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Nervous and Immune Systems
Nervous and Immune Systems

... organs are limited.They evolved for reasons of survival, not for depicting the enormous wealth and richness of reality in all its unfathomable depth” ...
Clinical and Neuropathological Features of
Clinical and Neuropathological Features of

... (Fig. 2a, b). Staining with CHIP antibody showed mainly cytoplasmic diffuse reactivity in neurons, often extending to dendrites and axons (Fig. 2c, d), and also in astrocytes. Some swollen axonal processes in the frontal white matter stained as well (Fig. 2e). Remarkably, intense nuclear staining in ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Maps can be generated by intracortical microstimulation Sites controlling individual muscles are distributed over a wide area of motor cortex Muscle representations overlap in cortex Stimulation of single sites activates several muscles (diverging innervation) Many motor cortical neurons contribute ...
lec3 - Department of Computer Science
lec3 - Department of Computer Science

... because the neurons only need to send one kind of signal, and the teacher can be another sensory input. ...
Dissipation of dark energy by cortex in knowledge retrieval
Dissipation of dark energy by cortex in knowledge retrieval

... The fragment of knowledge from broken symmetry is expressed in two interactive fields of neural activity, which spread over the entire sensory cortex. The dendrites of the neurons generate a high-energy field of electric current that synchronizes cortical activity in a narrow-band oscillation. The kno ...
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex

... depend on the prefrontal cortex, over the last decades significant progress has been made in linking the prefrontal function with its cellular and circuit mechanisms in a field at the interface between cognitive sciences and cellular electrophysiology. A landmark paper that helped usher prefrontal r ...
Neurotransmitters
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... Selectively Permeable Membrane The outer membrane of the neuron is not impermeable, but instead selectively allows some ions to pass back and forth. The way it selects is easy - it has pores that are only so big. So, only very small ions can fit through. Any large ions simply can't pass through the ...
bulbar pseudobulbar
bulbar pseudobulbar

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Neurophysiology Neurotransmitter and Nervous System

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NEURONS, SENSE ORGANS, AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS
NEURONS, SENSE ORGANS, AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS

... closed in a resting neuron, which is why K+ leak channels determine resting membrane potential. • Voltage-gated channels open or close in response to changes in membrane potential • Stretch-gated channels respond to tension applied to cell membrane • Ligand-gated channels open or close when a specif ...
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex
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phys chapter 45 [10-24

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introduction presentation - Sinoe Medical Association
introduction presentation - Sinoe Medical Association

... body to another • There are many, many different types of neurons but most have certain structural and functional characteristics in common: - Cell body (soma) - One or more specialized, slender processes (axons/dendrites) - An A input i t region i (dendrites/soma) - A conducting component (axon) - ...
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Sensory signals during active versus passive movement

... test passive rather than active sensation. Recent results from several laboratories have, however, yielded major insights into our understanding of how sensory signals are processed during movement. In this review, I consider recent advances in this field, focusing on experiments in the vestibular s ...
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From
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... Note that after extinction, the emotional response is only inhibited by the current motivational state through orbitofrontal cortex. If the motivation changes, the behavior can thus reappear quickly which is what happen in animals when the extinction ...
2d Unit II Cells of the Body
2d Unit II Cells of the Body

... muscle appears to have alternating bands of light and dark striations. The skeletal muscle cells are also multinucleated. Smooth muscle tissue lines the walls of the digestive tract and some blood vessels in the circulatory system. Smooth muscle tissue is spindle shaped and the cells contain only on ...
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From

... Note that after extinction, the emotional response is only inhibited by the current motivational state through orbitofrontal cortex. If the motivation changes, the behavior can thus reappear quickly which is what happen in animals when the extinction ...
sensory1
sensory1

... • Sensory coding: sensory systems code for modality, intensity, location, and duration of external stimuli. • Transduction: the conversion of a physical stimulus into a change in membrane potential (electrochemical signal) – Signals are transmitted in the form of graded potentials, action potentials ...
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PSY550 Research and Ingestion

... – The use of a device that employs a computer to analyze data obtained by a scanning beam of X-rays to produce a two-dimensional picture of a slice through the body. ...
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial

... The neocortex is that part of the brain which makes up the outer 2 to 4 mm of the cerebral hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical funct ...
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial

... The neocortex is that part of the brain which makes up the outer 2 to 4 mm of the cerebral hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical funct ...
Goldman nottebohm neuronal production migration diff in adult female canary brain pnas 1983
Goldman nottebohm neuronal production migration diff in adult female canary brain pnas 1983

... to see any unequivocal synaptic profiles on these labeled neurons. This is consistent with the paucity of synapses seen on other HVc somata. These characteristics lead us to believe that many of the new cells forming in the adult HVc are, in fact, neurons (13). Also, representatives of several other ...
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Feature detection (nervous system)

Feature detection is a process by which the nervous system sorts or filters complex natural stimuli in order to extract behaviorally relevant cues that have a high probability of being associated with important objects or organisms in their environment, as opposed to irrelevant background or noise. Feature detectors are individual neurons – or groups of neurons – in the brain which code for perceptually significant stimuli. Early in the sensory pathway feature detectors tend to have simple properties; later they become more and more complex as the features to which they respond become more and more specific. For example, simple cells in the visual cortex of the domestic cat (Felis catus), respond to edges – a feature which is more likely to occur in objects and organisms in the environment. By contrast, the background of a natural visual environment tends to be noisy – emphasizing high spatial frequencies but lacking in extended edges. Responding selectively to an extended edge – either a bright line on a dark background, or the reverse – highlights objects that are near or very large. Edge detectors are useful to a cat, because edges do not occur often in the background “noise” of the visual environment, which is of little consequence to the animal.
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