Extended Liquid Computing in Networks of Spiking Neurons
... expression to describe intuitively the motivations behind this new framework. Let us imagine that we can use a liquid (e.g a glass of water) to perform computation; from the perspective of attractor dynamical systems, this does not make much sense, since the only stable state to which the liquid can ...
... expression to describe intuitively the motivations behind this new framework. Let us imagine that we can use a liquid (e.g a glass of water) to perform computation; from the perspective of attractor dynamical systems, this does not make much sense, since the only stable state to which the liquid can ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... To mask cortical regions devoid of activation, we used the maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all singlecondition maps for color saturation. Hence, nonresponsive regions remain dark. In this manner, we obtained a multicolored region at the center of the image, exhibiting a c ...
... To mask cortical regions devoid of activation, we used the maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all singlecondition maps for color saturation. Hence, nonresponsive regions remain dark. In this manner, we obtained a multicolored region at the center of the image, exhibiting a c ...
Lesson 3 Brain Communication
... that work as receptors (receivers) for messages. • They receive messages from other nerve cells and send it through the neuron. • The have DENDRITIC RECEPTORS on the ends: • Receivers on the end of each dendrite which catch the chemicals as they jump from the previous neuron. They then send the mess ...
... that work as receptors (receivers) for messages. • They receive messages from other nerve cells and send it through the neuron. • The have DENDRITIC RECEPTORS on the ends: • Receivers on the end of each dendrite which catch the chemicals as they jump from the previous neuron. They then send the mess ...
Attention and Consciousness
... Selective, attention driven by stimuli is bottom-up. Executive, goal-driven attention is top-down. In general voluntary and automatic attention are mixed. We can train ourselves to respond to telephone ring When it rings we pay attention – is it voluntary or automatic? Initially it is vo ...
... Selective, attention driven by stimuli is bottom-up. Executive, goal-driven attention is top-down. In general voluntary and automatic attention are mixed. We can train ourselves to respond to telephone ring When it rings we pay attention – is it voluntary or automatic? Initially it is vo ...
A Neural Network Architecture for General Image Recognition
... the thinking about vision systems or, more generally, information processing systems. In his work, Marr introduced the distinction among three levels of explanations: (1) the computational theory, (2) the algorithm, and (3) the hardware implementation. Consideration of these levels and associated is ...
... the thinking about vision systems or, more generally, information processing systems. In his work, Marr introduced the distinction among three levels of explanations: (1) the computational theory, (2) the algorithm, and (3) the hardware implementation. Consideration of these levels and associated is ...
14.10 Insight 775 Gilbert
... Poggio et al.5 on visual hyperacuity. Poggio et al.5 proposed a threelayers feedforward network (Fig. 2b), the input layer of which consists of a small number of gaussian filters (receptive fields) that transform any input pattern into a vector of activity levels by convolving the input with the cor ...
... Poggio et al.5 on visual hyperacuity. Poggio et al.5 proposed a threelayers feedforward network (Fig. 2b), the input layer of which consists of a small number of gaussian filters (receptive fields) that transform any input pattern into a vector of activity levels by convolving the input with the cor ...
A Small World of Neuronal Synchrony
... called ‘‘small-world’’ properties. A small-world network exhibits a connectivity that constitutes a compromise between random and nearest neighbor regimes resulting in a short average path length despite the predominance of local connections (Watts and Strogatz 1998; Sporns et al. 2004; Bassett and ...
... called ‘‘small-world’’ properties. A small-world network exhibits a connectivity that constitutes a compromise between random and nearest neighbor regimes resulting in a short average path length despite the predominance of local connections (Watts and Strogatz 1998; Sporns et al. 2004; Bassett and ...
Adams et al
... and octopamine, which bind to the tyra3 receptor, are closely related structurally to the vertebrate neuromodulator norepinephrine, which has been hypothesized to regulate exploration/exploitation tradeoffs in primates and humans [13,14]. It is tempting to speculate that individual differences in ex ...
... and octopamine, which bind to the tyra3 receptor, are closely related structurally to the vertebrate neuromodulator norepinephrine, which has been hypothesized to regulate exploration/exploitation tradeoffs in primates and humans [13,14]. It is tempting to speculate that individual differences in ex ...
Session 6
... left and right) presented at the same time. This is called motion opponency. •The detectors for opposite directions balance each other. The waterfall effect: •If you view one direction of motion for a long time, the detectors for that direction become fatigued. •If you then look at a stationary surf ...
... left and right) presented at the same time. This is called motion opponency. •The detectors for opposite directions balance each other. The waterfall effect: •If you view one direction of motion for a long time, the detectors for that direction become fatigued. •If you then look at a stationary surf ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... trials did not alter the effects on forward suppression. Overall, we conclude that cortical inhibition does regulate forward suppression, and that Sst+ interneurons control the strength of forward suppression, potentially influencing the detectability of later stimuli, whereas Pvalb+ interneurons re ...
... trials did not alter the effects on forward suppression. Overall, we conclude that cortical inhibition does regulate forward suppression, and that Sst+ interneurons control the strength of forward suppression, potentially influencing the detectability of later stimuli, whereas Pvalb+ interneurons re ...
I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... Table 1, left and central columns, shows the actions whose observation triggered the neurons and the number of neurons responsive to the observation of each of them, respectively. Twelve neurons responded to the observation of one action only, while the remainders responded to the observation of two ...
... Table 1, left and central columns, shows the actions whose observation triggered the neurons and the number of neurons responsive to the observation of each of them, respectively. Twelve neurons responded to the observation of one action only, while the remainders responded to the observation of two ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... coefficient method was used to test for significant correlations between the brainstem OSP and the spinal CDP (P < 0.01). Change point of neuronal onset and offset Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this ...
... coefficient method was used to test for significant correlations between the brainstem OSP and the spinal CDP (P < 0.01). Change point of neuronal onset and offset Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this ...
A plastic axonal hotspot
... and require stronger stimulation to fire. To achieve more precise control over neuronal activity, Grubb and Burrone manipulated their cultures so that the neurons expressed a membrane protein called channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), which is a light-activated ion channel14 (Fig. 1a). They could then use li ...
... and require stronger stimulation to fire. To achieve more precise control over neuronal activity, Grubb and Burrone manipulated their cultures so that the neurons expressed a membrane protein called channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), which is a light-activated ion channel14 (Fig. 1a). They could then use li ...
Segregated Cell Populations Enable Distinct Parallel Encoding
... populations. Following injections at respectively E14 and E17, they analyzed the transcriptional variability between the two portions. They confirmed previous immunochemistry studies that showed a difference in location of zinc-containing and calbindin-positive neurons along the radial axis of CA1 [ ...
... populations. Following injections at respectively E14 and E17, they analyzed the transcriptional variability between the two portions. They confirmed previous immunochemistry studies that showed a difference in location of zinc-containing and calbindin-positive neurons along the radial axis of CA1 [ ...
The hippocampus in spatial navigation and memory consolidation
... A detective story, or – the rationale that led Menno Witter (neuroanatomist) and the Mosers (electrophysiologists) to look for tight spatial responses in dorsal MEC – which led to the discovery of grid cells in 2004/5: 1) Ventral regions of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) were studied electrophysiolg ...
... A detective story, or – the rationale that led Menno Witter (neuroanatomist) and the Mosers (electrophysiologists) to look for tight spatial responses in dorsal MEC – which led to the discovery of grid cells in 2004/5: 1) Ventral regions of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) were studied electrophysiolg ...
Battisti_abstractEACD2012
... On the physiological side, the ultrastructural disposition of brain during LNM explains the spontaneous (general movements from gravity) and responsive motor states (succion, light, noise, smell) of the newborn. It represents the major intrinsic mechanism: 1. Slowly and progressively, to integrate t ...
... On the physiological side, the ultrastructural disposition of brain during LNM explains the spontaneous (general movements from gravity) and responsive motor states (succion, light, noise, smell) of the newborn. It represents the major intrinsic mechanism: 1. Slowly and progressively, to integrate t ...
and Third-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli
... and Shapley, 1976; Victor, 1988), and catfish amacrine and ganglion cells (Sakai and Naka, 1987). The rectifying process in vertebrate retina seems to accompany either a saturating (Hochstein and Shapley, 1976; Victor, 1988) or an accelerating process (Sakai and Naka, 1987; Enroth-Cugell and Freeman ...
... and Shapley, 1976; Victor, 1988), and catfish amacrine and ganglion cells (Sakai and Naka, 1987). The rectifying process in vertebrate retina seems to accompany either a saturating (Hochstein and Shapley, 1976; Victor, 1988) or an accelerating process (Sakai and Naka, 1987; Enroth-Cugell and Freeman ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... 2008. First published July 16, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90536.2008. The selectivity of sensory neurons for stimuli is often shaped by a balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs, making this balance an effective target for regulation. In the inferior colliculus (IC), an auditory midbrain nucleus, ...
... 2008. First published July 16, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90536.2008. The selectivity of sensory neurons for stimuli is often shaped by a balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs, making this balance an effective target for regulation. In the inferior colliculus (IC), an auditory midbrain nucleus, ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
Texture discrimination and unit recordings in the rat
... Training consisted of five stages. During Stage 1, in the first 2 weeks, the animals were acclimated to handling by the trainer and to wearing the tether. During Stage 2, which lasted 1 – 3 days, rats learned to associate the training apparatus with water availability. For 1 h daily they were tether ...
... Training consisted of five stages. During Stage 1, in the first 2 weeks, the animals were acclimated to handling by the trainer and to wearing the tether. During Stage 2, which lasted 1 – 3 days, rats learned to associate the training apparatus with water availability. For 1 h daily they were tether ...
Focus on Vocabulary Chapter 02
... emission tomography) scan, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan, and fMRI (functional MRI), provide us with a greater-than-normal (Superman-like) ability to look inside (peer into) the cortex without destroying tissue. (Note: Superman is a comic-book, TV, and movie character with X-ray vision, whic ...
... emission tomography) scan, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan, and fMRI (functional MRI), provide us with a greater-than-normal (Superman-like) ability to look inside (peer into) the cortex without destroying tissue. (Note: Superman is a comic-book, TV, and movie character with X-ray vision, whic ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... were analyzed in semithin sections. In order to avoid multiple analysis of the same neuron, only two semithin sections (1 pm) of every tissue block (SO-100 km section) were taken for counts of immunoreactive terminals at putative OPNs. All termmals were classified with regard to their location on OP ...
... were analyzed in semithin sections. In order to avoid multiple analysis of the same neuron, only two semithin sections (1 pm) of every tissue block (SO-100 km section) were taken for counts of immunoreactive terminals at putative OPNs. All termmals were classified with regard to their location on OP ...
POWERPOINT VERSION ()
... Cerebral Cortex – thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum; contains 75% of all neurons in nervous system ...
... Cerebral Cortex – thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum; contains 75% of all neurons in nervous system ...
Biosc_48_Chapter_9_lecture
... Autonomic motor system has two sets of neurons in the PNS. The preganglionic neuron has cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord and synapses in an autonomic ganglion The postganglionic neuron has cell bodies in the ganglion and synapses on the effector ...
... Autonomic motor system has two sets of neurons in the PNS. The preganglionic neuron has cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord and synapses in an autonomic ganglion The postganglionic neuron has cell bodies in the ganglion and synapses on the effector ...