Psychological and Neuroscientific Connections with Reinforcement
... presentations are intermixed during training: CSA alone paired with the US, and the simultaneous presentation of CSA and CSB with the US omitted. Subsequent pairing of CSB alone with the US results in a lower rate of CR acquisition relative to animals that did not experience the compound stimulus. C ...
... presentations are intermixed during training: CSA alone paired with the US, and the simultaneous presentation of CSA and CSB with the US omitted. Subsequent pairing of CSB alone with the US results in a lower rate of CR acquisition relative to animals that did not experience the compound stimulus. C ...
Functional Integration of Dopaminergic Neurons Directly Converted
... pool of eight factors lacking Pax6, Sox1, and Ngn2 generated Pitx3-eGFP+ cells more efficiently than the original pool of 11, whereas removal of the Acsl1, Myt1l, or Brn2 group or the Lmx1a, Lmx1b, Nurr1, Pitx3, or EN1 group failed to produce Pitx3-eGFP+ cells, suggesting that this combination of ei ...
... pool of eight factors lacking Pax6, Sox1, and Ngn2 generated Pitx3-eGFP+ cells more efficiently than the original pool of 11, whereas removal of the Acsl1, Myt1l, or Brn2 group or the Lmx1a, Lmx1b, Nurr1, Pitx3, or EN1 group failed to produce Pitx3-eGFP+ cells, suggesting that this combination of ei ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptor molecules in the membrane of a postsynaptic neuron, opening ion channels and thereby stimulating impulse conduction by the membrane Names of neurotransmitters—acetylcholine, catecholamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin), and other compounds ...
... Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptor molecules in the membrane of a postsynaptic neuron, opening ion channels and thereby stimulating impulse conduction by the membrane Names of neurotransmitters—acetylcholine, catecholamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin), and other compounds ...
BasalGanglia
... 1st: loss of striatal GABA/enkephalin/D2-R neurons (indirect pathway) 2nd: loss of striatal GABA/dynorphin/D1-R neurons (direct pathway) & cortical atrophy ...
... 1st: loss of striatal GABA/enkephalin/D2-R neurons (indirect pathway) 2nd: loss of striatal GABA/dynorphin/D1-R neurons (direct pathway) & cortical atrophy ...
PowerPoint presentation about mindsets
... denigrate their intelligence: ‘I am stupid’, they’ll think under-represent past successes and overrepresent failures (pessimism) explain the cause of events as something stable about them. ...
... denigrate their intelligence: ‘I am stupid’, they’ll think under-represent past successes and overrepresent failures (pessimism) explain the cause of events as something stable about them. ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... motor actions. They also respond when the animal is presented with graspable objects. These neurons show some degree of specificity for particular actions, with this specificity consistent for movement as well as for objects associated with these movements. For example, a canonical neuron that respo ...
... motor actions. They also respond when the animal is presented with graspable objects. These neurons show some degree of specificity for particular actions, with this specificity consistent for movement as well as for objects associated with these movements. For example, a canonical neuron that respo ...
Neuroscience - Exam 1
... Understand the fluid-mosaic structure of the plasma membrane, and the concept that embedded ion channels and pumps underlie many specialized membrane functions Understand the structure of ion channels and their classification as voltage-gated, ligand-gated, leak and gap junction channels Be ab ...
... Understand the fluid-mosaic structure of the plasma membrane, and the concept that embedded ion channels and pumps underlie many specialized membrane functions Understand the structure of ion channels and their classification as voltage-gated, ligand-gated, leak and gap junction channels Be ab ...
Fixed mindset
... denigrate their intelligence: ‘I am stupid’, they’ll think under-represent past successes and overrepresent failures (pessimism) explain the cause of events as something stable about them. ...
... denigrate their intelligence: ‘I am stupid’, they’ll think under-represent past successes and overrepresent failures (pessimism) explain the cause of events as something stable about them. ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... In the past century the prevailing technique for studying neuronal activity in living brains (‘in vivo’) has been the electrical recording of neural spikes, the extracellular signature of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a ...
... In the past century the prevailing technique for studying neuronal activity in living brains (‘in vivo’) has been the electrical recording of neural spikes, the extracellular signature of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a ...
Septins promote dendrite and axon development by negatively
... subunit SEPT7 was depleted by expressing two distinct shRNAs against Sept7, when GFP was co-expressed as a marker of transfection and cell volume for morphometry20. The efficiency of SEPT7 depletion was B80% determined by immunofluorescence of GFP-positive cerebrocortical neurons electroporated and cu ...
... subunit SEPT7 was depleted by expressing two distinct shRNAs against Sept7, when GFP was co-expressed as a marker of transfection and cell volume for morphometry20. The efficiency of SEPT7 depletion was B80% determined by immunofluorescence of GFP-positive cerebrocortical neurons electroporated and cu ...
Action Potentials
... Visceral motor neurons innervate all other peripheral (like internal organs) effectors ...
... Visceral motor neurons innervate all other peripheral (like internal organs) effectors ...
spinal cord
... The gray matter contains the cell bodies of interneurons. Cell bodies in the dorsal horn form two sensory nuclei receiving somatic and visceral information. Cell bodies in the ventral horn form two efferent nuclei sending somatic and autonomic information. ...
... The gray matter contains the cell bodies of interneurons. Cell bodies in the dorsal horn form two sensory nuclei receiving somatic and visceral information. Cell bodies in the ventral horn form two efferent nuclei sending somatic and autonomic information. ...
Chapter_28_HB_Nervous_System
... potentials in the receiving cell • Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the cell’s ability to develop action potentials • The summation of excitation and inhibition determines whether or not the cell will transmit a nerve signal ...
... potentials in the receiving cell • Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the cell’s ability to develop action potentials • The summation of excitation and inhibition determines whether or not the cell will transmit a nerve signal ...
Single-Neuron Responses in Humans during Execution and
... instructed not to execute the action (see Experimental Procedures and Figure S1A available online). In the medial frontal cortex, we recorded from 652 neurons (369 single units, and 283 multiunits) in the supplementary motor area (SMA; both SMA proper and pre-SMA), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC ...
... instructed not to execute the action (see Experimental Procedures and Figure S1A available online). In the medial frontal cortex, we recorded from 652 neurons (369 single units, and 283 multiunits) in the supplementary motor area (SMA; both SMA proper and pre-SMA), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC ...
An Extended Model for Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) in Stroop
... stimulus where the color information conveyed by the printed words is incompatible with the ink color (i.e., incongruent case: for a comprehensive review, see [18]). In the color naming task, stimulus feature from one dimension (color) is a target, while that from another dimension (word) becomes a ...
... stimulus where the color information conveyed by the printed words is incompatible with the ink color (i.e., incongruent case: for a comprehensive review, see [18]). In the color naming task, stimulus feature from one dimension (color) is a target, while that from another dimension (word) becomes a ...
Neurons
... neurotransmitters from the terminal buttons that carry the neural message to the next neuron. Action potentials are generated according to the all-or-none principle. A neuron will fire completely (generate an action potential) if sufficient stimulation is available, or it will not fire; there is no ...
... neurotransmitters from the terminal buttons that carry the neural message to the next neuron. Action potentials are generated according to the all-or-none principle. A neuron will fire completely (generate an action potential) if sufficient stimulation is available, or it will not fire; there is no ...
consciousness as an afterthought
... Between the domains of these two approaches lies an explanatory gap. This essay addresses that gap from many perspectives. The details of top-down and bottom-up scientific data and concepts are necessary but not sufficient to characterize consciousness. That characterization may require a bridge bet ...
... Between the domains of these two approaches lies an explanatory gap. This essay addresses that gap from many perspectives. The details of top-down and bottom-up scientific data and concepts are necessary but not sufficient to characterize consciousness. That characterization may require a bridge bet ...
Capturing Brain Dynamics: a combined neuroscience and
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
... of the human brain and emphasizes the important role of large-scale brain networks in the understanding of structuralfunctional associations. Future research directions related to this topic are also proposed. Keywords functional connectivity, structural connectivity, module, rich club, graph theory ...
... of the human brain and emphasizes the important role of large-scale brain networks in the understanding of structuralfunctional associations. Future research directions related to this topic are also proposed. Keywords functional connectivity, structural connectivity, module, rich club, graph theory ...
Two-Photon Targeted Patching and Electroporation In Vivo
... Whole-cell recordings are useful for recording synaptic and spiking activity of neurons in vivo because the formation of a high-resistance seal between pipette and membrane ensures stable recordings for prolonged periods and is an approach that can even be used in awake, head-fixed, or behaving anima ...
... Whole-cell recordings are useful for recording synaptic and spiking activity of neurons in vivo because the formation of a high-resistance seal between pipette and membrane ensures stable recordings for prolonged periods and is an approach that can even be used in awake, head-fixed, or behaving anima ...
Chapter 15 Viral Vector-Based Techniques for Optogenetic
... to assure that the desired effect is achieved in the targeted cells. The extent of viral transduction depends both on the type of vector used and the brain region targeted. Generally, a relatively restricted expression pattern can be achieved by choosing the appropriate viral vector and injection vo ...
... to assure that the desired effect is achieved in the targeted cells. The extent of viral transduction depends both on the type of vector used and the brain region targeted. Generally, a relatively restricted expression pattern can be achieved by choosing the appropriate viral vector and injection vo ...