3 Implementation of Language Model Based on Mirror Neuron System
... Felix/Felix++ simulation tool. For more details refer to Knoblauch (2003, 2004) and to prototype 3. Originally, the C based simulation tool Felix has been developed by Thomas Wennekers at the University of Ulm (Wennekers 1999, 2004) as a universal simulation environment for physical and in particula ...
... Felix/Felix++ simulation tool. For more details refer to Knoblauch (2003, 2004) and to prototype 3. Originally, the C based simulation tool Felix has been developed by Thomas Wennekers at the University of Ulm (Wennekers 1999, 2004) as a universal simulation environment for physical and in particula ...
Essential circuits of cognition: The brain`s basic operations
... The goals of artificial intelligence have always been twofold: i) formal explanation of the mechanisms underlying human (and animal) intelligence and ii) construction of powerful intelligent artifacts based on those mechanisms. The latter engineering goal may pragmatically benefit from the former sc ...
... The goals of artificial intelligence have always been twofold: i) formal explanation of the mechanisms underlying human (and animal) intelligence and ii) construction of powerful intelligent artifacts based on those mechanisms. The latter engineering goal may pragmatically benefit from the former sc ...
Physiology of the mormyrid ELL - Journal of Experimental Biology
... relayed to efferent projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including medium ganglion (MG) cells. Large ganglion (LG) cells and large fusiform (LF) cells were recorded in the ganglionic cell layer and in the plexiform or granule layers, respectively (Grant et al., 1996; Meek et al., 1996; Ha ...
... relayed to efferent projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including medium ganglion (MG) cells. Large ganglion (LG) cells and large fusiform (LF) cells were recorded in the ganglionic cell layer and in the plexiform or granule layers, respectively (Grant et al., 1996; Meek et al., 1996; Ha ...
Changes in Resting State Effective Connectivity in the Motor
... organization. Such an interpretation is supported by the fact that organized patterns of brain activity are present in both humans and nonhuman primates. As to the functional significance of correlated signal fluctuations, it may be that they maintain the integrity of networks by reinforcing the syn ...
... organization. Such an interpretation is supported by the fact that organized patterns of brain activity are present in both humans and nonhuman primates. As to the functional significance of correlated signal fluctuations, it may be that they maintain the integrity of networks by reinforcing the syn ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... FIGURE 19.1 Evidence of synapse elimination at the neuromuscular junction. (A) Drawing of a silver stainmade by J. Boeke in 1932 of the motor nerve terminals converging on two adjacent muscle fibers from the tongue muscle of a 4-day-old mouse. Each fiber is innervated by endings fromseveral differe ...
... FIGURE 19.1 Evidence of synapse elimination at the neuromuscular junction. (A) Drawing of a silver stainmade by J. Boeke in 1932 of the motor nerve terminals converging on two adjacent muscle fibers from the tongue muscle of a 4-day-old mouse. Each fiber is innervated by endings fromseveral differe ...
- Wiley Online Library
... centrally. Thus, I suggested that the terms interoception and exteroception be used to differentiate these two systems (i.e., one that controls smooth muscle, as distinct from one that receives large-diameter mechanoreceptive and proprioceptive inputs and controls striate muscle). An important princ ...
... centrally. Thus, I suggested that the terms interoception and exteroception be used to differentiate these two systems (i.e., one that controls smooth muscle, as distinct from one that receives large-diameter mechanoreceptive and proprioceptive inputs and controls striate muscle). An important princ ...
How do Human Sensors Work?
... When a human body sensors detect a stimulus, it sends this information through the nervous system (like wires) to the brain. The nervous system has two main parts: The peripheral nervous system is a series of branches of single nerves that connect to every sensor in your body. They send signals to o ...
... When a human body sensors detect a stimulus, it sends this information through the nervous system (like wires) to the brain. The nervous system has two main parts: The peripheral nervous system is a series of branches of single nerves that connect to every sensor in your body. They send signals to o ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... and data from the basomedial nucleus will not be discussed. Excellent, more detailed reviews on GABAergic neurons of amygdala and inhibitory circuits involved in fear encoding have recently been published [4–7]. The amygdala is one of the most powerful brain areas to address questions regarding the ...
... and data from the basomedial nucleus will not be discussed. Excellent, more detailed reviews on GABAergic neurons of amygdala and inhibitory circuits involved in fear encoding have recently been published [4–7]. The amygdala is one of the most powerful brain areas to address questions regarding the ...
histology of the central nervous system
... and for the transportation of synaptic vesicle, enzymes required for neurotransmitter synthesis at the ending of the axon. Certain proteins and glycoproteins, as well as mitochondria and membranous vesicles, are continuously transported from the cell body toward the distal region of the axon, called ...
... and for the transportation of synaptic vesicle, enzymes required for neurotransmitter synthesis at the ending of the axon. Certain proteins and glycoproteins, as well as mitochondria and membranous vesicles, are continuously transported from the cell body toward the distal region of the axon, called ...
The Brain (Handout)
... threshold level) rather than swimming toward a nutrient source as in the unicellular organisms prof.aza ...
... threshold level) rather than swimming toward a nutrient source as in the unicellular organisms prof.aza ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... another neuron with adjacent but non-overlapping receptive fields. However, it must be noted that this extent of collaterals may be an overestimate, because the tracer used in this study might also label the local axon collaterals of distant neurons whose axons transport the label retrogradely. A re ...
... another neuron with adjacent but non-overlapping receptive fields. However, it must be noted that this extent of collaterals may be an overestimate, because the tracer used in this study might also label the local axon collaterals of distant neurons whose axons transport the label retrogradely. A re ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... processed. The cerebellum was dissected by cutting the cerebellar peduncles at the surface of the brainstem. The cerebral cortex in all animals was manually dissected from the striatum and other subcortical structures. The hippocampus was then dissected from each cortical hemisphere, under a stereos ...
... processed. The cerebellum was dissected by cutting the cerebellar peduncles at the surface of the brainstem. The cerebral cortex in all animals was manually dissected from the striatum and other subcortical structures. The hippocampus was then dissected from each cortical hemisphere, under a stereos ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... embryos. Neurons were labeled with an antibody which labels many embryonic neurons, a lipophilic axonal tracer dye, and intracellular dye injections. The embryonic brain is extremely simple, and at 28 hr of development, the forebrain and midbrain consist of 8 main axonal tracts which are arranged as ...
... embryos. Neurons were labeled with an antibody which labels many embryonic neurons, a lipophilic axonal tracer dye, and intracellular dye injections. The embryonic brain is extremely simple, and at 28 hr of development, the forebrain and midbrain consist of 8 main axonal tracts which are arranged as ...
Finding a face in the crowd: parallel and serial neural mechanisms
... spotlight would track across the page, checking each object within its ‘‘field of illumination’’ against a mental image of Waldo. Another possibility is that the brain takes in the entire page at once and gradually zooms in on relevant features such as color and shape (parallel processing). In this m ...
... spotlight would track across the page, checking each object within its ‘‘field of illumination’’ against a mental image of Waldo. Another possibility is that the brain takes in the entire page at once and gradually zooms in on relevant features such as color and shape (parallel processing). In this m ...
A Stereoscopic Look at Visual Cortex
... and receives extensive inputs from the dorsal stream (Baizer et al. 1991; Saleem et al. 2000), leaving open the possibility that the relevant processing is happening in dorsal cortex and is later relayed to ventral cortex. Three very recent papers now provide us with a clearer picture. They indicate ...
... and receives extensive inputs from the dorsal stream (Baizer et al. 1991; Saleem et al. 2000), leaving open the possibility that the relevant processing is happening in dorsal cortex and is later relayed to ventral cortex. Three very recent papers now provide us with a clearer picture. They indicate ...
Brain Uncoupling Protein 2: Uncoupled Neuronal Mitochondria
... hormone-releasing hormone (L HRH; Dr. H. Urbanski)]. Under approved institutional animal protocols, rats (n 5 5) were food-deprived for 24 hr before killing. Control animals received food ad libitum. Groups of male rats (n 5 5) were also exposed to 16 hr of cold (4°C) during which time food and wate ...
... hormone-releasing hormone (L HRH; Dr. H. Urbanski)]. Under approved institutional animal protocols, rats (n 5 5) were food-deprived for 24 hr before killing. Control animals received food ad libitum. Groups of male rats (n 5 5) were also exposed to 16 hr of cold (4°C) during which time food and wate ...
Neuroscience: Science of the Brain
... neurons making up the grey matter of the cerebral cortex. The basal ganglia play a central role in the initiation and control of movement. (See Chapter 7 on Movement). Packed into the limited space of the skull, the cerebral cortex is thrown into folds that weave in and out to enable a much larger s ...
... neurons making up the grey matter of the cerebral cortex. The basal ganglia play a central role in the initiation and control of movement. (See Chapter 7 on Movement). Packed into the limited space of the skull, the cerebral cortex is thrown into folds that weave in and out to enable a much larger s ...
Self-Organizing Map Considering False Neighboring Neuron
... is said to be “false neighboring neuron (FNN)”. The falseneighbor degrees of FNN and its neighbors are increased, and the false-neighbor degrees act as a burden of the distance between each map node when the weight vectors of neurons are updated. Therefore, the FNN-SOM self-organizes with considerin ...
... is said to be “false neighboring neuron (FNN)”. The falseneighbor degrees of FNN and its neighbors are increased, and the false-neighbor degrees act as a burden of the distance between each map node when the weight vectors of neurons are updated. Therefore, the FNN-SOM self-organizes with considerin ...
Reactions versus Reflexes Lab - biology-with
... Closing your eyes automatically is a reflex. A reflex is an autonomic (or involuntary) response to a stimulus that helps to protect the body from injury. Reflexes are very rapid and of short duration since they do not rely upon the brain for “decision making”. This en ...
... Closing your eyes automatically is a reflex. A reflex is an autonomic (or involuntary) response to a stimulus that helps to protect the body from injury. Reflexes are very rapid and of short duration since they do not rely upon the brain for “decision making”. This en ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... macrovibrisae showed that whisking neurons similar to those observed in the trigeminal ganglion were located in the TMnu. These neurons had different patterns of activation, which were dependent on the type of spontaneous macrovibrissae movement. In particular, their spiking activity tonically incre ...
... macrovibrisae showed that whisking neurons similar to those observed in the trigeminal ganglion were located in the TMnu. These neurons had different patterns of activation, which were dependent on the type of spontaneous macrovibrissae movement. In particular, their spiking activity tonically incre ...
Reaction Time and Reflexes – Lab #11 - Science-with
... your eyes: reflexes and reactions. You automatically closed your eyes as the object approached and you may have ducked your head out of the way. Closing your eyes automatically is a reflex. A reflex is an autonomic (or involuntary) response to a stimulus that helps to protect the body from injury. R ...
... your eyes: reflexes and reactions. You automatically closed your eyes as the object approached and you may have ducked your head out of the way. Closing your eyes automatically is a reflex. A reflex is an autonomic (or involuntary) response to a stimulus that helps to protect the body from injury. R ...
A horizontal spinal cord slice preparation for studying descending
... inputs can be readily activated by stimulation of dorsal roots that often remain attached to spinal cord slices. Similarly, local inputs can be studied within a slice by low intensity focal stimulation of visualized neurons or even recording from pairs of neurons. The other major source of synaptic ...
... inputs can be readily activated by stimulation of dorsal roots that often remain attached to spinal cord slices. Similarly, local inputs can be studied within a slice by low intensity focal stimulation of visualized neurons or even recording from pairs of neurons. The other major source of synaptic ...
Document
... send their axons to the thalamus, while others receive input from thalamic neurons. ...
... send their axons to the thalamus, while others receive input from thalamic neurons. ...
Reward system - Basic Knowledge 101
... perception of reward and the phenomenon of positive reinforcement are a set of interconnected forebrain structures called brain reward pathways; these include the nucleus accumbens (NAc; the major component of the ventral striatum), the basal forebrain (components of which have been termed the exten ...
... perception of reward and the phenomenon of positive reinforcement are a set of interconnected forebrain structures called brain reward pathways; these include the nucleus accumbens (NAc; the major component of the ventral striatum), the basal forebrain (components of which have been termed the exten ...