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Dependent Clause Constructions Key Examples
Dependent Clause Constructions Key Examples

... cr animal kill=act.irr=pl that animal=gen meat take=act.irr quot say=act.pst ‘Whatever animal they kill, that animal’s meat they should bring, he said.’ (Peterson 2006: 299) Correlative construction Remark: There are two types of correlative constructions: (i) With je-class markers: ...
ISSUES IN THE PLACEMENT OF ENCLITIC PERSONAL
ISSUES IN THE PLACEMENT OF ENCLITIC PERSONAL

... Sanskrit that can otherwise not be recovered easily and should not be ignored. This needs to be said as the generative tradition has a tendency to avoid poetry due to the poetic license taken in such texts that complicates matters of syntax. Again, there is occasionally good reason to avoid some poe ...
The subjunctive in Spanish
The subjunctive in Spanish

... heard in everyday speech, and is usually reserved for literature, archaic phrases and expressions, and legal documents. Phrases expressing the subjunctive in a future period instead employ the present subjunctive. For example: "I hope that it will rain tomorrow" would simply be "Espero que llueva ma ...
an analysis of lexical phrases in business letters: an online business
an analysis of lexical phrases in business letters: an online business

... They were analyzed in terms of form as collocations and multi-word expressions and in terms of function as politeness and as social interactional and discourse devices. The five textbooks were transcribed and compiled into a corpus. The concordancer program was used to examine the frequency of lexic ...
valency - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
valency - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... actants (first / non-first) and circumstants ...
C. The Verb
C. The Verb

... "Unaccusative verb | Special kind of intransitive verb. Semantically, its subject does not actively initiate or is not actively responsible for the action of the verb; rather, it has properties which it shares with the direct object of a transitive verb (or better, with the grammatical subject of it ...
Robust French syntax analysis : reconciling statistical methods and
Robust French syntax analysis : reconciling statistical methods and

... Acknowledgements This thesis was not written in isolation, but rather within a strongly supportive context, both inside the CLLE-ERSS linguistics research laboratory, and in my wider personal and professional life. Before embarking on the subject matter itself, I would like to thank all of those wi ...
Case Selection for the Direct Object in Russian Negative Clauses. Part
Case Selection for the Direct Object in Russian Negative Clauses. Part

... task in itself; but if every clause is to be coded in respect of more than 50 variables, the amount of work involved increases manyfold. It was therefore necessary to settle for a corpus of 4,037 clauses. 2. A wide range of styles should be represented in the material. As stylistic factors seem to h ...
TYPES OF SCRAMBLING IN KOREAN SYNTAX EUNSUK LEE A
TYPES OF SCRAMBLING IN KOREAN SYNTAX EUNSUK LEE A

... syntactic theories in the minimalist framework where such a parameter cannot be naturally stated. Korean scrambling has several limitations. It is blocked from preposing the verb. It does not commute noun phrases that bear the same Case, nor does it prepose the right member of a small clause. I argu ...
Semi-Compositional Noun + Verb Constructions
Semi-Compositional Noun + Verb Constructions

... Results of rule-based methods enhanced by syntactic features for semi-compositional constructions in terms of precision, recall and F-measure evaluated on the 30% of SzegedParalellFX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
A Study of Word Order Variation in German, with Special Reference
A Study of Word Order Variation in German, with Special Reference

... deal with word order variation in Machine Translation. It specially refers to modifier placement, as modifiers are generally neglected in linguistic (word order) description. The order of phrases in free word order languages is not entirely free, as some variations can be ungrammatical, and further ...
Diachrony in Clause Linkage and Related Issues By Toshio Ohori
Diachrony in Clause Linkage and Related Issues By Toshio Ohori

... various conceptual ramifications, which any grammatical theory must take good care of. This granted, there still can be, and in fact are, several branching points in approaching the phenomena under investigation, and I will discuss some of them below in order to clarify my general theoretical outloo ...
The Columbia Guide to Standard American English
The Columbia Guide to Standard American English

... Each of the labels just mentioned, as well as those in the figure, has its own full entry in this guide, as do level, context, and nearly all other language-related terms that appear in the advice given in the guide's roughly sixty-five hundred usage entries. Whenever you encounter a language-relate ...
The Latvian dative and genitive: A Cognitive Grammar - DUO
The Latvian dative and genitive: A Cognitive Grammar - DUO

... 5. Summary and conclusions............................................................................................204 References .......................................................................................................................213 Appendix.................................... ...
Free from “www.pawankumar.org”. © All copyrights are
Free from “www.pawankumar.org”. © All copyrights are

... I wrote the pronunciations in Hindi because psychologically many students still have the fear of learning „Another Foreign Language‟, when they are not perfect enough in English. Hindi pronunciations help them overcome this fear and give them „The Vision‟ which they are familiar with. I gave an equi ...
deverbal nominals in xhosa
deverbal nominals in xhosa

... throughout my secondary and university education to be what I am today. Lume, the seed has germinated. To my children, Luthando, Zintle and Loyiso Junior, who was born during the critical time of my writing of this dissertation and saw very little me as I was focusing on my writings. I am truly sorr ...
A Complete Grammar of the German Language
A Complete Grammar of the German Language

... Thk favor with which the author's Elementary German Grammar has been received, together with numerous re quests from eminent teachers of modern languages, for " a course" on a plan similar to that pursued in his elementary book, has induced him to prepare and publish the present volume. It is after ...
- SOAS Research Online
- SOAS Research Online

... In this analysis I describe three aspects and their markers in siSwati, two of which have a common feature as they both link two separate time periods and are called dual-time period aspects. One is the PERSISTIVE, morphologically encoded by -sa-, which is welldocumented and studied cross-linguistic ...
Interlingua Based English Hindi Machine Translation and Language
Interlingua Based English Hindi Machine Translation and Language

... The World Wide Web contents are mostly in English and cannot be accessed without some proficiency in this language. This is true for other languages too. The Universal Networking Language (UNL) has been proposed by the United Nations University (UNU) for overcoming the language barrier. However, a p ...
6. A Biography of the English Language, 3rd Edition
6. A Biography of the English Language, 3rd Edition

... in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United St ...
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

... up the cross-references given – that way you will understand both the structures of Spanish and the way in which they are used. There is also an index of words and topics so that you can find information again quickly and easily. Third person verbs, pronouns and possessive adjectives are often potent ...
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

... up the cross-references given – that way you will understand both the structures of Spanish and the way in which they are used. There is also an index of words and topics so that you can find information again quickly and easily. Third person verbs, pronouns and possessive adjectives are often potent ...
Further and Farther
Further and Farther

... 1.3 Further and farther: Historical functional overlap It is easy to assume with the different meanings that further has come to acquire due to subjectification that the functional differentiation between the two forms has always been in place. However, a survey of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED ...
PDF Longman English Grammar Practice
PDF Longman English Grammar Practice

... You will sometimes find that you know some, but not all, of the points in an exercise marked [**]. 2 Do the exercises (called Write). Always leave the story till last (called Context). 3 Check your answers with your teacher. 4 If you have made mistakes, study the notes again until you have understoo ...
Absolute Clauses in the Literature
Absolute Clauses in the Literature

... construction is always nominative, or at least the subject of the English absolute clauses is nominative; it is participle because the logical predicate is always participial. Jespersen (1937: 126) considers that the two names are both inappropriate and consequently uses the term “nexus tertiary.” T ...
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French grammar

French grammar is the grammar of the French language, which in many respects is quite similar to that of the other Romance languages.French is a moderately inflected language. Nouns and most pronouns are inflected for number (singular or plural, though in most nouns the plural is pronounced the same as the singular even if spelled differently); adjectives, for number and gender (masculine or feminine) of their nouns; personal pronouns and a few other pronouns, for person, number, gender, and case; and verbs, for tense, aspect, mood, and the person and number of their subjects. Case is primarily marked using word order and prepositions, while certain verb features are marked using auxiliary verbs.
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