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word-formation in english
word-formation in english

... However, there are some cases in which word integrity is violated. For example, the plural of son-in-law is not ∗ son-in-laws but sons-in-law. Under the assumption that son-in-law is one word (i.e. some kind of compound), the plural ending is inserted inside the word and not at the end. Apart from c ...
AUTOMATIC PARSING OF PORTUGUESE Eckhard Bick
AUTOMATIC PARSING OF PORTUGUESE Eckhard Bick

... When comparing different syntactic descriptions, information content and constituent structure are only two of all the possible judgement perspectives, and both are motivated by certain theoretical backgrounds, like functional or generative grammar. It may be more revealing, however, to take into ac ...
Lexical Semantics … cont`d
Lexical Semantics … cont`d

... - I am tired and I want to go to bed. 3. A linguist wants to know how hearers not only recognize ambiguous sentences but can also use the surrounding context to choose the most likely of possible interpretations, e.g. - Visiting relatives can be very boring. ...
week 2 - summary
week 2 - summary

... Semantic borrowing means taking words from other languages. In most languages the vast majority of new words are in fact borrowings from other languages Types of borrowing Languages usually borrow words from other languages in two ways:  the foreign word is directly transported into the language; f ...
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 Indonesian
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 Indonesian

... languages used for the artificial languages of logics and computer programs. 2. Semantics. The semantics provides the meaning of the utterances or sentences of the language. Although general semantic theories exist, when we build a natural language understanding system for a particular application, ...
Лексикология современного английского языка : практикум
Лексикология современного английского языка : практикум

... we have no commonly used term derived from Greek, but which are sometimes called anthroponyms. My discussion is limited to these two types, but it can be noted that other varieties exist, such as eth­ nonyms — terms referring to nationalities or ethnic groups — and glottonyms, referring to languages ...
Dreams Come True - Applied Scholastics Online Academy
Dreams Come True - Applied Scholastics Online Academy

... Darcy and Martha stayed outside the classroom (outside is a preposition because it shows the relationship between the girls and the classroom). ...
Using constraint grammar in the Bangor Autoglosser to
Using constraint grammar in the Bangor Autoglosser to

... to disambiguate surface forms in connected multilingual speech. The resulting autoglosser output shows 97-99% accuracy over all three languages. We discuss the CG rules that help deliver this, noting the differences between those applying to Welsh and Spanish, and those applying to English. ...
Test 1 Training - Assets - Cambridge University Press
Test 1 Training - Assets - Cambridge University Press

... We could go to the cinema and we could also make shopping. It’s a great honour for our company to earn a prize like this. The other students are interesting and I think I’ll spend a nice time with them. I would like to travel during the school holidays, in order not to lose any classes. I hope you w ...
Morphology: the word of language
Morphology: the word of language

... Back-formation Specified reduction process Word of one type is reduced to form a word of another type (usually N → V) ...
A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer, Disambiguator and
A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer, Disambiguator and

... Although more sophisticated algorithms for unsupervised learning - which can be trained on plain text instead on manually tagged corpora are well established (see e.g. Merialdo, 1994), we decided not to use them. The main reason is that with large tag sets, the sparse-data-problem can become so seve ...
phrase index
phrase index

... For X AND Y, we have to intersect 2 lists Most documents will contain only one of the two terms ...
A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer, Disambiguator and
A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer, Disambiguator and

... Although more sophisticated algorithms for unsupervised learning - which can be trained on plain text instead on manually tagged corpora are well established (see e.g. Merialdo, 1994), we decided not to use them. The main reason is that with large tag sets, the sparse-data-problem can become so seve ...
prepositional phrase - Warren County Schools
prepositional phrase - Warren County Schools

... Just wait until tomorrow. Sam left the house without his jacket. Have you read the letter from your cousin? During the past month, I have read ten books. Sally ran across the street. The chemist knows the answer to the question. Drive down the road. ...
Phonics
Phonics

... short vowel rule in all cases. They are tricky. In most cases they have a long vowel sound, not short, except for wind and wind, which can be long or short! ...
Semantics, Acquisition of
Semantics, Acquisition of

... the word gavagai. In principle there are a variety of things that this word can mean, including familiar concepts such as running, rabbit, and dinner, as well as less familiar ones such as rabbitrunning and undetached-rabbit-parts. The child must figure out which of these many concepts the word shou ...
Using the Dictionary
Using the Dictionary

... 5. Pronunciation. The phonetic equivalent of the main entry is given in parentheses following the main entry. By using the key supplied in the front of each dictionary, you can determine the correct pronunciation of any main entry. Some words have more than one pronunciation. Many dictionaries list ...
Semantic memory for syntactic disambiguation
Semantic memory for syntactic disambiguation

... ambiguity we address in this paper. The system performed very well, as expected, for this set; most parsing failures were due to words missing in WordNet and hence not available to the system for subsequent processing: “telecommuting” or “face-painting” as verbs, for example. We also created a test ...
Derivational affixes
Derivational affixes

... called a type and examples of individual members of the class are called tokens. In mathematic linguistics the total number of words in a text may be referred to as the number of text tokens, and the number of different words as the number of text types. The ratio of different words in a text to the ...
Lexical Semantics … cont`d
Lexical Semantics … cont`d

... - I am tired and I want to go to bed. 3. A linguist wants to know how hearers not only recognize ambiguous sentences but can also use the surrounding context to choose the most likely of possible interpretations, e.g. - Visiting relatives can be very boring. ...
english to sanskrit machine translation semantic mapper
english to sanskrit machine translation semantic mapper

... in its alphabet while Sanskrit has forty-two character or varanas in its alphabet. The English have five vowels (a, e, i, 0 and u) and twenty one consonants while Sanskrit have nine vowels or swaras (a, aa, i, ii, u, uu, re, ree and Ie) and thirty three consonants or vyanjanas. These express nearly ...
Using Ontology Alignment for the TAC RTE Challenge
Using Ontology Alignment for the TAC RTE Challenge

... runs is the machine learning algorithm used. The runs for the 3-way task were automatically scored for the 2-way task, were pairs tagged as “contradiction” or “unknown” are retagged as “no entailment”. Run 1 used the WEKA B40 decision tree classifier, which compared with human annotated answers resu ...
What Is a Word?
What Is a Word?

... called a type and examples of individual members of the class are called tokens. In mathematic linguistics the total number of words in a text may be referred to as the number of text tokens, and the number of different words as the number of text types. The ratio of different words in a text to the ...
ARTS LANGUAGE
ARTS LANGUAGE

... If you came across the words si thin nama a gehadgod, you probably would not recognize them as English. Actually the phrase is a fragment of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) corresponding to hallowed be thy name. How could English have changed so much in a mere one thousand years? Part of the answer is tha ...
next word index
next word index

... For X AND Y, we have to intersect 2 lists Most documents will contain only one of the two terms ...
< 1 ... 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ... 42 >

Word-sense disambiguation

In computational linguistics, word-sense disambiguation (WSD) is an open problem of natural language processing and ontology. WSD is identifying which sense of a word (i.e. meaning) is used in a sentence, when the word has multiple meanings. The solution to this problem impacts other computer-related writing, such as discourse, improving relevance of search engines, anaphora resolution, coherence, inference et cetera.The human brain is quite proficient at word-sense disambiguation. The fact that natural language is formed in a way that requires so much of it is a reflection of that neurologic reality. In other words, human language developed in a way that reflects (and also has helped to shape) the innate ability provided by the brain's neural networks. In computer science and the information technology that it enables, it has been a long-term challenge to develop the ability in computers to do natural language processing and machine learning.To date, a rich variety of techniques have been researched, from dictionary-based methods that use the knowledge encoded in lexical resources, to supervised machine learning methods in which a classifier is trained for each distinct word on a corpus of manually sense-annotated examples, to completely unsupervised methods that cluster occurrences of words, thereby inducing word senses. Among these, supervised learning approaches have been the most successful algorithms to date.Current accuracy is difficult to state without a host of caveats. In English, accuracy at the coarse-grained (homograph) level is routinely above 90%, with some methods on particular homographs achieving over 96%. On finer-grained sense distinctions, top accuracies from 59.1% to 69.0% have been reported in recent evaluation exercises (SemEval-2007, Senseval-2), where the baseline accuracy of the simplest possible algorithm of always choosing the most frequent sense was 51.4% and 57%, respectively.
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