Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... contrast in the perceived spatial pattern a. Virtually every sensory pathway, when excited, gives rise simultaneously to lateral inhibitory signals b. Importance of lateral inhibition is that it blocks the lateral spread of excitatory signals and therefore, increases the degree of contrast in the se ...
... contrast in the perceived spatial pattern a. Virtually every sensory pathway, when excited, gives rise simultaneously to lateral inhibitory signals b. Importance of lateral inhibition is that it blocks the lateral spread of excitatory signals and therefore, increases the degree of contrast in the se ...
Synaptic and peptidergic connectome of a neurosecretory
... anterior neurosecretory plexus containing the projections of peptidergic sensory-neurosecretory neurons (Tessmar-Raible et al. 2007; Aros et al. 1977). The neurosecretory plexus forms an anatomically and ultrastructurally distinct area that can be clearly distinguished from other neuropils, includin ...
... anterior neurosecretory plexus containing the projections of peptidergic sensory-neurosecretory neurons (Tessmar-Raible et al. 2007; Aros et al. 1977). The neurosecretory plexus forms an anatomically and ultrastructurally distinct area that can be clearly distinguished from other neuropils, includin ...
Chapter Test 1. A cell that receives information and transmits it to
... a. they support metabolic processes and digestion b. they convey sensory information from outside the brain to various forebrain regions c. they convey tactile information from inside the brain to various regions of the somatic nervous system d. they support decision-making and problem-solving proce ...
... a. they support metabolic processes and digestion b. they convey sensory information from outside the brain to various forebrain regions c. they convey tactile information from inside the brain to various regions of the somatic nervous system d. they support decision-making and problem-solving proce ...
Motor Units and Motor Neuron Disease
... SOD1 found in some familial cases of ALS. However since this only affects 12% of all ALS sufferers it is not a good model for studying ALS in its entirety, but with no other significant leads for sporadic cases, research into SOD1 mutations remains one of the few ways we can further our understandin ...
... SOD1 found in some familial cases of ALS. However since this only affects 12% of all ALS sufferers it is not a good model for studying ALS in its entirety, but with no other significant leads for sporadic cases, research into SOD1 mutations remains one of the few ways we can further our understandin ...
Lecture 15
... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
Class 10- Control and Coordination
... The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. a) Receptors :- These are the sense organs which receive the stimuli and pass the message to the brain or spinal cord through the sensory nerves. Eg :- Photoreceptors in the eyes to detect light. Phonoreceptors in the ears to detect s ...
... The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. a) Receptors :- These are the sense organs which receive the stimuli and pass the message to the brain or spinal cord through the sensory nerves. Eg :- Photoreceptors in the eyes to detect light. Phonoreceptors in the ears to detect s ...
Representations in the Human Prefrontal Cortex
... grated patterns. It seems likely that the development of the PFC would follow the same representational model as the more posterior cortex from which it was derived, especially given the rapid increase in PFC size and complexity that occurred with the evolution of modern humans. A parsimonious hypot ...
... grated patterns. It seems likely that the development of the PFC would follow the same representational model as the more posterior cortex from which it was derived, especially given the rapid increase in PFC size and complexity that occurred with the evolution of modern humans. A parsimonious hypot ...
computerized visualization of brainstem respiratory areas
... Keywords: brainstem, model, reflex, tidal breathing, cough Recent scientific papers showed that respiratory reflexes like cough, aspiration and expiration reflex do not only have a salient role in airway defence but they also have a resuscitation potential and are able to reverse some of the functio ...
... Keywords: brainstem, model, reflex, tidal breathing, cough Recent scientific papers showed that respiratory reflexes like cough, aspiration and expiration reflex do not only have a salient role in airway defence but they also have a resuscitation potential and are able to reverse some of the functio ...
Layer Specification of Transplanted Interneurons in Developing
... neuron morphogenesis? Interneurons make up a diverse group, with at least nine morphological subtypes and even more if neuropeptides are considered (Jones and Hendry, 1986). There is no evidence that commitment of a particular interneuron subclass is linked to its birthday in the GE, and the correla ...
... neuron morphogenesis? Interneurons make up a diverse group, with at least nine morphological subtypes and even more if neuropeptides are considered (Jones and Hendry, 1986). There is no evidence that commitment of a particular interneuron subclass is linked to its birthday in the GE, and the correla ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
Hubel 1977_Small
... easy. At any given stage one studies cell after cell, observing how each reacts to spots and patterns of light, gradually forming an overall idea of the behaviour of the cells in that structure. The procedure is then repeated at the next stage, and by comparing the two sets of results one may learn ...
... easy. At any given stage one studies cell after cell, observing how each reacts to spots and patterns of light, gradually forming an overall idea of the behaviour of the cells in that structure. The procedure is then repeated at the next stage, and by comparing the two sets of results one may learn ...
Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 48.1: Neuron
... o Because zone of repolarization caused by K+ outflow follows traveling zone of depolarization o Current that depolarizes axon membrane ahead of action potential can’t produce another action potential behind it Evolutionary Adaptations of Axon Structure Axon diameter impacts speed of action potent ...
... o Because zone of repolarization caused by K+ outflow follows traveling zone of depolarization o Current that depolarizes axon membrane ahead of action potential can’t produce another action potential behind it Evolutionary Adaptations of Axon Structure Axon diameter impacts speed of action potent ...
Accurate reconstruction of neuronal morphology
... 6.3.1.2. Injection of biocytin When sharp intracellular electrodes are used, the pipette solution should contain 2-4% biocytin (Sigma) by weight in 1M potassium acetate. This is about the limit in the amount of biocytin that can be dissolved in 1M potassium acetate, and slight warming may be require ...
... 6.3.1.2. Injection of biocytin When sharp intracellular electrodes are used, the pipette solution should contain 2-4% biocytin (Sigma) by weight in 1M potassium acetate. This is about the limit in the amount of biocytin that can be dissolved in 1M potassium acetate, and slight warming may be require ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... 11.3 Neurons • Neurons (nerve cells) are structural units of nervous system • Large, highly specialized cells that conduct impulses • Special characteristics – Extreme longevity (lasts a person’s lifetime) – Amitotic, with few exceptions – High metabolic rate: requires continuous supply of oxygen a ...
... 11.3 Neurons • Neurons (nerve cells) are structural units of nervous system • Large, highly specialized cells that conduct impulses • Special characteristics – Extreme longevity (lasts a person’s lifetime) – Amitotic, with few exceptions – High metabolic rate: requires continuous supply of oxygen a ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... Sounds detected by the inner ear are important cues used by fishes for predator and prey detection, and social interactions such as courtship and territoriality (see Zelick et al. 1999; Ladich and Myrberg 2006; Myrberg and Lugli 2006). The inner ear of jawed fishes consists of three semicircular can ...
... Sounds detected by the inner ear are important cues used by fishes for predator and prey detection, and social interactions such as courtship and territoriality (see Zelick et al. 1999; Ladich and Myrberg 2006; Myrberg and Lugli 2006). The inner ear of jawed fishes consists of three semicircular can ...
color vision - UCSD Psychology
... photons absorbed by each cone. The reduction to three dimensions results in a loss of wavelength information. Photons of different wavelength have different likelihoods of being absorbed by the three cone classes, denoted long- (L-), middle(M-), and short-wavelength-sensitive- (S-) cones. Once absor ...
... photons absorbed by each cone. The reduction to three dimensions results in a loss of wavelength information. Photons of different wavelength have different likelihoods of being absorbed by the three cone classes, denoted long- (L-), middle(M-), and short-wavelength-sensitive- (S-) cones. Once absor ...
Hypocretinergic Neurons are Primarily involved in Activation
... Representative motor activity of cats during AW-with M is shown by the horizontal bar A1 in Figure 1A. In the QS group of animals, QS consumed on average 90% of the animals’ behavioral state in the hour prior to euthanasia. Figure 1B presents an example of delta, sigma, and gamma EEG frequency bands ...
... Representative motor activity of cats during AW-with M is shown by the horizontal bar A1 in Figure 1A. In the QS group of animals, QS consumed on average 90% of the animals’ behavioral state in the hour prior to euthanasia. Figure 1B presents an example of delta, sigma, and gamma EEG frequency bands ...
optical imaging and control of genetically designated neurons in
... potential near the site of impalement but not necessarily in more remote locations, particularly if the cellular geometry is complex. The state in which the neuron’s membrane is isopotential at every location—a control problem commonly known as the problem of “space clamp”—may thus not be reachable. ...
... potential near the site of impalement but not necessarily in more remote locations, particularly if the cellular geometry is complex. The state in which the neuron’s membrane is isopotential at every location—a control problem commonly known as the problem of “space clamp”—may thus not be reachable. ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... distant sites. In contrast to this "broadcast" mode of signaling, the nervous system provides "point-topoint" signals—neurons project their axons to specific target areas and make synaptic connections with specific target cells. Thus, neural signaling is capable of a much higher level of specificity ...
... distant sites. In contrast to this "broadcast" mode of signaling, the nervous system provides "point-topoint" signals—neurons project their axons to specific target areas and make synaptic connections with specific target cells. Thus, neural signaling is capable of a much higher level of specificity ...
The Neurally Controlled Animat: Biological Brains Acting
... Over the course of the run many different patterns of neural activity emerged. The bottom right panel of Figure 3 shows the total number of patterns detected as the session progressed. Over the first few minutes the clustering algorithm quickly learned to recognize many of the patterns of activity o ...
... Over the course of the run many different patterns of neural activity emerged. The bottom right panel of Figure 3 shows the total number of patterns detected as the session progressed. Over the first few minutes the clustering algorithm quickly learned to recognize many of the patterns of activity o ...
Action_ Resting_Potential
... resting state. In the resting state, the inside of a neuron has a slightly higher concentration of negatively charged ions than the outside does. This situation creates a slight negative charge inside the neuron, which acts as a store of potential energy called the resting potential. The resting pot ...
... resting state. In the resting state, the inside of a neuron has a slightly higher concentration of negatively charged ions than the outside does. This situation creates a slight negative charge inside the neuron, which acts as a store of potential energy called the resting potential. The resting pot ...
Residual eye-movements in macaque and their effects on visual
... steady progression of the eye up and to the left—was exceptional). This is easily seen in Figs. 1D, 1E, and 1F (counterparts to Figs. 1A, 1B, & 1C) which display the horizontal and vertical positions of the eyes throughout the recording period. The excursions of the eyes shown in Fig. 1 represent th ...
... steady progression of the eye up and to the left—was exceptional). This is easily seen in Figs. 1D, 1E, and 1F (counterparts to Figs. 1A, 1B, & 1C) which display the horizontal and vertical positions of the eyes throughout the recording period. The excursions of the eyes shown in Fig. 1 represent th ...
Cell type-specific pharmacology of NMDA receptors using masked
... eLife digest Learning is critical to survival for humans and other animals. The learning process is regulated by receptors on the surface of brain cells called N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (or NMDA receptors for short). These receptors help to strengthen signals between brain cells, which allows a ...
... eLife digest Learning is critical to survival for humans and other animals. The learning process is regulated by receptors on the surface of brain cells called N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (or NMDA receptors for short). These receptors help to strengthen signals between brain cells, which allows a ...
Forea Wang
... system offers to fulfill the promise of controlled, multi-site stimulation in patterns that have not only a temporal component, but also a spatial one, and the integration of inputs from multiple cells in tandem can be investigated. Part of the UROP will involve dynamic discussions on how to design ...
... system offers to fulfill the promise of controlled, multi-site stimulation in patterns that have not only a temporal component, but also a spatial one, and the integration of inputs from multiple cells in tandem can be investigated. Part of the UROP will involve dynamic discussions on how to design ...