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Chapter 4: The Central Nervous System
Chapter 4: The Central Nervous System

... somatosensory cortex is located in the parietal lobe behind the PMC. The parietal love also contains association areas which integrate information from within the lobe and other structures and areas of the brain – for example one of these functions enables us to sense our position in space, to do th ...
working memory.
working memory.

... – ability to attribute mental states to oneself and to others. – An individual with autism cannot infer what other people are thinking. ...
Epilepsy in Small
Epilepsy in Small

... the neuron, Isyn is the synaptic input (described in a subsequent paragraph), and ␰ is the stochastic component (white noise of sufficient variance to generate spontaneous activity at a target rate). The neuron fires when V reaches a threshold, resulting from noise or when a synaptic current is inje ...
A Self-Organizing Neural  Network  That  Learns  to
A Self-Organizing Neural Network That Learns to

... object causes some other neuron to learn to represent the object whenthe object becomes invisible. Thus, the representations of visible objects are protected from erosion by occlusion events. Moreover, the representations of invisible objects are allowed to develop only to the extent that the neuron ...
neuroloc
neuroloc

... • The LSO uses a balance of inhibition and excitation to calculate IIDs. • The MSO uses a circuit established by the axons of AVCN neurons to calculate ITDs. ...
12 Physiology of autonomic nervous system
12 Physiology of autonomic nervous system

... Generally the two divisions have chains of two motor neurons that innervate same visceral organs but cause essentially opposite effects If one division stimulates certain smooth muscle to contract or a gland to secrete, the other division inhibits that action Through this process of duel innervation ...
BIOL241Neurophys11bJUL2012
BIOL241Neurophys11bJUL2012

... • “Information” travels within the nervous system as propagated electrical signals (action potentials) • The most important information (vision, balance, motor commands) is carried by large-diameter myelinated axons ...
Slide 1 - AccessPharmacy
Slide 1 - AccessPharmacy

... Basic pathways involved in the medullary control of blood pressure. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is one of the major sources of excitatory input to sympathetic nerves controlling the vasculature. These neurons receive inhibitory input from the baroreceptors via an inhibitory neuron in th ...
MIRROR NEURONS AND ART
MIRROR NEURONS AND ART

... to art has not yet been fully assessed. In a paper I recently coauthored with the art historian David Freedberg, we argued against the primacy of cognition in our responses to art (Gallese and Freedberg 2007). We proposed that a crucial fundamental element of aesthetic response to works of art consi ...
Active Reading - Red Hook Central Schools
Active Reading - Red Hook Central Schools

... cerebellum, and the brain stem. Cerebrum: The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. The capacity for learning, memory, perception, and intellectual functioning resides in the cerebrum. The cerebrum has a folded outer layer with many bumps and grooves. A long, deep groove down the center of the ...
Central nervous system practical block
Central nervous system practical block

... substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. M/E: there is loss of the pigmented neurons in these regions, associated with gliosis. • Lewy bodies may be found in some of the remaining neurons. • These are single or multiple, cytoplasmic inclusions • Ultrastructurally, Lewy bodies are composed of fine filame ...
Presentation materials - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
Presentation materials - Brain Dynamics Laboratory

... analyzed as unitary events. This information may be encoded into the burst duration or in the fine temporal structure of interspike intervals within a burst. • Burst input is more likely to have a stronger impact on the postsynaptic cell than single spike input, so some believe that bursts are all-o ...
Sample
Sample

... El-Hai, J. (2005). The Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and his Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. “Jack El-Hai has written an absorbing, unsettling and cautionary story of the man who sold the lowly ice pick as the surgical solution to the mental i ...
Population vectors and motor cortex: neural coding or
Population vectors and motor cortex: neural coding or

... that show correlations with neural activity. A common finding has been that many parameters show some correlation, but that the correlations are greatest for movement direction and smallest for acceleration6. Because acceleration is tightly linked to force (according to Newtonian mechanics), this fi ...
1 - davis.k12.ut.us
1 - davis.k12.ut.us

... b. Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons) Motor neurons transmit impulses which carry instructions from the brain and spinal cord to tissues, organs, and organ systems. c. Interneurons (Association Neurons) Interneurons are only located in the CNS. They are located between sensory and motor neurons and ar ...
unit 6 - nervous system / special senses
unit 6 - nervous system / special senses

... b. Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons) Motor neurons transmit impulses which carry instructions from the brain and spinal cord to tissues, organs, and organ systems. c. Interneurons (Association Neurons) Interneurons are only located in the CNS. They are located between sensory and motor neurons and ar ...
Myotatic Reflex
Myotatic Reflex

... Sensitivity of the myotatic reflex (the extent to which a muscle can be stretched before it reflexly contracts) is determined ultimately by the contractile state of the polar regions of the intrafusal muscle fibers—because the degree of contraction of the polar regions determines the pre-existing bi ...
Skeletal System
Skeletal System

... become even more positive, thereby reducing the ability of the postsynaptic neuron to generate an action potential Thousands of excitatory and inhibitory synapses act on every neuron, competing to determine whether or not that neuron will generate an impulse ...
Coming to Attention
Coming to Attention

... 15. Neuronal synchronization brings order to the chaotic mental world. In fact, cognitive deficits and disordered thoughts among schizophrenic patients appear to be connected to disturbed neuronal synchronization. On the other hand, a healthy brain is an active receiver of news from the environment. ...
Short-term memory
Short-term memory

... transmission. There is now strong evidence for a complementary process, acting over an intermediate time scale (short-term memory, STM). This process is involved in performing tasks requiring temporary storage and manipulation of information to guide appropriate actions (Goldman-Rakic 1987; Baddeley ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM Aids in remembering, thinking, moving
NERVOUS SYSTEM Aids in remembering, thinking, moving

... 1. Medulla 2. Pons 3. Midbrain ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

... Microscopic organization of the brain stem. Cranial nerves. The reticular formation. Neurotransmitters in the brain stem and particularly in the reticular formation. Diseases that affect the brain stem. Motor functions of the brain stem, reticular formation and cerebral cortex: Role of the brain ste ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in

... phase as described in the results. Following this discovery, the computational properties were examined in terms of simple collisions of action potentials. Examples were created of possible interactions between action potentials [41-43] in the light of the above discoveries. Relevant working is show ...
Plasticity and nativism: Towards a resolution of
Plasticity and nativism: Towards a resolution of

... many changes in the neural substrate probably proceed without anything like learning. It turns out that developmental flexibility is characteristic of mammalian development in general – we see quite similar flexibility in the development of the heart, the kidney, the eye, and so forth – organs in wh ...
Plasticity and nativism: Towards a resolution of
Plasticity and nativism: Towards a resolution of

... many changes in the neural substrate probably proceed without anything like learning. It turns out that developmental flexibility is characteristic of mammalian development in general – we see quite similar flexibility in the development of the heart, the kidney, the eye, and so forth – organs in wh ...
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Nervous system network models

Network of human nervous system comprises nodes (for example, neurons) that are connected by links (for example, synapses). The connectivity may be viewed anatomically, functionally, or electrophysiologically. These are presented in several Wikipedia articles that include Connectionism (a.k.a. Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP)), Biological neural network, Artificial neural network (a.k.a. Neural network), Computational neuroscience, as well as in several books by Ascoli, G. A. (2002), Sterratt, D., Graham, B., Gillies, A., & Willshaw, D. (2011), Gerstner, W., & Kistler, W. (2002), and Rumelhart, J. L., McClelland, J. L., and PDP Research Group (1986) among others. The focus of this article is a comprehensive view of modeling a neural network (technically neuronal network based on neuron model). Once an approach based on the perspective and connectivity is chosen, the models are developed at microscopic (ion and neuron), mesoscopic (functional or population), or macroscopic (system) levels. Computational modeling refers to models that are developed using computing tools.
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