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journal of linguistics
journal of linguistics

... in isolation. If I live in London were listed as an example of the use of the present tense simple to refer to statements of fact seen as timeless (or some such formulation), then I often live in London would frequently be taken as a 'different' or 'exceptional' use of the present tense, and be labe ...
1 Non-nominative subjects in Hindi/Urdu VP
1 Non-nominative subjects in Hindi/Urdu VP

... its antecedent. One such analysis proposes that non-phrasal reflexives cliticize at LF to a clausal head and agree with the DP specifier, in phi features (Cole, Hermon and Sung 1990, Cole and Sung 1994, for Chinese) or in referential indices, for Hindi/Urdu (Davison 2001). Controlled PRO as subject, ...
Notes on the formation and usage of subjunctive
Notes on the formation and usage of subjunctive

... after them. Therefore, in this spirit, we are going to offer you a fairly complete list of the expressions and verbs which take the subjunctive. What you will have to learn is when to use the present, perfect or past subjunctive behind them. We'll give you an example of this with the verb esperar qu ...
Tagset Manual
Tagset Manual

... The words daer and toe together form a pronominal adverb daartoe. In the tag tier this is indicated by tagging toe with PronAdv(prep), indicating that it is part of a separated PronAdv. In the fifth tier, it is shown which tokens should be linked together. The tag ba4 in the second line indicates th ...
Typological variation of the adjectival class
Typological variation of the adjectival class

... Ask a layperson what they know about grammar and you are likely to get an answer that has something to do with parts of speech; ask a linguist what they know about parts of speech and the answer is quite likely to be much less enlightening. Parts of speech systems or, as I will refer to them here, l ...
Objective - Magistra Snyder`s Latin Website
Objective - Magistra Snyder`s Latin Website

... petere ...
An outline of Celtiberian grammar
An outline of Celtiberian grammar

... Two other texts of doubtful provenance are the tesserae in Celtiberian script published by MARQUES DE FARIA in 1998. The first, for which the reading kamasiosuei/ikenionke/setantunos is given, is likewise suspect, since the shape of the tessera is exactly identical with K.18.1 (rather than being the ...
On the Tense-Aspect system of Bolivian
On the Tense-Aspect system of Bolivian

... e. (ore) ro-ke (1p.EXCL. 1p.EXCL.-sleep) ‘we (not you) are sleeping/slept’ f. (pe) pe-japo (2p 2p-do) ‘you are doing/did (it)’. ...
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Higher Lessons
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Higher Lessons

... sentence. He should be able to put the principal and the subordinate parts in their proper relation; he should know the exact function of every element, its relation to other elements and its relation to the whole. He should know the sentence as the skillful engineer knows his engine, that, when the ...
A Grammar and Glossary of the Manange Language  Kristine A. Hildebrandt
A Grammar and Glossary of the Manange Language Kristine A. Hildebrandt

... there are actually dozens of clearly distinct Rai languages (Hansson (1991) lists 41). The census states that there are 439,000 Rai speakers, but there is no indication as to how these numbers break down further. In addition, some speakers may misreport their ethnic identity, in order to identify wi ...
struggling to retain the functions of passive when translating english
struggling to retain the functions of passive when translating english

... prophetic traditions and classical poetry. Only two types of agentive phrases that tend to occur in passive sentences were identified: min+ NP (from/by+ NP) and bi+ NP (with/by means of+ NP). According to Khalil (1993: 172), Modern Standard Arabic -the language of the press, media and modern literar ...
A taxonomy of Lushootseed valency
A taxonomy of Lushootseed valency

... (√x̌al ‘be written’) (√xʷəxʷaʔxʷaʔ ‘be lightweight’) ...
Appendix A - Center for Sprogteknologi
Appendix A - Center for Sprogteknologi

... The documentation consists of two parts: Part 1: General description of the STO lexicon and Documentation of the Morphological Layer Part 2: Documentation of the Syntactic Layer The present Part 1 contains all relevant general and background information and the description of the morphological layer ...
A Grammar Research Guide for Ngwi Languages
A Grammar Research Guide for Ngwi Languages

... In the sixteenth edition of the Ethnologue (Lewis 2009), a new group of Sino-Tibetan languages was recognized: the Ngwi languages, a branch of Burmic (see www.ethnologue.com/family/17-4039). The term “Ngwi” was recommended by Bradley (2005:164–166) as less pejorative than the term “Lolo,” less ambig ...
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN

... In such instances, the idiomaticity or transparency of the phrasal verb is not associated with any of the components of the phrasal verb. It is associated with the compound as a whole, whose meaning has been transferred to a different context to yield a similar but metaphorical or polysemic interpre ...
Semantic structure and word-formation. Verb
Semantic structure and word-formation. Verb

... 2) by means of the semantic formulas and semantic features, 3) w i t h the help of archilexemes and word-fields. The V P C s are also compared to the corresponding prefixal combinations and simplex verbs. 1.1.2. F o r the semantic analysis a collection of material (cf. 3.5.6.1.) was set up which at ...
Judges Manual
Judges Manual

... This manual has been written to provide those who judge LinguiSHTIK and those who would like to judge LinguiSHTIK with a handy reference. This manual is intended to codify those rulings which have traditionally been made in the game and to illuminate some others which may arise in the future. This m ...
Latin for beginners - DISHSLatin1
Latin for beginners - DISHSLatin1

... But teachers desiring to confine word study to Caesar can easily do so, as the Caesarian words are printed in the vocabularies in distinctive type. ...
e diachrony of light and auxiliary verbs in Indo-Aryan
e diachrony of light and auxiliary verbs in Indo-Aryan

... Bu & Lahiri’s (2002) analysis of Hindi and Bengali verb-verb constructions. In contrast to the light verbs involved in noun-verb complexes, however, the light verbs of verb-verb complexes do make a semantic contribution to the predicate, as shown above in §1.8 Many historical treatments do not dist ...
Zipf`s law and the grammar of languages: A quantitative
Zipf`s law and the grammar of languages: A quantitative

... can be captured mathematically, a property we tentatively call their grammatical fingerprint. Our findings suggest implications for both the specific historical process of inflection loss and more generally for the characterization of languages ...
adverb_test - Bharat School Of Banking
adverb_test - Bharat School Of Banking

... The fact is that there is no such word as “fastly”. “Fast” is already both an adjective and an adverb, as in The athlete runs really fast. (correct) The athlete runs really fastly. (wrong) It doesn‟t matter whether “fast” refers to the speed of movement or the rate at which something is being done; ...
Students` Workbook
Students` Workbook

... Do spiders have wings? Some ants have wings. Is the spider’s body soft? It is in two parts. Do you see the spider’s eight legs? What to See.—Which of the groups above are sentences? Which may be called statements because they state, or tell, something? Which are questions? With what kind of letter d ...
The History of the Gerund in English and Its Structural Precursors
The History of the Gerund in English and Its Structural Precursors

... done today. Sometimes he would put word for word, sometimes sense for sense, in order to set it forth as clearly and sensibly as possible despite the various and manifold worldly cares that often occupied him both in the mind and the body. ...
NP-internal possessive constructions in Hoocąk and other Siouan
NP-internal possessive constructions in Hoocąk and other Siouan

... Languages usually have more than one construction to express a possessive relationship. Possessive constructions in an individual language usually express semantically different relations, which are traditionally subsumed under the notion of possession such as part-whole relationships, kinship relat ...
Expository Writing Tutorial
Expository Writing Tutorial

... Pronoun-Subject Agreement – Pronouns used do not agree with the subject they refer to (most common: Singular-Plural) E.g. A person’s morality is important to living a life of happiness. Often times, they may not recognize their moral actions at work around them. Pronoun-Pronoun Agreement (Pronoun Sh ...
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Ukrainian grammar

The grammar of the Ukrainian language describes the phonological, morphological, and syntactical rules of the Ukrainian language. Ukrainian contains 7 cases and 2 numbers for its nominal declension and 2 aspects, 3 tenses, 3 moods, and 2 voices for its verbal conjugation. Adjectives must agree in number, gender, and case with their nouns.In order to understand Ukrainian grammar, it is necessary to understand the various phonological rules that occur due to the collision of two or more sounds. Doing so markedly decreases the number of exceptions and makes understanding the rules better. The origin of some of these phonological rules can be traced all the way back to Indo-European gradation (ablaut). This is especially common in explaining the differences between the infinitive and present stem of many verbs.This article will present the grammar of the literary language, which is in the main followed by most dialects. The main differences in the dialects are vocabulary with occasional differences in phonology and morphology. Further information can be found in the article Ukrainian dialects.
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