Some insights into computational models of (patho)physiological
... permeation, selectivity and gating. A microscopic model of ionic permeation in the selectivity filter of ionic channels has been developed by Wu ([18]). The model is based on molecular kinetic theory and makes many specific assumptions about ion – environment interactions (e. g., ions move independe ...
... permeation, selectivity and gating. A microscopic model of ionic permeation in the selectivity filter of ionic channels has been developed by Wu ([18]). The model is based on molecular kinetic theory and makes many specific assumptions about ion – environment interactions (e. g., ions move independe ...
How Simple Cells Are Made in a Nonlinear Network Model of the
... techniques that proved usef ul for studying the linearity of spatial signal summation in retinal ganglion cells (Enroth-Cugell and Robson, 1966; Hochstein and Shapley, 1976) and LGN cells (Kaplan and Shapley, 1982), were applied to visual cortex. Figure 1, A and B (De Valois et al., 1982), shows exp ...
... techniques that proved usef ul for studying the linearity of spatial signal summation in retinal ganglion cells (Enroth-Cugell and Robson, 1966; Hochstein and Shapley, 1976) and LGN cells (Kaplan and Shapley, 1982), were applied to visual cortex. Figure 1, A and B (De Valois et al., 1982), shows exp ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... Eight main axonal tracts werelabeledwith the acetylated tubulin antibody in the forebrain and midbrain of 28 hr embryos (n = 27; Figs. 1, 2). We identified these tracts by comparisonswith the tracts in adult fishes(Johnston, 1911; Ariens Kapperset al., 1936)and with the early brain tracts in amphibi ...
... Eight main axonal tracts werelabeledwith the acetylated tubulin antibody in the forebrain and midbrain of 28 hr embryos (n = 27; Figs. 1, 2). We identified these tracts by comparisonswith the tracts in adult fishes(Johnston, 1911; Ariens Kapperset al., 1936)and with the early brain tracts in amphibi ...
Probing electrical signals in the retina via graphene
... ONH during photocurrent recording.27 As demonstrated in Fig. 1D, a CTB-labeled (red) whole retina was placed on top of graphene transistors, where the dark regions are opaque gold electrode arrays. The fluorescence image presents the structure of the RGC layer. All the axons of RGCs from different pa ...
... ONH during photocurrent recording.27 As demonstrated in Fig. 1D, a CTB-labeled (red) whole retina was placed on top of graphene transistors, where the dark regions are opaque gold electrode arrays. The fluorescence image presents the structure of the RGC layer. All the axons of RGCs from different pa ...
The Brain of the Planarian as the Ancestor of the Human Brain
... increasing intensity of electrical stimulation is abolished if the brain is bisected by commissurotomy,21 analogous to the release from inhibition in the human spinal cord if the pyramidal tract or the contralateral motor cortex is damaged. Interneurons in the planarian are either spiking or silent, ...
... increasing intensity of electrical stimulation is abolished if the brain is bisected by commissurotomy,21 analogous to the release from inhibition in the human spinal cord if the pyramidal tract or the contralateral motor cortex is damaged. Interneurons in the planarian are either spiking or silent, ...
Golgi: a life in science - Oxford Academic
... poorly understood. The available methods for preserving and staining nervous tissue yielded an incomplete picture. The painstaking work of Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters [(1834–63); 1865] had demonstrated the continuity between the nerve cell and its dendrites and axon, but his work involved tedious di ...
... poorly understood. The available methods for preserving and staining nervous tissue yielded an incomplete picture. The painstaking work of Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters [(1834–63); 1865] had demonstrated the continuity between the nerve cell and its dendrites and axon, but his work involved tedious di ...
Neuroscience: the Science of the Brain
... dendritic spines. These are where incoming axons make most of their connections. Proteins transported to the spines are important for creating and maintaining neuronal connectivity. These proteins are constantly turning over, being replaced by new ones when they’ve done their job. All this activity ...
... dendritic spines. These are where incoming axons make most of their connections. Proteins transported to the spines are important for creating and maintaining neuronal connectivity. These proteins are constantly turning over, being replaced by new ones when they’ve done their job. All this activity ...
UNIT II - Elsevier Health
... the potential of the extracellular fluid. Then, as the recording electrode passes through the voltage change area at the cell membrane (called the electrical dipole layer), the potential decreases abruptly to −90 millivolts. Moving across the center of the fiber, the potential remains at a steady −9 ...
... the potential of the extracellular fluid. Then, as the recording electrode passes through the voltage change area at the cell membrane (called the electrical dipole layer), the potential decreases abruptly to −90 millivolts. Moving across the center of the fiber, the potential remains at a steady −9 ...
Review. Glial cells in neuronal network function
... ion channels, the level of expression of some key channels is relatively low and consequently they are not electrically excitable (e.g. Orkand et al. 1966; Sontheimer 1994; Verkhratsky & Steinhäuser 2000; Seifert & Steinhäuser 2001). Astrocytes are known to play relevant roles in numerous processe ...
... ion channels, the level of expression of some key channels is relatively low and consequently they are not electrically excitable (e.g. Orkand et al. 1966; Sontheimer 1994; Verkhratsky & Steinhäuser 2000; Seifert & Steinhäuser 2001). Astrocytes are known to play relevant roles in numerous processe ...
Zebrafish primary neurons initiate expression of the
... sectioned using a cryostat. 10 µm sections were mounted on gelatinised (‘subbed’) slides, dehydrated, counterstained with methylene green and embedded in DPX under coverslips. Double labelling with anti-Isl-1 and anti-HNK-1 or antiacetylated -tubulin antibodies After staining with the anti-Isl-1 ant ...
... sectioned using a cryostat. 10 µm sections were mounted on gelatinised (‘subbed’) slides, dehydrated, counterstained with methylene green and embedded in DPX under coverslips. Double labelling with anti-Isl-1 and anti-HNK-1 or antiacetylated -tubulin antibodies After staining with the anti-Isl-1 ant ...
Target neuron prespecification in the olfactory map of Drosophila
... letters to nature model seems unlikely in both mice and Drosophila. We wanted to distinguish whether Drosophila projection neurons are speci®ed by virtue of their connection with ORNs (Fig. 1a) or are independently speci®ed (Fig. 1c). The MARCM (mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker) syste ...
... letters to nature model seems unlikely in both mice and Drosophila. We wanted to distinguish whether Drosophila projection neurons are speci®ed by virtue of their connection with ORNs (Fig. 1a) or are independently speci®ed (Fig. 1c). The MARCM (mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker) syste ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... ment of rapid changes in transmembrane potential, such as action potentials. The optical signals from neuronal processes stained with voltage-sensitive dyes are linear with membrane potential (Ross et al. 1977). If multiple neurons are recorded optically by a single detector, the optical signal repr ...
... ment of rapid changes in transmembrane potential, such as action potentials. The optical signals from neuronal processes stained with voltage-sensitive dyes are linear with membrane potential (Ross et al. 1977). If multiple neurons are recorded optically by a single detector, the optical signal repr ...
Visual Motion Perception using Critical Branching Neural Computation
... using the reservoir computing framework. The model builds on previous work by Maass et al. (2002a) and Burgsteiner et al. (2006) who developed LSMs for predicting future locations of objects in motion. Here we replicate and extend their work by 1) developing a new model for tuning reservoir dynamics ...
... using the reservoir computing framework. The model builds on previous work by Maass et al. (2002a) and Burgsteiner et al. (2006) who developed LSMs for predicting future locations of objects in motion. Here we replicate and extend their work by 1) developing a new model for tuning reservoir dynamics ...
Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... of Ions Through Voltage-Gated Channels An important early clue about how action potentials are generated came from an experiment performed by Kenneth Cole and Howard Curtis. While recording from the giant axon of the squid they found that the ion conductance across the membrane increasesdramatically ...
... of Ions Through Voltage-Gated Channels An important early clue about how action potentials are generated came from an experiment performed by Kenneth Cole and Howard Curtis. While recording from the giant axon of the squid they found that the ion conductance across the membrane increasesdramatically ...
Chapter 3 - University of South Alabama
... Nature's impulse is to distribute the ions so that they would become balanced on both sides of the cell membrane. If the ion concentrations were balanced on both sides of the cell membrane the ...
... Nature's impulse is to distribute the ions so that they would become balanced on both sides of the cell membrane. If the ion concentrations were balanced on both sides of the cell membrane the ...
Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring
... for keeping time: inhibitory interneuron networks [23]. Oscillatory timing can transform unconnected principal cell groups into temporal coalitions, providing maximal flexibility and economic use of their spikes [24]. Various architectures of inhibitory and excitatory neurons can give rise to oscill ...
... for keeping time: inhibitory interneuron networks [23]. Oscillatory timing can transform unconnected principal cell groups into temporal coalitions, providing maximal flexibility and economic use of their spikes [24]. Various architectures of inhibitory and excitatory neurons can give rise to oscill ...
Choline Esters
... Release of transmitter occurs when voltagesensitive calcium channels in the terminal membrane are opened, allowing an influx of calcium. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium causes fusion of vesicles with the surface membrane and exocytotic expulsion of acetylcholine and cotransmitters in ...
... Release of transmitter occurs when voltagesensitive calcium channels in the terminal membrane are opened, allowing an influx of calcium. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium causes fusion of vesicles with the surface membrane and exocytotic expulsion of acetylcholine and cotransmitters in ...
Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in Neocortical Slices
... stimulations. At the same time, EPSPs and IPSPs are routinely recorded intracellularly from neurons in slices even under conditions in which the slice is not stimulated. This suggests that some neurons in a “resting” brain slice must be active spontaneously and raises the issues of what is the natur ...
... stimulations. At the same time, EPSPs and IPSPs are routinely recorded intracellularly from neurons in slices even under conditions in which the slice is not stimulated. This suggests that some neurons in a “resting” brain slice must be active spontaneously and raises the issues of what is the natur ...
Odorant-induced Oscillations in the Mushroom Bodies of
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
DOWN - Ubiquitous Computing Lab
... • Distinct feature of human brain – Organized in such a way that different sensory inputs are represented by topologically ordered computational maps • Computational map – Basic building block in information-processing infrastructure of the nervous system – Array of neurons representing slightly dif ...
... • Distinct feature of human brain – Organized in such a way that different sensory inputs are represented by topologically ordered computational maps • Computational map – Basic building block in information-processing infrastructure of the nervous system – Array of neurons representing slightly dif ...
moth`s nervous system - Wageningen UR E
... associated with the MGC: the male-specific local and projection neurons. Stimulus quality. By means of intracellular recording and staining methods, we have examined the activity of AL neurons in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with each of the sex-pheromone components aswell as p ...
... associated with the MGC: the male-specific local and projection neurons. Stimulus quality. By means of intracellular recording and staining methods, we have examined the activity of AL neurons in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with each of the sex-pheromone components aswell as p ...
D5 (Not D1) Dopamine Receptors Potentiate Burst
... used to estimate overall significance. This was followed by two-by-two comparisons using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test. Values of p ⬍ 0.05 were considered as significant. Box plots were used for graphic presentation of the data because of the small sample sizes. The box plot presents ...
... used to estimate overall significance. This was followed by two-by-two comparisons using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test. Values of p ⬍ 0.05 were considered as significant. Box plots were used for graphic presentation of the data because of the small sample sizes. The box plot presents ...
Chapter 26
... Electrical information is transmitted to other neurons and muscles through synapses Activity in post-synaptic cells can be increased ...
... Electrical information is transmitted to other neurons and muscles through synapses Activity in post-synaptic cells can be increased ...
PDF file
... Although these two types of neurotransmitter are typically involved with both ‘‘low’’ level (e.g., pain and sweet) and ‘‘high’’ level punishments and rewards (e.g., stress and pleasure), we will simply use the terms pain and sweet for our discussion below due to their intuitiveness. They must be rel ...
... Although these two types of neurotransmitter are typically involved with both ‘‘low’’ level (e.g., pain and sweet) and ‘‘high’’ level punishments and rewards (e.g., stress and pleasure), we will simply use the terms pain and sweet for our discussion below due to their intuitiveness. They must be rel ...