Membrane potential moves toward the K equilibrium
... Some higher functions only exist in one hemisphere - unilateral (eg language in left hemisphere only). PNS – cutting of an axon leads to sprouting from the cut end in order to re-establish a connection – i.e. it can regenerate, although this is not always successful as the connections can get mixed ...
... Some higher functions only exist in one hemisphere - unilateral (eg language in left hemisphere only). PNS – cutting of an axon leads to sprouting from the cut end in order to re-establish a connection – i.e. it can regenerate, although this is not always successful as the connections can get mixed ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... There is a convergence between cognitive models of imitation, constructs derived from social psychology studies on mimicry and empathy, and recent empirical findings from the neurosciences. The ideomotor framework of human actions assumes a common representational format for action and perception tha ...
... There is a convergence between cognitive models of imitation, constructs derived from social psychology studies on mimicry and empathy, and recent empirical findings from the neurosciences. The ideomotor framework of human actions assumes a common representational format for action and perception tha ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... were tested: activity type, timing of activity, excitation/inhibition, call-pattern correlation, call specificity, and pre-vocal onset time. Statistical analyses were performed for the syllable pre-onset times by a univariate variance analysis (general linear model) comparing general Figure 2. Front ...
... were tested: activity type, timing of activity, excitation/inhibition, call-pattern correlation, call specificity, and pre-vocal onset time. Statistical analyses were performed for the syllable pre-onset times by a univariate variance analysis (general linear model) comparing general Figure 2. Front ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... Both groups of OC neurons have fibers that branch extensively in the cochlea (Fig. 2.3). The end result of the branching is that a relatively small number of OC neurons gives rise to numerous synapses in the cochlea. LOC fibers synapse mainly on dendrites of auditory nerve fibers beneath IHCs. In th ...
... Both groups of OC neurons have fibers that branch extensively in the cochlea (Fig. 2.3). The end result of the branching is that a relatively small number of OC neurons gives rise to numerous synapses in the cochlea. LOC fibers synapse mainly on dendrites of auditory nerve fibers beneath IHCs. In th ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... processing also suggest that appreciable intermixing may occur (see Van Essen, 1985; DeYoe and Van Essen, 1988). In sum, the available evidence is sufficiently inconclusive that it would be consistent either with the P and M channels being the primary determinants of the differences between the temp ...
... processing also suggest that appreciable intermixing may occur (see Van Essen, 1985; DeYoe and Van Essen, 1988). In sum, the available evidence is sufficiently inconclusive that it would be consistent either with the P and M channels being the primary determinants of the differences between the temp ...
the nervous system
... The CNS is the control centre of the body. The brain and the spinal cord make up the CNS. The spinal cord relays messages from the body to the brain. The brain analyzes and interprets the message. Response messages are then relayed from the brain through the spinal cord to the rest of the body. The ...
... The CNS is the control centre of the body. The brain and the spinal cord make up the CNS. The spinal cord relays messages from the body to the brain. The brain analyzes and interprets the message. Response messages are then relayed from the brain through the spinal cord to the rest of the body. The ...
Chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system -
... The ENS is capable of autonomous functions such as the coordination of reflexes; although it receives considerable innervation from the autonomic nervous system, it can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord. Its study is the focus of neurogastroenterology. ENS function can ...
... The ENS is capable of autonomous functions such as the coordination of reflexes; although it receives considerable innervation from the autonomic nervous system, it can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord. Its study is the focus of neurogastroenterology. ENS function can ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... network spontaneously self-organized into neuronal groups even in the absence of correlated input. Each such group is made up of tens to hundreds of neurons that can fire timelocked spiking patterns with millisecond precision. Neurons in the model did not fire unless the network received some level ...
... network spontaneously self-organized into neuronal groups even in the absence of correlated input. Each such group is made up of tens to hundreds of neurons that can fire timelocked spiking patterns with millisecond precision. Neurons in the model did not fire unless the network received some level ...
The Skeletal System
... Moves with the use of ATP ATP can come creatine phosphate Able to generate enough ATP to keep muscles contracted for about 15 seconds ...
... Moves with the use of ATP ATP can come creatine phosphate Able to generate enough ATP to keep muscles contracted for about 15 seconds ...
Direct somatic lineage conversion - Philosophical Transactions of
... co-expression of these 19 factors induced a neuronal morphology and the expressions of a pan-neural marker albeit only with very low efficiency. Assuming that a smaller combination of factors may increase the conversion efficiency, we sought to identify the critical factors within the pool. We found ...
... co-expression of these 19 factors induced a neuronal morphology and the expressions of a pan-neural marker albeit only with very low efficiency. Assuming that a smaller combination of factors may increase the conversion efficiency, we sought to identify the critical factors within the pool. We found ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
... Discussion on Philosophy and Methodology (2) The theory of attractor neural networks (ANN) has engaged in providing a minimal amount of propositions which can be confronted with experiment. ...
... Discussion on Philosophy and Methodology (2) The theory of attractor neural networks (ANN) has engaged in providing a minimal amount of propositions which can be confronted with experiment. ...
Large-Scale Fluorescence Calcium-Imaging
... uses normally for memory processing and storage. In many cases, these representations appear to be distributed over large networks of cells and multiple brain areas (Tse et al. 2007; Goshen et al. 2011; Cowansage et al. 2014; Redondo et al. 2014). As computer scientists well appreciate, the manner i ...
... uses normally for memory processing and storage. In many cases, these representations appear to be distributed over large networks of cells and multiple brain areas (Tse et al. 2007; Goshen et al. 2011; Cowansage et al. 2014; Redondo et al. 2014). As computer scientists well appreciate, the manner i ...
Neurons, Astrocytes, and Oligodendrocytes of the Rat Cerebral
... cell-cell interactions, control the fate of cells. However, recent reports have suggested that a cortical cell’s identity may be specified even before it leaves the ventricular zone, implying a greater influence of inherited factors, such as cytoplasmic determinants, in dictating cell fate (Levitt e ...
... cell-cell interactions, control the fate of cells. However, recent reports have suggested that a cortical cell’s identity may be specified even before it leaves the ventricular zone, implying a greater influence of inherited factors, such as cytoplasmic determinants, in dictating cell fate (Levitt e ...
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... o The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
... o The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... has key attributes of associative memory that make it an attractive candidate for the storage of behaviorally relevant auditory information. In addition to being associative, it is highly specific to the frequency of the conditioned stimulus, discriminative, develops rapidly, consolidates over hours ...
... has key attributes of associative memory that make it an attractive candidate for the storage of behaviorally relevant auditory information. In addition to being associative, it is highly specific to the frequency of the conditioned stimulus, discriminative, develops rapidly, consolidates over hours ...
Chapter 12 *Lecture PowerPoint Nervous Tissue
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
Interfacing Real-Time Spiking I/O with the SpiNNaker neuromimetic
... Artificial spiking neural network (ANN) simulation has been widely investigated in the recent past, with many attempts being made to simulate networks in real-time and with increasing biological realism. ANNs have been widely used to interface with sensors, revealing features and details which are t ...
... Artificial spiking neural network (ANN) simulation has been widely investigated in the recent past, with many attempts being made to simulate networks in real-time and with increasing biological realism. ANNs have been widely used to interface with sensors, revealing features and details which are t ...
Sense Organs
... graded voltage change across the plasma membrane of the receptor cell. The receptor potential may cause a receptor cell (which is not always a neuron) to release a neurotransmitter that stimulates an adjacent neuron. If the receptor itself is a neuron and the voltage reaches threshold, the neuron fi ...
... graded voltage change across the plasma membrane of the receptor cell. The receptor potential may cause a receptor cell (which is not always a neuron) to release a neurotransmitter that stimulates an adjacent neuron. If the receptor itself is a neuron and the voltage reaches threshold, the neuron fi ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM: SPINAL CORD AND SPINAL NERVES
... Peripheral Distribu>on of Spinal Nerves • Each spinal nerve is formed from the fusion of dorsal and ventral roots as they pass through the intervertebral foramen • Nerves then divide into several branches ...
... Peripheral Distribu>on of Spinal Nerves • Each spinal nerve is formed from the fusion of dorsal and ventral roots as they pass through the intervertebral foramen • Nerves then divide into several branches ...
A Gaussian Approach to Neural Nets with Multiple Memory Domains
... strengths of the synaptic coupling coefficients. The neurons are characterized by the absolute refractory period, the firing threshold and the synaptic delay . It is assumed here that the refractory period is greater than the synaptic delay, but less than twice the synaptic delay. A parameter r ...
... strengths of the synaptic coupling coefficients. The neurons are characterized by the absolute refractory period, the firing threshold and the synaptic delay . It is assumed here that the refractory period is greater than the synaptic delay, but less than twice the synaptic delay. A parameter r ...
Chapter 13 - Martini
... – Example – reflexes that result in a complex series of responses simultaneously ...
... – Example – reflexes that result in a complex series of responses simultaneously ...