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Ellipsis in Farsi Complex Predicates
Ellipsis in Farsi Complex Predicates

... This paper is structured as follows: First, in section 2, I provide some background on the phrase structure of Farsi. Section 3 advances the primary purpose of this paper, presenting the diagnostics that show that the gap in (4) is produced by the same process that derives English VPE. In section 4, ...
1 xxx - Edmond
1 xxx - Edmond

... organizing data on other Dogon languages; the chapter, section, and subsection organization will have to be adjusted to the contours of each specific language. Subsections may be added, deleted, or moved to other sections as needed. In some sections I suggest sample prose, but of course language X m ...
verb complementation
verb complementation

... troduced me to generative grammar. The research at the Department of Linguistics of the University of Texas at Austin some years later in 1968-1969 was made possible through Prof. W.P. Lehmann whose encouragement and advice were invaluable at a time when linguistics was not yet established as an ind ...
Towards a null theory of the passive
Towards a null theory of the passive

... different features of their passive morphemes or voice heads, in some cases even involving stipulations that de facto apply only in passives. The passive construction and the language-specific passive rules of pre-P&P days returned, albeit within a more ambitious theoretical framework. A wholesale r ...
Basic English Grammar with Exercises
Basic English Grammar with Exercises

... chapters can be applied to these to enable an understanding of why they are as they are. As the book relies on a ‘building’ process, starting out at basic concepts and adding to these to enable the adequate description of some quite complex and subtle phenomena, we have also provided an extensive gl ...
Basic English Grammar with Exercises
Basic English Grammar with Exercises

... head, there still is not the room for an infinite amount of linguistic knowledge. The answer must be that this is not how to characterise linguistic knowledge: we do not store all the possible linguistic expressions in our heads, but something else which enables us to produce and understand these ex ...
Passive - University of Hawaii
Passive - University of Hawaii

... passive morpheme absorbs the external argument of the verb and therefore renders the verb unaccusative. In this view, the passive construction is intransitive. Accordingly, the underlying O receives case in the active Agr. Thus, in the English passive, the underlying O appears in NOM. This definitio ...
On the syntax ofconstructions with arb SE in Spanish
On the syntax ofconstructions with arb SE in Spanish

... We have adopted the analysis in Koopman & Sportiche (1988) by which the subject of a verb associated with an external a-role is generated in its vp* internal position (DP*) (see 4b above). This is the case for U nergative structures, such as (12a). Koopman & Sportiche (1988: Sec. 1.4) further claim ...
A New Attempt at Reconstructing Proto
A New Attempt at Reconstructing Proto

... trivial, it is a standard way to renew the past-time domain. The nontrivial common drift that requires an explanation is the fact that the new WA resultative is sensitive to the transitivity semantics of the root in the same way as the EA one is, though Middle WA missed the opportunity to develop th ...
Language Arts Curriculum Guide Template
Language Arts Curriculum Guide Template

... a. Practice writing about random topics. Use personal topics, picture writing (provide pictures for ideas, movie writing (watch a clip), etc. b. Review and use 6+1 Writing for the “Ideas and Content” trait. Students practice individual and in groups. Cross out ideas which are not main ideas or relev ...
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav anglického
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav anglického

... compounding and conversion, there are also some other processes in the English language which may seem to be rather marginal, less important or at least unusual. The present work deals with one of them – back-formation (also called back-derivation, retrograde derivation or deaffixation). Back-format ...
3-Main_contentl - Tài Nguyên Số
3-Main_contentl - Tài Nguyên Số

... forms that are used to signal modality. It is distinct from grammatical tense or grammatical aspect, although these concepts are conflated to some degree in many languages, including English. To some extent, the same word patterns are used to express more than one of these concepts at the same time, ...
Grammar in Context Proficiency Level
Grammar in Context Proficiency Level

... the language as it is used by British, American and other native speakers in conversation, on radio and television, in letters, books or newspapers. You yourself may be using the language socially or in your work; you may be studying it full- or part-time; you may be preparing for an examination suc ...
2 - NIS
2 - NIS

... Now write the other sentences correctly. Begin each one with a capital letter and end each sentence with a period. ...
Colloquial Tamil
Colloquial Tamil

... indicates that the consonant sound in question is noticeably longer than for a single letter. If you think about how the spelling system works, you will realise that this is quite unlike what happens in English: the ‘m’ sound of ‘hammer’ is no longer than that of ‘farmer’. With this, compare the pai ...
The Syntactic Location of Events
The Syntactic Location of Events

... The title of this thesis, The Syntactic Location of Events, is ambiguous. This is because the goal of this thesis is twofold. The first aim is to provide an answer to the question of how the location of an event is syntactically expressed (as opposed to lexically). The second aim of this thesis is t ...
Subordinate clauses, switch-reference, and tail-head
Subordinate clauses, switch-reference, and tail-head

... What is interesting in Cavineña is the fact that very frequently, sentence-initial adverbial (or adverbially-used relative) clauses of the types mentioned above provide the exact replica of the predicate, sometimes even accompanied by its arguments (and/or some other material), a phenomenon that wou ...
Teach Yourself Unity 45
Teach Yourself Unity 45

... Fill in the blanks with your choice of animal names. 1. My favorite animal is a _______________________. 2. The kind of animal that I don't like is a ________________. 3. I have never seen a _____________________. 4. I hope I never see a ____________________. 5. I think _____________________ are fun ...
Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek
Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek

... of Brooklyn, N.Y. But I am chiefiy indebted to Professor William Arnold Stevens of the Rochester Theological Seminary, under whose instructions I first became interested in the ...
A Linguistic History of Awyu-Dumut
A Linguistic History of Awyu-Dumut

... a deep appreciation of diversity in me, and to my dad for suggesting I study linguistics when I was 16 years old. Furthermore, I would like to thank my eldest brother Flip for making it look so difficult to do a PhD, as that made it much easier. And thank you Thomas for your timely suggestion that I ...
Nominal Roots as Event Predicates in English Denominal
Nominal Roots as Event Predicates in English Denominal

... a constraint on possible interpretations is identified: intransitive denominal conversion verbs are infelicitous where the source nominal is intended to be an incremental theme (#apple ‘eat apple’), a patient (#shirt ‘wear shirt’), or the holder of a result state (#window ‘open window’). This little ...
AGU Grammar and Style Guide
AGU Grammar and Style Guide

... After the results were computed, we made a log plot of the data. (introductory adverb clause) Using the data, we constructed a graph. (participial phrase) To confirm the results, a second experiment was planned. (infinitive phrase) The results being in question, the experiment was repeated. (nominat ...
Alexandra Anna Spalek Verb Meaning and Combinatory Semantics: A Corpus-Based Study of
Alexandra Anna Spalek Verb Meaning and Combinatory Semantics: A Corpus-Based Study of

... At this point I also want to thank Oriol Valentı́n Fernandez Gallart for helpful discussions on type theories and useful advice on the formalisation. Finally, I would also like to mention Chris Barker here. It was he and his teaching style (kind of maieutic) that opened up to me the fascinating worl ...
Covert nominative and dative subjects in Faroese∗
Covert nominative and dative subjects in Faroese∗

... interviewed. The results of the survey indicate that the variation between dative and nominative subjects in Faroese signals change in progress rather than stable variation. Dative subjects are losing ground in Faroese and this manifests itself in at least three ways. First, there is a general prefe ...
Dissertation Body
Dissertation Body

... appeared in the LA Times reviewing a paper on English irregular past tenses that had just appeared in the high-profile journal Nature, written by mathematicians and biologists with an interest in applying their methodology to language change (Lieberman et al. 2007). It was thus a matter of serendipi ...
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Russian grammar

Russian grammar (Russian: грамматика русского языка; IPA: [ɡrɐˈmatʲɪkə ˈruskəvə jɪzɨˈka]; also русская грамматика; IPA: [ˈruskəjə ɡrɐˈmatʲɪkə]) encompasses: a highly inflexional morphology a syntax that, for the literary language, is the conscious fusion of three elements: a Church Slavonic inheritance; a Western European style; a polished vernacular foundation.The Russian language has preserved an Indo-European inflexional structure, although considerable adaption has taken place.The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one, but it continues to preserve some characteristic forms. Russian dialects show various non-standard grammatical features, some of which are archaisms or descendants of old forms discarded by the literary language.NOTE: In the discussion below, various terms are used in the meaning they have in standard Russian discussions of historical grammar. In particular, aorist, imperfect, etc. are considered verbal tenses rather than aspects, because ancient examples of them are attested for both perfective and imperfective verbs.
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