The middle and passive derivations in Konso
... In (38b) there is a full subject that has the semantic role of non-human undergoer with no control or volition. Obviously such full subjects are not the object of the active verb; they are more patient-like than the possible patient subjects of the equivalent active intransitive verb. In the non pas ...
... In (38b) there is a full subject that has the semantic role of non-human undergoer with no control or volition. Obviously such full subjects are not the object of the active verb; they are more patient-like than the possible patient subjects of the equivalent active intransitive verb. In the non pas ...
Notes Cap 1A File - Northwest ISD Moodle
... To make a sentence negative in Spanish, you usually put ______________ in front of the verb. In English, you usually use the word __________________. To answer a question negatively, you often use “no” ______________________. The first “no” answers the question, and the second “no” indicates “not”. ...
... To make a sentence negative in Spanish, you usually put ______________ in front of the verb. In English, you usually use the word __________________. To answer a question negatively, you often use “no” ______________________. The first “no” answers the question, and the second “no” indicates “not”. ...
Parallel Syntactic Annotation of Multiple Languages
... eaten, will have been eating), Spanish (ha comido, and French a mangé), where the perfective is marked with an auxiliary. This feature is also used in Arabic to make the rather different distinction between the perfective and imperfective verbal forms, neither of which carries an auxiliary. The Ara ...
... eaten, will have been eating), Spanish (ha comido, and French a mangé), where the perfective is marked with an auxiliary. This feature is also used in Arabic to make the rather different distinction between the perfective and imperfective verbal forms, neither of which carries an auxiliary. The Ara ...
as a PDF
... Booij (2002a,b). In his contributions, Booij claims that VPCs in Dutch (i.e. so-called Separable Complex Verbs) are a case of “periphrastic word formation”, i.e. lexical items that behave functionally as complex words but display a phrasal structure. Technically speaking, these complex verbs are reg ...
... Booij (2002a,b). In his contributions, Booij claims that VPCs in Dutch (i.e. so-called Separable Complex Verbs) are a case of “periphrastic word formation”, i.e. lexical items that behave functionally as complex words but display a phrasal structure. Technically speaking, these complex verbs are reg ...
Valence change
... anticausative is due to Nedjalkov & Sil’nickij 1969.) The anticausative is similar to the passive in that the agent argument loses its subject status and the patient becomes the new subject, but in the passive, the agent is not entirely eliminated. Semantically, a passive such as Russian Dver’ byla ...
... anticausative is due to Nedjalkov & Sil’nickij 1969.) The anticausative is similar to the passive in that the agent argument loses its subject status and the patient becomes the new subject, but in the passive, the agent is not entirely eliminated. Semantically, a passive such as Russian Dver’ byla ...
The Cross-Linguistic Function of Obligatory `do
... and active verbs can form periphrases with ‘do’. In these languages intransitive and stative verbs generally form periphrases with ‘be’ instead and the same form-function relation obtains for both ‘do’- and ‘be’-periphrasis. The features [+ transitive] and [+ active], which are characteristic of the ...
... and active verbs can form periphrases with ‘do’. In these languages intransitive and stative verbs generally form periphrases with ‘be’ instead and the same form-function relation obtains for both ‘do’- and ‘be’-periphrasis. The features [+ transitive] and [+ active], which are characteristic of the ...
The Argument Structure of Elementary Sentences
... le livre que Luc lit We could point out numerous examples of this type, they are not counter-examples to statement A. But there are also genuine exceptions, frozen sentences such as: Let it be! Vogue la galère ! Autant en emporte le vent ! (Gone with the wind!) cannot be any longer analyzed by some ...
... le livre que Luc lit We could point out numerous examples of this type, they are not counter-examples to statement A. But there are also genuine exceptions, frozen sentences such as: Let it be! Vogue la galère ! Autant en emporte le vent ! (Gone with the wind!) cannot be any longer analyzed by some ...
essential grammatical features of jaminjung and ngaliwurru
... where possible, examples are given by referring to the texts in the Appendix.21 Second, this chapter also serves to establish coverbs – the uninflecting predicative lexemes which constitute an open class – as a distinct part of speech. Jaminjung has three major parts of speech, nominals (§2.2), cove ...
... where possible, examples are given by referring to the texts in the Appendix.21 Second, this chapter also serves to establish coverbs – the uninflecting predicative lexemes which constitute an open class – as a distinct part of speech. Jaminjung has three major parts of speech, nominals (§2.2), cove ...
The translation of -ing nominal constructions into Spanish: a
... which is essential for the translator. In addition to being ambiguous and multifunctional in English, another complication to bear in mind is the fact that one specific -ing construction can be equivalent to various expressions in a given target language. This paper aims at extending our knowledge a ...
... which is essential for the translator. In addition to being ambiguous and multifunctional in English, another complication to bear in mind is the fact that one specific -ing construction can be equivalent to various expressions in a given target language. This paper aims at extending our knowledge a ...
JoL-submission #1016 - Munin
... verbal base they combine with; more specifically, the differences derive from Aktionsart. The relevant data are presented in §3, where we present contrasts in Spanish and other Indoeuropean languages showing that with a specific set of nominalizers, an AS-nominalization must always denote a part of ...
... verbal base they combine with; more specifically, the differences derive from Aktionsart. The relevant data are presented in §3, where we present contrasts in Spanish and other Indoeuropean languages showing that with a specific set of nominalizers, an AS-nominalization must always denote a part of ...
Head-to-Head Movement
... Ignore for the moment the French morpheme ne-, which is optional in spoken French in any case. Concentrate instead on the relative positioning of the negatives pas and not and the verbs. The situation is the same as with the adverb often. All auxiliaries in both languages precede negation, as does t ...
... Ignore for the moment the French morpheme ne-, which is optional in spoken French in any case. Concentrate instead on the relative positioning of the negatives pas and not and the verbs. The situation is the same as with the adverb often. All auxiliaries in both languages precede negation, as does t ...
Valency classes in Yucatec Maya
... Verbs of directed motion form a subclass of inactive verbs, although they do allow for a controlling subject. They are such verbs as bin ‘go’, taal ‘ come’, máan ‘pass’, ook ‘enter’, hóok’ ‘exit’, eem ‘get down’, na’k ‘get up’ and a few more. They differ from other motion verbs – essentially manner ...
... Verbs of directed motion form a subclass of inactive verbs, although they do allow for a controlling subject. They are such verbs as bin ‘go’, taal ‘ come’, máan ‘pass’, ook ‘enter’, hóok’ ‘exit’, eem ‘get down’, na’k ‘get up’ and a few more. They differ from other motion verbs – essentially manner ...
the Persian Complex Predicate Construction
... and phrasal properties: they act in some ways as a single word, and in other ways like more than one word. They form a central part of the grammar of Persian and many other languages, including Hindi, Japanese and Hungarian.2 This paper offers an account in which the Persian CP is treated as a const ...
... and phrasal properties: they act in some ways as a single word, and in other ways like more than one word. They form a central part of the grammar of Persian and many other languages, including Hindi, Japanese and Hungarian.2 This paper offers an account in which the Persian CP is treated as a const ...
Building Statives
... The manner adverb schlampig (‘sloppily’) cannot modify statives, as shown by the ungrammaticality of 16(b). Since 16(a) is grammatical, we have to conclude that the manner adverb can modify the stem kämm- before the construction is stativized. In other words, the grammaticality of 16(a) shows that t ...
... The manner adverb schlampig (‘sloppily’) cannot modify statives, as shown by the ungrammaticality of 16(b). Since 16(a) is grammatical, we have to conclude that the manner adverb can modify the stem kämm- before the construction is stativized. In other words, the grammaticality of 16(a) shows that t ...
Building Statives - Semantics Archive
... they do not have target state passives and cannot be modified by für-PPs. On the other hand, there are many causative verbs with non-compositional prefixes that have target state passives and can be modified by für-PPs. Take auf-pumpen (‘pump up’), for example. Morphologically, auf-pumpen consists o ...
... they do not have target state passives and cannot be modified by für-PPs. On the other hand, there are many causative verbs with non-compositional prefixes that have target state passives and can be modified by für-PPs. Take auf-pumpen (‘pump up’), for example. Morphologically, auf-pumpen consists o ...
`Advance`: Meaning, Syntax and the Influence of Metaphors in a
... 4. Comparing and relating semantic frames and verb classes In order to understand the use of the verb “advance” in present day English it is necessary to consider not only how English speakers use it today, but also the way in which the word has evolved throughout history in terms of meaning or syn ...
... 4. Comparing and relating semantic frames and verb classes In order to understand the use of the verb “advance” in present day English it is necessary to consider not only how English speakers use it today, but also the way in which the word has evolved throughout history in terms of meaning or syn ...
Paradigm classification in supervised learning of morphology
... correct if all alternatives are given and all are correct. For example, the verb dream in English lists two alternative past participles, dreamed and dreamt, which both must be reconstructed for the past participle form to count as being correct. Experiment 1 The accuracies obtained on the first thr ...
... correct if all alternatives are given and all are correct. For example, the verb dream in English lists two alternative past participles, dreamed and dreamt, which both must be reconstructed for the past participle form to count as being correct. Experiment 1 The accuracies obtained on the first thr ...
Any student of Russian as a foreign language has been faced with
... by one or two morphemes. Scholars generally recognize three different types of pairs, based on the morphological structure of the verbs: prefixation, suffixation, or suppletion. Some perfective members of a pair are prefixed versions of the imperfective. Sometimes the imperfective member adds a suff ...
... by one or two morphemes. Scholars generally recognize three different types of pairs, based on the morphological structure of the verbs: prefixation, suffixation, or suppletion. Some perfective members of a pair are prefixed versions of the imperfective. Sometimes the imperfective member adds a suff ...
The Layered Structure of Syntactic VV Compounds in
... syntactically (e.g. Shibatani 1973, 1978, Kageyama 1993, Koizumi 1999, Kishimoto 2009, Fukuda 2012). The exact analyses differ from one proposal to another, but the consensus about their syntactic structures is that the first verb (i.e. the main verb) is embedded under the second verb. Nevertheless, ...
... syntactically (e.g. Shibatani 1973, 1978, Kageyama 1993, Koizumi 1999, Kishimoto 2009, Fukuda 2012). The exact analyses differ from one proposal to another, but the consensus about their syntactic structures is that the first verb (i.e. the main verb) is embedded under the second verb. Nevertheless, ...
湖南省第一师范学院外语系备课用纸
... The commonest linking verbs used in the left-hand column are be and get, and the complement that follows can also take the form of a seemingly phrasal verb, eg. He is easily excited. China's agriculture is getting more and more mechanized. The doctor told him that he was run down. He is bound up in ...
... The commonest linking verbs used in the left-hand column are be and get, and the complement that follows can also take the form of a seemingly phrasal verb, eg. He is easily excited. China's agriculture is getting more and more mechanized. The doctor told him that he was run down. He is bound up in ...
separable complex verbs in Dutch
... raised. In other words, I propose to assign the structure [P V]v. to SCV's, where P stands for Particle. The separability of SCV's can also be observed in the way they form their past participles. In Dutch, past participles are formed by prefixing ge- and simultaneously suffixing t/d to the verbal s ...
... raised. In other words, I propose to assign the structure [P V]v. to SCV's, where P stands for Particle. The separability of SCV's can also be observed in the way they form their past participles. In Dutch, past participles are formed by prefixing ge- and simultaneously suffixing t/d to the verbal s ...
Chapter 34: Deponent Verbs Chapter 34 covers the following: the
... and start memorizing the vocabulary. But I wouldn’t if I were you. Your happy simple-present might turn out tragically contrary-to-fact. So you’re going to see -tur endings that read like -t endings, for instance, loquitur which comes from a deponent verb we’ll soon encounter in the vocabulary (loqu ...
... and start memorizing the vocabulary. But I wouldn’t if I were you. Your happy simple-present might turn out tragically contrary-to-fact. So you’re going to see -tur endings that read like -t endings, for instance, loquitur which comes from a deponent verb we’ll soon encounter in the vocabulary (loqu ...
Objects Out of the Lexicon! Argument-Structure in the Syntax
... have just realized that I used "Cook and Serve" vanilla pudding by mistake. This cake is for a groom's cake this weekend. Do I need to rebake the cake or will it really make any difference?” (Although here the agent of the activity is the same in both the baking and the re-baking (“I”), the meaning ...
... have just realized that I used "Cook and Serve" vanilla pudding by mistake. This cake is for a groom's cake this weekend. Do I need to rebake the cake or will it really make any difference?” (Although here the agent of the activity is the same in both the baking and the re-baking (“I”), the meaning ...