Mangroves have several special adaptations for their environment, including special roots, salt excreting glands in their leaves, and special seeds to colonise mud flats. Their roo ...
Energy budget and ecological role of mangrove epibenthos in the
... Genoni 1985, Dye & Lasiak 1987). Studies in North American saltmarshes and other wetlands have demonstrated the importance of this trophic guild (consisting mainly of fiddler crabs) as a major food source for many predators (e.g. Teal 1962, Montague 1980). While a general picture of the importance o ...
... Genoni 1985, Dye & Lasiak 1987). Studies in North American saltmarshes and other wetlands have demonstrated the importance of this trophic guild (consisting mainly of fiddler crabs) as a major food source for many predators (e.g. Teal 1962, Montague 1980). While a general picture of the importance o ...
effects of grazer richness and composition on algal biomass in a
... biomass. Species also appear to be lost more frequently from higher than from lower trophic levels (Petchey et al. 2004). The loss of a few consumer species can have more profound long-term effects on ecosystem functioning compared to the consequences following the species loss of primary producers ...
... biomass. Species also appear to be lost more frequently from higher than from lower trophic levels (Petchey et al. 2004). The loss of a few consumer species can have more profound long-term effects on ecosystem functioning compared to the consequences following the species loss of primary producers ...
Organic Red Beet Growers Manual PEI ADAPT Council
... the leaves from relative humidity above 90%, day time temperatures between 250C- 350C and night temperature above 150C. These conditions allow moisture to stay on the leaves for a prolonged period of time. The remnants of diseased leaves is the primary source of future infections, but secondary sour ...
... the leaves from relative humidity above 90%, day time temperatures between 250C- 350C and night temperature above 150C. These conditions allow moisture to stay on the leaves for a prolonged period of time. The remnants of diseased leaves is the primary source of future infections, but secondary sour ...
Organism life cycles, predation, and the structure of marine pelagic
... DMS and its precursor in seawater, DMSP (Stefels & van Boekel 1993), so that Phaeocystis may be important to global sulfur balances, acidification of atmospheric aerosols and rain, and climate change (see Liss et al. 1994 for review). Thus, factors influencing its productivity and fate may significa ...
... DMS and its precursor in seawater, DMSP (Stefels & van Boekel 1993), so that Phaeocystis may be important to global sulfur balances, acidification of atmospheric aerosols and rain, and climate change (see Liss et al. 1994 for review). Thus, factors influencing its productivity and fate may significa ...
The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient polymorpha (Myrtaceae)
... both influence arthropod food webs, but multifactor studies are needed to understand their interdependence and relative importance. Arthropods were sampled by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unferti ...
... both influence arthropod food webs, but multifactor studies are needed to understand their interdependence and relative importance. Arthropods were sampled by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unferti ...
PDF
... Gut Wall Ecosystem:The common species of earthworm ecological groups foster the development of distinct gut wall-associated bacterial communities and that the relative abundance of specific bacteria within the gut wall, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and an actinobacterium, is ecological group ...
... Gut Wall Ecosystem:The common species of earthworm ecological groups foster the development of distinct gut wall-associated bacterial communities and that the relative abundance of specific bacteria within the gut wall, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and an actinobacterium, is ecological group ...
Understanding Soil Texture and Structure
... What is soil texture and why is it important? • Soil texture is the fineness or coarseness of a soil. • It describes the proportion of three sizes of soil particles. These are: –Sand - large particle –Silt - medium sized particle –Clay - small particle ...
... What is soil texture and why is it important? • Soil texture is the fineness or coarseness of a soil. • It describes the proportion of three sizes of soil particles. These are: –Sand - large particle –Silt - medium sized particle –Clay - small particle ...
PDF 428KB - University of Hawaii
... both influence arthropod food webs, but multifactor studies are needed to understand their interdependence and relative importance. Arthropods were sampled by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unferti ...
... both influence arthropod food webs, but multifactor studies are needed to understand their interdependence and relative importance. Arthropods were sampled by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unferti ...
Erosion And Deflation Control
... Victor Mitrofanovich Volodin was born in 1939 in Russkaya Zhuravka, Verkhne-Mamon district, Voronezh province, Russia. After finishing school in 1956 he worked on a collective farm, then entered Voronezh State University from which he graduated in 1965. His specialism subsequently has been soil scie ...
... Victor Mitrofanovich Volodin was born in 1939 in Russkaya Zhuravka, Verkhne-Mamon district, Voronezh province, Russia. After finishing school in 1956 he worked on a collective farm, then entered Voronezh State University from which he graduated in 1965. His specialism subsequently has been soil scie ...
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2011-12
... summer assignment will allow us to cover more of the material required for the AP Bio Exam. Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment. Because of its great scope, ecology is an enormously complex and also exciting area of Biology. 1. Your summer ...
... summer assignment will allow us to cover more of the material required for the AP Bio Exam. Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment. Because of its great scope, ecology is an enormously complex and also exciting area of Biology. 1. Your summer ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter
... 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS ...
... 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS ...
Chapter 5
... • List the three stages of the carbon cycle. • Describe where fossil fuels are located. • Identify one way that humans are affecting the carbon cycle. • List the tree stages of the nitrogen cycle. • Describe the role that nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle. • Explain how the excess ...
... • List the three stages of the carbon cycle. • Describe where fossil fuels are located. • Identify one way that humans are affecting the carbon cycle. • List the tree stages of the nitrogen cycle. • Describe the role that nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle. • Explain how the excess ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.