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phrase index
phrase index

... Words and word forms • Inflection (D: verbuiging/vervoeging) - changing a word to express person, case, aspect, ... - for determiners, nouns, pronouns, adjectives: declination (D: verbuiging) - for verbs: conjugation (D: vervoeging) ...
parallelism / subordination
parallelism / subordination

...  Skim your paper, pausing at the words “and” and “or.” Check on each side of these words to see whether the items joined are parallel. If not, make them parallel. If you have several items in a list, put them in a column to see if they are parallel. Listen to the sound of the items in a list or b ...
part of speech tagging
part of speech tagging

... Once trained it I possible to convert the transformation-based tagger into an equivalent finite state transducer, a finite state automaton that has a pair of symbols on each arc, one input symbol and one output symbol. A finite state transducer passes over a chain of input symbols and converts it to ...
Literacy Curriculum – St Helens Primary School English Overview
Literacy Curriculum – St Helens Primary School English Overview

...  listen and respond appropriately to adults and their peers  ask relevant questions to extend their understanding and knowledge  use relevant strategies to build their vocabulary  articulate and justify answers, arguments and opinions  give well-structured descriptions, explanations and narrati ...
BBI3212 SYNTAX AND MORPHOLOGY
BBI3212 SYNTAX AND MORPHOLOGY

... Words – what are the component parts of words, and the principles that govern the combination of these parts into whole words. Morphemes – smallest unit of sound an meaning, building blocks of words. ...
Superhero Grammar Test - stmarys.brighton
Superhero Grammar Test - stmarys.brighton

... ____________ Batman said the film was boring. Spiderman, ________________ wanted to watch ...
Cue cards for PENS
Cue cards for PENS

... A group of words that show the place or time (where or when the action takes place) Each Prepositional Phrase has a preposition and at least one person, place, thing, quality or idea word (noun). A prepositional phrase is an Imposter. It pretends to be the Subject of a sentence. ...
Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech

... Material noun – iron, gold, tea, jute, milk, etc. Abstract noun – honesty, wisdom, beauty, poverty, etc. ...
Rhetorical Devices
Rhetorical Devices

... the true nature of a fact which might be rather difficult to describe adequately in a brief space, the writer may choose to understate the fact as a means of employing the reader's own powers of description. For example, instead of endeavoring to describe in a few words the horrors and destruction o ...
STUDY GUIDE - Sentence Structure Test
STUDY GUIDE - Sentence Structure Test

...  A dependent clause must have a BABY A word at the beginning of the clause.  BABY A words are also known by two other names: dependent marker word an subordinate conjunctions Directions: In the space before each group of words, mark P if it is a phrase, D if it is a dependent clause and I if it is ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... features should be privative or binary— we will usually simply label feature bundles like [+N,-V] as [N], [-pl] as [sg]. But this is a convenience, there are interesting questions to explore at this lower level as well— outside of this class, we have plenty of other things to ...
CAS LX 522 Syntax I
CAS LX 522 Syntax I

... The bare form of the verb (often appearing after to) is the infinitive. We will assign infinitive forms the feature [Inf]. The fact that the infinitive is a bare verb (no suffixes or other inflection) in English may be something of a coincidence. Other languages mark the infinitive with a special ve ...
Terms to Know for Pre
Terms to Know for Pre

... Epanalepsis (10): word or phrase is repeated after intervening matter Epistrophe (9): the counterpart of anaphora, because the repetition of the same word or words comes at the end of successive phrases, clauses or sentences Antimetabole (10): Reversal of the order of repeated words or phrases (a lo ...
Morphological Derivations
Morphological Derivations

... ii. e.g. ‘understate’ can be parsed into ‘under’ and ‘state’ because we have other words like ‘underestimate’ and ‘restate’ which share form and meaning with each part you cut out. iii. e.g. also, ‘understand’ cannot be parsed because other words with ‘under’ and ‘stand’ don’t share meanings with ‘u ...
Towards a Universal Grammar for Natural Language Processing
Towards a Universal Grammar for Natural Language Processing

... across similar languages but nevertheless with more or less arbitrary (and often quite subtle) differences in terminology and notation. When these differences are inherited into treebank annotation schemes, they give rise to a number of problems for researchers and developers in natural language pro ...
lec05-pos
lec05-pos

... • Closed class words are generally also function words. – Function words play important role in grammar – Some function words are: of, it, and, you – Functions words are most of time very short and frequently occur. • There are four major open classes. – noun, verb, adjective, adverb – a new word ma ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... people who are subjects of sentences and phrases, whom to refer to people who are objects of sentences and phrases and whose to refer to people who are possessing something. When referring to things, use which (preceded by a comma) in clauses that are not important to the main meaning of the sentenc ...
The Golden Lion Tamarin Comes Home
The Golden Lion Tamarin Comes Home

... are generalizations b/c they make general statements about a group of people  Overgeneralizations are broad statements about all members of a group that doesn’t come from facts.  There are signal words: most, many, often. ...
Grades 9-10 Language Standards : Conventions of Standard English
Grades 9-10 Language Standards : Conventions of Standard English

... Essential Questions: 1. Why is it important to have command of standard English conventions? 2. How do I determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word or usage? 3. How do words and their use influence language? 4. How does the depth of your vocabulary contribute to your ability to read, write, listen, ...
Literary Terms Defined
Literary Terms Defined

...  Compound-complex: at least two independent clauses and one subordinate clause  Loose/cumulative: makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending; contains a number of independent clauses joined only by coordinating conjunctions such as and or but; it can usually be divided int ...
Propositions and Sentence Structure
Propositions and Sentence Structure

... Propositions and Sentence Structure There are an almost infinite amount of things that can be said in English. But there are standard patterns and forms in which to say them. Part of the meaning comes from the form in which it is said. The most basic form of one complete thought is called a proposit ...
Sentence Construction 2
Sentence Construction 2

... to a predicate, it affirms or denies the truth of a statement. ...
Language
Language

... Grammar is NOT what you find in a grammar book; grammar refers to the set of rules people carry around in their heads to produce sentences. ...
File
File

... or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is its object. ...
Linguistics 403/404 Lecture Notes No.8
Linguistics 403/404 Lecture Notes No.8

... parameter that shows up cross-linguistically. It has to do with whether or not a verb stem (in its bare form) can be uttered. For example, English allows bare verb stems to be productive in the language. For instance, bare stems may be used both in finite conjugations (e.g., I/you/we/you/they speak- ...
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Morphology (linguistics)

In linguistics, morphology /mɔrˈfɒlɵdʒi/ is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root words, affixes, parts of speech, intonations and stresses, or implied context. In contrast, morphological typology is the classification of languages according to their use of morphemes, while lexicology is the study of those words forming a language's wordstock.While words, along with clitics, are generally accepted as being the smallest units of syntax, in most languages, if not all, many words can be related to other words by rules that collectively describe the grammar for that language. For example, English speakers recognize that the words dog and dogs are closely related, differentiated only by the plurality morpheme ""-s"", only found bound to nouns. Speakers of English, a fusional language, recognize these relations from their tacit knowledge of English's rules of word formation. They infer intuitively that dog is to dogs as cat is to cats; and, in similar fashion, dog is to dog catcher as dish is to dishwasher. Languages such as Classical Chinese, however, also use unbound morphemes (""free"" morphemes) and depend on post-phrase affixes and word order to convey meaning. (Most words in modern Standard Chinese (""Mandarin""), however, are compounds and most roots are bound.) These are understood as grammars that represent the morphology of the language. The rules understood by a speaker reflect specific patterns or regularities in the way words are formed from smaller units in the language they are using and how those smaller units interact in speech. In this way, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies patterns of word formation within and across languages and attempts to formulate rules that model the knowledge of the speakers of those languages.Polysynthetic languages, such as Chukchi, have words composed of many morphemes. The Chukchi word ""təmeyŋəlevtpəγtərkən"", for example, meaning ""I have a fierce headache"", is composed of eight morphemes t-ə-meyŋ-ə-levt-pəγt-ə-rkən that may be glossed. The morphology of such languages allows for each consonant and vowel to be understood as morphemes, while the grammar of the language indicates the usage and understanding of each morpheme.The discipline that deals specifically with the sound changes occurring within morphemes is morphophonology.
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