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levin`s verb classes and basque. a comparative approach
levin`s verb classes and basque. a comparative approach

... mark for the perfective participle form. On the other hand, the auxilary “ditut” is formed by the d- present tense marker, the -it- absolutive marker for the 3rd person plural, -u-, the root of the indicative mood auxiliary, and finally the –t ergative marker for the 1st person singular. This exampl ...
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Temporal Properties of Persian and English

... nally, while English has six tense forms such as present, present perfect, past, past perfect, future, and future perfect, Persian has only five tense forms; it lacks future perfect tense and present perfect tense is being used instead. Inherent aspect and tense are syntactically instantiated in bot ...
Topics and Participants in Jamamadí Narrative
Topics and Participants in Jamamadí Narrative

... common device to indicate a participant as topic is a change in word order. The normal word order is OSV. But the subject can be made the topic of the paragraph by changing the order to SOV. This can only be done when both the subject and the object are nouns. When either one or both are pronouns th ...
Direct Object Pronouns: Part I
Direct Object Pronouns: Part I

... Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used. María los tiene. María tiene = Mary has María tiene los libros. = Mary has the books. María los tiene. = Mary has them. Look at how Spanish and English are different. "Lo tengo" and "La t ...
Open Access - Biblio UGent
Open Access - Biblio UGent

... patterns: the matrix subject has something happen to them and what happens to them is expressed in the embedded clause. In Flemish the possession of an event can be expressed in two different ways: either with BE or with HAVE (1a-b). Note that the meaning of the HAVE-FEVP (1a) seems to be the same o ...
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... Because it is technically a 1st/2nd adjective, you would expect quis however, quis is an interrogative (a question word) meaning who? what? or which? Thus, we need a different form for the dat/abl plural: quibus If you've been paying attention, this is the 3rd declension dat/abl plural. They have bo ...
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LESSON 36: INFINITIVE PHRASES

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Case Assignment in Basque - University of the Basque Country

... agreement elements are Case asignets and that they assign Case under government to 'the different arguments of the verb, being collapsed at PF in the auXiliary (which also carries tense and mood features) or in the verb, in the case of a few verbs that have synthetic conjugation in some tenses 6. If ...
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Year 1-6 Spellings From the Curriculum

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Using Unknown Word Techniques to Learn Known Words
Using Unknown Word Techniques to Learn Known Words

... Table 1 shows the features for afwater, the word we discussed in Section 1. Row (i) contains 4 separate features derived from the prefix of the word and 4 other suffix features are given in row (ii). The two features in rows (iii) and (iv) indicate whether the word starts with a particle and if it c ...
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0520 FRENCH (FOREIGN LANGUAGE) MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series

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... syntactic transitivity is based on shaky foundations. Therefore Huddleston and Pullum’s statement (« most verbs taking just one object permit passivization») should be qualified, as it rests on syntactic grounds only. 2.1.2 Indirect transitive verbs or prepositional verbs Prepositional verbs can oft ...
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3015 FRENCH MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series

... N.B. Reward identical noun and adjective combination each time, subject to justification by sense and use of minus symbols. (g) Adjectives based on the past participle of an –er verb should not be credited if the final acute accent is missing. (h) Comparison: While plus TC will now score (See Adverb ...
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north of phonology a dissertation submitted to the

... The author proposes the Theory of Connected Word Constructions (TCWC), a generative theory of morphology, focusing on phonic, rather than semantic, structure. It is unique by its reductionist nature and integration of the lexicon inside the morphological constraints. The constraints, or Connected Wo ...
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... According to Tornberg (2000), a language’s grammar can be analyzed in four different ways: The philological way looks at grammar from a historical perspective, thus considering its development over time. The synchronic approach is set on events which have the same period of phase, as www.dictionary ...
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Linguistic profiles: A quantitative approach to theoretical questions

... corresponding to the fact that human beings experience objects and events, but the behaviors of nouns and verbs can vary greatly across languages. This perspective on language universals is supported by evidence from typological studies (see [Evans, Levinson 2009] and citations therein). The minimal ...
Formal and Functional Approaches to the Study of Language
Formal and Functional Approaches to the Study of Language

... The seminar is concerned with the two major approaches to the study of grammar: The formal approach, in which linguistic structures are independent of their functions and meanings; and the functional approach, in which linguistics structures are motivated by functional and cognitive forces. The firs ...
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... “blackboard”, “piece of chalk” etc. these are only the object of reference and not the meaning of the word this Etymologically the word “the pronoun means” a word used instead of a noun this meaning reflects to some extence, the role of pronouns in language. Owing to the exceptional variability of r ...
Unit 1 - Writers Stylus
Unit 1 - Writers Stylus

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The PIE word for`dry`*) 1. The PIE root for `to be dry, to dry up` has
The PIE word for`dry`*) 1. The PIE root for `to be dry, to dry up` has

... *-we- must be sought in an inner-Tocharian development. The endings of class IV are identical with class III, which goes back to the thematic middle (the difference in the timbre of the thematic vowel is now explained by the preceding *w). Class IV can therefore be considered äs a subgroup of class ...
style - MU Writing Program
style - MU Writing Program

... feels “bogged down.” Usually when your writing sounds like it is spinning its wheels, you need to combine sentences, which will both eliminate repetition and show the relationship between various ideas more clearly. Examine the sentences near where you marked an “x.” Does each sentence have an impor ...
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Scottish Gaelic grammar



This article describes the grammar of the Scottish Gaelic language.
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