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Weighing semantic distinctions
Weighing semantic distinctions

... focal ones in Christian Lehmann’s work in the previous sections. They are organized according to the two fundamental viewpoints of language description, the onomasiological and the semasiological perspective. Onomasiological contributions start from the function(s) of an utterance and look at their ...
Subject and Predicate-Parts of a Sentence
Subject and Predicate-Parts of a Sentence

... The simple subject is the main word or group of words in the complete subject. The simple subject is usually a noun or a pronoun. A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or an idea. A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.  The simple predicate is the main word or ...
here
here

... Supporting evidence will be based upon the case of the comitative constructions and markers. It will be shown that while constructing a typological inventory of functions related to the comitative it is necessary to distinguish not only between semantic types of uses of a particular marker but also ...
How to Speak and Write Correctly Joseph Devlin
How to Speak and Write Correctly Joseph Devlin

... uses all the words in the dictionary or could use them did he live to be the age of Methuselah, and there is no necessity for using them. There are upwards of 200,000 words in the recent editions of the large dictionaries, but the one−hundredth part of this number will suffice for all your wants. Of ...
How to Speak and Write Correctly
How to Speak and Write Correctly

... words in the dictionary or could use them did he live to be the age of Methuselah, and there is no necessity for using them. There are upwards of 200,000 words in the recent editions of the large dictionaries, but the one−hundredth part of this number will suffice for all your wants. Of course you m ...
Noongar Waangkiny - Noongar Language Centre
Noongar Waangkiny - Noongar Language Centre

... Since Lois’s original work there have been numerous additions and changes to the Noongar Learner’s Guide to meet the needs of Noongar language revival with inclusion of and reference to the Noongar dialects and a grammar terms glossary. This edition of Noongar Waangkiny – A Learner’s Guide to Noonga ...
21 - Bilkent Repository
21 - Bilkent Repository

... Therefore, Turkish learners of English have a lot of ...
GREENBERG`S ASYMMETRY IN ARABIC: A CONSEQUENCE OF
GREENBERG`S ASYMMETRY IN ARABIC: A CONSEQUENCE OF

... in this article is that, in languages with rich inflection (like Arabic), stems are realized in the context of paradigms. It seems reasonable to explore the extent to which stem properties, patterns in the lexicon and alternations, derive from this fact rather than being idiosyncratic. Indeed, in th ...
Sentences - TeacherLINK
Sentences - TeacherLINK

... Circle the kind of sentence each group of words makes. 1. I have never been on a train. statement command 2. How fast does it go? question statement 3. Sit down while the train moves. exclamation command 4. Where are we now? statement question 5. I cannot wait to see the city! exclamation question ...
TREE DIAGRAM (2)
TREE DIAGRAM (2)

... What are the NP and VP? The frog ate the lizard. The frog sat on the lilypad. The fat frog ate the long lizard slowly. The fat frog with a lizard in its mouth sat on the lilypad.  The fat frog who was sitting on the lilypad with a lizard in its mouth danced the lambada. ...
PROCESSING COMPLEX SENTENCES FOR INFORMATION
PROCESSING COMPLEX SENTENCES FOR INFORMATION

... documents of interest. The keywords with the boolean operators applied on them are used to identify the documents that satisfy the search constraints. The boolean query methodology is followed by literature search interfaces like PubMed. The keyword retrieval, while simple, returns a large number of ...
Text Models
Text Models

... – Most famous is the Brown Corpus with about 1M words ...
Chapter 2: Linguistic Background
Chapter 2: Linguistic Background

... Consider again the case where adjectives can be used as nouns, as in the green. Not all adjectives can be used in such a way. For example, the noun phrase the hot can be used, given a context where there are hot and cold plates, in a sentence such as The hot are on the table. But this refers to the ...
Language Deviation in English Advertising
Language Deviation in English Advertising

... (the invention of new “words”). When the new words are made up “for the nonce”, i.e. for a single occasion only, rather than as serious attempts to increase the English word-stock, we call them NONCE-FORMATIONS. Leech (1969) thinks neologism is not merely a “violation of lexical rule”, but rather “a ...
5 NOUNS
5 NOUNS

... There is also a group of nouns sharing a non-singular suffix -bip; this is not associated with a particular singular form but cuts across declensions. A few more patterns deviate from general rules or patterns found in particular declensions; these are also discussed after the declensions have been ...
A brief grammar of euskara - Addi - University of the Basque Country
A brief grammar of euskara - Addi - University of the Basque Country

... constructed out of more basic elements, much in the way the entire universe works. Some of these units might be familiar to any user (pretty much anyone who can read knows something about units like 'verb' or 'noun'), but others might only be familiar to a linguistically educated user (for instance, ...
Syntactic Translation Strategies - TamPub
Syntactic Translation Strategies - TamPub

... The Finnish language, a member of the Finno-Ugrian language family, has been compared from different perspectives in the contrastive research with its familial languages, such as Estonia (Männikkö 1985, Rauhaniemi 1991) and Hungarian (Keresztes 1964), and with Germanic language such as English (Ches ...
Beginning Old English
Beginning Old English

... interpreted by some commentators as an attempt to represent an Old Norse speaker struggling with Old English. The languages were closely related, and both relied very much on the endings of words – what we call ‘inflexions’ – to signal grammatical information. Often these grammatical inflexions were ...
An analysis of the Yoruba language with english
An analysis of the Yoruba language with english

... Yoruba is a tone language whose many varieties are spoken across West Africa with about 20 million native speakers. It is spoken natively in Nigeria as well as the neighboring countries of the Republic of Benin, Togo, Sierra Leone and Ghana (Campbell 1991:1471). Yoruba is considered to be one of the ...
Narrative writing marking guide
Narrative writing marking guide

... hard-done by – technical: resuscitated – formal: To what do I owe this honour? – colloquial language for characters’ speech: Watcha doin? – alliteration: … completely captivating cat called Clarence – effective personification … the wind clutched at her hair ...
Parsing English with a Link Grammar - Link home page
Parsing English with a Link Grammar - Link home page

... devised a scheme that handles the vast majority of uses of such conjunctions and incorporated it into our program. It is described in section 6. Certain constructs are difficult to handle only using the basic link grammar framework. One example is the non-referential use of it: It is likely that Jo ...
учебно-методический комплекс
учебно-методический комплекс

... combines the features of two different types of predicate: the simple verbal predicate, expressed by a notional verb denoting an action or process performed by the person/nonperson expressed by the subject, and the compound nominal predicate, expressed by a noun or an adjective which denotes the pro ...
Reteach Workbook
Reteach Workbook

... • A declarative sentence tells something. It ends with a period. (.) Some towns have a fireworks show. • An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark. (?) Have you ever seen fireworks? • An imperative sentence tells or asks someone to do something. It ends with a period. ( ...
DeQue: A Lexicon of Complex Prepositions and Conjunctions
DeQue: A Lexicon of Complex Prepositions and Conjunctions

... C2: Autonomous Lexical Units We require that the individual words composing a CPRE/CCONJ are autonomous lexical units. This means that they have their own distribution, cooccurring with other words in other contexts. Criterion C2 aims at excluding constructions that are surely not ambiguous. For ins ...
Emergent Functional Grammar for Space
Emergent Functional Grammar for Space

... which mental program is intended. This is where grammar is needed. The role of grammar is to provide clues on what conceptualization strategies the listener should use. It does this in two ways. Each lexical item is assigned a particular word class (for example adjective or adverb) which determines ...
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Morphology (linguistics)

In linguistics, morphology /mɔrˈfɒlɵdʒi/ is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root words, affixes, parts of speech, intonations and stresses, or implied context. In contrast, morphological typology is the classification of languages according to their use of morphemes, while lexicology is the study of those words forming a language's wordstock.While words, along with clitics, are generally accepted as being the smallest units of syntax, in most languages, if not all, many words can be related to other words by rules that collectively describe the grammar for that language. For example, English speakers recognize that the words dog and dogs are closely related, differentiated only by the plurality morpheme ""-s"", only found bound to nouns. Speakers of English, a fusional language, recognize these relations from their tacit knowledge of English's rules of word formation. They infer intuitively that dog is to dogs as cat is to cats; and, in similar fashion, dog is to dog catcher as dish is to dishwasher. Languages such as Classical Chinese, however, also use unbound morphemes (""free"" morphemes) and depend on post-phrase affixes and word order to convey meaning. (Most words in modern Standard Chinese (""Mandarin""), however, are compounds and most roots are bound.) These are understood as grammars that represent the morphology of the language. The rules understood by a speaker reflect specific patterns or regularities in the way words are formed from smaller units in the language they are using and how those smaller units interact in speech. In this way, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies patterns of word formation within and across languages and attempts to formulate rules that model the knowledge of the speakers of those languages.Polysynthetic languages, such as Chukchi, have words composed of many morphemes. The Chukchi word ""təmeyŋəlevtpəγtərkən"", for example, meaning ""I have a fierce headache"", is composed of eight morphemes t-ə-meyŋ-ə-levt-pəγt-ə-rkən that may be glossed. The morphology of such languages allows for each consonant and vowel to be understood as morphemes, while the grammar of the language indicates the usage and understanding of each morpheme.The discipline that deals specifically with the sound changes occurring within morphemes is morphophonology.
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