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TRIPURA UNIVERSITY Syllabus
... specific heat of gas, Cp & Cv, their ratio, relation between them, isothermal, adiabatic,, isobaric and isochoric processes, reversible and irreversible process. Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot’s cycle and its efficiency, Carnot’s theorem, thermodynamics scale of temperature, Clausius inequalit ...
... specific heat of gas, Cp & Cv, their ratio, relation between them, isothermal, adiabatic,, isobaric and isochoric processes, reversible and irreversible process. Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot’s cycle and its efficiency, Carnot’s theorem, thermodynamics scale of temperature, Clausius inequalit ...
Relativistic Field Theories of Elementary Particles
... lirst and D in the second Eq. (3') are consistent. Ke shouM like in particular to note the difference between 6elds like U&"), U*~") which under the gauge group suRers a transformation of the type (23a) which we shall call the gauge transformation of the first type, and 6elds, such as the electromag ...
... lirst and D in the second Eq. (3') are consistent. Ke shouM like in particular to note the difference between 6elds like U&"), U*~") which under the gauge group suRers a transformation of the type (23a) which we shall call the gauge transformation of the first type, and 6elds, such as the electromag ...
Electrodynamic Ion Trapping
... together. Note that the field vectors shown in Figure 4 represent snapshots of the oscillating fields. Multiply each vector in these plots by cos to see the fields at other times. Actually calculating the fields in these cases is nontrivial, but the answer is fairly simple if we just look at the ...
... together. Note that the field vectors shown in Figure 4 represent snapshots of the oscillating fields. Multiply each vector in these plots by cos to see the fields at other times. Actually calculating the fields in these cases is nontrivial, but the answer is fairly simple if we just look at the ...
Wire Chamber
... Transport of Electrons in Gases: Diffusion An initially point like cloud of electrons will ‘diffuse’ because of multiple collisions and assume a Gaussian shape. The diffusion depends on the average energy of the electrons. The variance σ2 of the distribution grows linearly with time. In case of an ...
... Transport of Electrons in Gases: Diffusion An initially point like cloud of electrons will ‘diffuse’ because of multiple collisions and assume a Gaussian shape. The diffusion depends on the average energy of the electrons. The variance σ2 of the distribution grows linearly with time. In case of an ...
Plasma Process 6 dyn..
... mirror’. (There are still ways for some of the particles to ‘leak’ through the mirror. This is one of the major reasons that magnetic mirrors did not work in the fusion field.) Additional drift motions There are a number of additional drift motions that occur for single particles. We unfortunately d ...
... mirror’. (There are still ways for some of the particles to ‘leak’ through the mirror. This is one of the major reasons that magnetic mirrors did not work in the fusion field.) Additional drift motions There are a number of additional drift motions that occur for single particles. We unfortunately d ...
From the Discovery of Radioactivity to the First Accelerator
... the ionisation of gases using an electrometer, the standard detector at this time. It consisted of two thin gold leafs mounted on a metal rod enclosed in a metallic vessel. Charging the rod, the gold leafs move away from each other, because of the equal charge. The distance is then a measure of the ...
... the ionisation of gases using an electrometer, the standard detector at this time. It consisted of two thin gold leafs mounted on a metal rod enclosed in a metallic vessel. Charging the rod, the gold leafs move away from each other, because of the equal charge. The distance is then a measure of the ...
Short questions from past papers
... 1. Define the Newton, the unit of force. [2008] The Newton is the force that gives a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m s-2. 2. Define Force [2004] [2008 OL][2006 OL][2013 OL][2014 OL] A force is something which causes an acceleration. 3. Define Momentum [2004][2004 OL][2010 OL][2013 OL] Momentum = ...
... 1. Define the Newton, the unit of force. [2008] The Newton is the force that gives a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m s-2. 2. Define Force [2004] [2008 OL][2006 OL][2013 OL][2014 OL] A force is something which causes an acceleration. 3. Define Momentum [2004][2004 OL][2010 OL][2013 OL] Momentum = ...
test particle energization by current sheets and nonuniform fields in
... dissipative terms. We take R ¼ Rm ¼ 1000, which are limited here by the available spatial resolution. The timescale for the turbulent MHD fields is t0 ¼ L=v0 (eddy turnover time). We consider a decaying simulation from an initial state with the kinetic and magnetic field fluctuations populating an a ...
... dissipative terms. We take R ¼ Rm ¼ 1000, which are limited here by the available spatial resolution. The timescale for the turbulent MHD fields is t0 ¼ L=v0 (eddy turnover time). We consider a decaying simulation from an initial state with the kinetic and magnetic field fluctuations populating an a ...
2. Lecture 1 - School Of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
... •Electrons are assumed to move in a direct path, free of interactions with the lattice or other electrons, until it collides. •This collision abruptly alters its velocity and momentum. •The probability of a collision occurring in time dtis simply dt/t, where t is the mean free time. t is the average ...
... •Electrons are assumed to move in a direct path, free of interactions with the lattice or other electrons, until it collides. •This collision abruptly alters its velocity and momentum. •The probability of a collision occurring in time dtis simply dt/t, where t is the mean free time. t is the average ...
Nonlocal Effects in the Plasmons of Strongly Interacting
... nanoscale has become a pillar of nanophotonics. While excellent agreement between theory and experiment is generally achieved for nanoparticles and nanostructured materials by relying on local, frequency-dependent dielectric functions,1,2 nonlocal effects are known to play an important role at small ...
... nanoscale has become a pillar of nanophotonics. While excellent agreement between theory and experiment is generally achieved for nanoparticles and nanostructured materials by relying on local, frequency-dependent dielectric functions,1,2 nonlocal effects are known to play an important role at small ...
The Oscillating Universe Theory - Scientific Research Publishing
... shown to have no independent meaning. Particle energy does have physical sense as wave packet energy related to vacuum excitation. Exact equation for particle movement in the gravitational field has been derived, the equation being applied to any relatively compact object: planet, satellite, electro ...
... shown to have no independent meaning. Particle energy does have physical sense as wave packet energy related to vacuum excitation. Exact equation for particle movement in the gravitational field has been derived, the equation being applied to any relatively compact object: planet, satellite, electro ...
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS Lei
... are thermodynamically unstable to coagulate because of the attraction between suspended particles. We know now that the attraction is just the van der Waals interaction. Once they have coagulated, the process can not be reversed. If properly prepared, however, they can exist for many years. In fact, ...
... are thermodynamically unstable to coagulate because of the attraction between suspended particles. We know now that the attraction is just the van der Waals interaction. Once they have coagulated, the process can not be reversed. If properly prepared, however, they can exist for many years. In fact, ...
mathematical principles of natural philosophy
... electric fields produce magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields produce electric fields. Thus these fields can animate one another in turn, giving birth to self-reproducing disturbances that travel at the speed of light. Ever since Maxwell, we understand that these disturbances are what light ...
... electric fields produce magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields produce electric fields. Thus these fields can animate one another in turn, giving birth to self-reproducing disturbances that travel at the speed of light. Ever since Maxwell, we understand that these disturbances are what light ...
Electric Field and Charges
... charge, a negative charge, between two objects with the same charge and two objects with opposite charges. ...
... charge, a negative charge, between two objects with the same charge and two objects with opposite charges. ...
CQ 1 What is alike when we say "two like charges?" Do they look
... CQ 12 A metal rod A and a metal sphere B, on insulating stands, touch each other. They are originally neutral. A positively charged rod is brought near (but not touching) the far end of A. While the charged rod is still close, A and B are separated. The charged rod is then withdrawn. Is the sphere t ...
... CQ 12 A metal rod A and a metal sphere B, on insulating stands, touch each other. They are originally neutral. A positively charged rod is brought near (but not touching) the far end of A. While the charged rod is still close, A and B are separated. The charged rod is then withdrawn. Is the sphere t ...
Charged Particles are Prevented from Going
... Special Theory of Relativity, the force-acceleration relation is nonlinear because a moving particle experiences a constant force for a shorter duration of time (dtproper ) than it would if the particle were at rest in the laboratory frame (dtimproper ). That is, as a particle goes faster and faster ...
... Special Theory of Relativity, the force-acceleration relation is nonlinear because a moving particle experiences a constant force for a shorter duration of time (dtproper ) than it would if the particle were at rest in the laboratory frame (dtimproper ). That is, as a particle goes faster and faster ...
ENERGY SPECTRUM OF A BETA RADIATION SOURCE
... The two types of radiation have significant differences in that gamma rays or photons have no mass, nor charge and travel at the speed of light, however, beta radiation is composed of electrons with charge, mass and finite speeds. Although these differences may not be of great importance in some rad ...
... The two types of radiation have significant differences in that gamma rays or photons have no mass, nor charge and travel at the speed of light, however, beta radiation is composed of electrons with charge, mass and finite speeds. Although these differences may not be of great importance in some rad ...
Particle creation by black holes | SpringerLink
... of high curvature to be hidden from us by an event horizon [7]. Thus, as far as we are concerned, the classical geometry-quantum matter treatment should be valid apart from the first 10 .43 s of the universe. The view is sometimes expressed that this treatment will break down when the radius of curv ...
... of high curvature to be hidden from us by an event horizon [7]. Thus, as far as we are concerned, the classical geometry-quantum matter treatment should be valid apart from the first 10 .43 s of the universe. The view is sometimes expressed that this treatment will break down when the radius of curv ...
Dirac monopoles and gravitation
... It is interesting to find a physical interpretation for the existence of forbidden regions in space-time that serves here to solve both the problem of energy interaction as the monopole charge definition. The singular string has physical implication if δ 6= 0, i.e., if the Dirac string has a non-nul ...
... It is interesting to find a physical interpretation for the existence of forbidden regions in space-time that serves here to solve both the problem of energy interaction as the monopole charge definition. The singular string has physical implication if δ 6= 0, i.e., if the Dirac string has a non-nul ...
Black-body Radiation the Charge Field
... hot bodies peak in the visible?” This is explained very simply by my quantum spin equation, by which particles stack on new spins at higher energies. I have shown this is the physical and mechanical explanation of quantization, but the fundamental quantized particle is the photon, not the electron. ...
... hot bodies peak in the visible?” This is explained very simply by my quantum spin equation, by which particles stack on new spins at higher energies. I have shown this is the physical and mechanical explanation of quantization, but the fundamental quantized particle is the photon, not the electron. ...
Earth in Space - Learning Outcomes
... 10. An electron microscope accelerates electrons until they have a wavelength of 40 pm (40 × 10–12 m). Calculate the p.d. in the microscope required to do this assuming the electrons start from rest. 11. Relativistic effects on moving objects can be ignored provided the velocity is less than 10% of ...
... 10. An electron microscope accelerates electrons until they have a wavelength of 40 pm (40 × 10–12 m). Calculate the p.d. in the microscope required to do this assuming the electrons start from rest. 11. Relativistic effects on moving objects can be ignored provided the velocity is less than 10% of ...
Toroidal nano-traps for cold polar molecules
... upon interaction with long wavelength linearly polarized photons produce a three-dimensional trapping potential barrier. We envision the toroidal nano-trap can be used to capture polarizable dielectric nanoparticles, similar to optical tweezers [38], as well as cold polar molecules, assuming that th ...
... upon interaction with long wavelength linearly polarized photons produce a three-dimensional trapping potential barrier. We envision the toroidal nano-trap can be used to capture polarizable dielectric nanoparticles, similar to optical tweezers [38], as well as cold polar molecules, assuming that th ...
Plasma Physics and Numerical Simulations
... fields. Moreover, since plasma contains free charge carriers, their relative motion can also set internal electric and magnetic fields, which in turn also influence their dynamics. In addition, plasma is subject to other forces typical for gases, such as gravity or pressure gradient. Thus, the plasm ...
... fields. Moreover, since plasma contains free charge carriers, their relative motion can also set internal electric and magnetic fields, which in turn also influence their dynamics. In addition, plasma is subject to other forces typical for gases, such as gravity or pressure gradient. Thus, the plasm ...
History of subatomic physics
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Katódsugarak_mágneses_mezőben(3).jpg?width=300)
The idea that matter consists of smaller particles and that there exists a limited number of sorts of primary, smallest particles in nature has existed in natural philosophy since time immemorial. Such ideas gained physical credibility beginning in the 19th century, but the concept of ""elementary particle"" underwent some changes in its meaning: notably, modern physics no longer deems elementary particles indestructible. Even elementary particles can decay or collide destructively; they can cease to exist and create (other) particles in result.Increasingly small particles have been discovered and researched: they include molecules, which are constructed of atoms, that in turn consist of subatomic particles, namely atomic nuclei and electrons. Many more types of subatomic particles have been found. Most such particles (but not electrons) were eventually found to be composed of even smaller particles such as quarks. Particle physics studies these smallest particles and their behaviour under high energies, whereas nuclear physics studies atomic nuclei and their (immediate) constituents: protons and neutrons.