High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... baseline activity predicts the behavioral performance (Ress et al., 2000; Fox et al., 2007; Hesselmann et al., 2008; Scholvinck et al., 2012). The results of these electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies have changed the traditional view in which the baseline activity was considered noise. How ...
... baseline activity predicts the behavioral performance (Ress et al., 2000; Fox et al., 2007; Hesselmann et al., 2008; Scholvinck et al., 2012). The results of these electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies have changed the traditional view in which the baseline activity was considered noise. How ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form of energy in order for the information to be transm ...
... • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form of energy in order for the information to be transm ...
Somatosensory system
... The somatosensory system is a diverse sensory system composed of the receptors and processing centres to produce the sensory modalities such as touch, temperature, proprioception (body position), and nociception (pain). The sensory receptors cover the skin and epithelia, skeletal muscles, bones and ...
... The somatosensory system is a diverse sensory system composed of the receptors and processing centres to produce the sensory modalities such as touch, temperature, proprioception (body position), and nociception (pain). The sensory receptors cover the skin and epithelia, skeletal muscles, bones and ...
Slide 1
... the thalamus is blocked. For additional details on these modes of firing in thalamic relay neurons, as well as the membrane currents that underlie the rhythmic bursting mode, please see Chapter 5, Figure 5.14. From Weyand et al. (2001), J. Neurophysiology 85:1107–18). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. ...
... the thalamus is blocked. For additional details on these modes of firing in thalamic relay neurons, as well as the membrane currents that underlie the rhythmic bursting mode, please see Chapter 5, Figure 5.14. From Weyand et al. (2001), J. Neurophysiology 85:1107–18). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... where ‘‘re’’ and ‘‘rp’’ are the average response of the neuron in grasp-toeat and grasp-to-place condition, respectively, during the epoch/ epochs in which statistical analysis revealed differential activation between the 2 conditions. In order to describe and compare the distribution of PIs in the ...
... where ‘‘re’’ and ‘‘rp’’ are the average response of the neuron in grasp-toeat and grasp-to-place condition, respectively, during the epoch/ epochs in which statistical analysis revealed differential activation between the 2 conditions. In order to describe and compare the distribution of PIs in the ...
Abstract 1. Introduction Temporal dynamics of perception and the
... difference between the 1D and 2D responses of approximately 20 ms. One potential caveat in interpreting the results as a true difference in processing speeds is that, in both cases, the purely 2D component of the eye movement is smaller—the direction difference between the 1D and 2D components of st ...
... difference between the 1D and 2D responses of approximately 20 ms. One potential caveat in interpreting the results as a true difference in processing speeds is that, in both cases, the purely 2D component of the eye movement is smaller—the direction difference between the 1D and 2D components of st ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... Each rhopalial pacemaker is capable of initiating a contraction of the subumbrellar swim musculature. The current view on pacemaker interaction is that activity from an active pacemaker “resets” all others, so the pacemaker with the fastest rhythm controls the swim system (Pantin and Vianna Dias 195 ...
... Each rhopalial pacemaker is capable of initiating a contraction of the subumbrellar swim musculature. The current view on pacemaker interaction is that activity from an active pacemaker “resets” all others, so the pacemaker with the fastest rhythm controls the swim system (Pantin and Vianna Dias 195 ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... b; Keshishian and Bentley, 1983a, b, c; Berlot and Goodman, 1984). It has been suggested that pioneer growth cones rely on at least two sources of guidance: (7) polarity along the limb axis, and (2) strategically located cells that serve as stepping stones (Bate, 1976), guideposts (Bentley and Keshi ...
... b; Keshishian and Bentley, 1983a, b, c; Berlot and Goodman, 1984). It has been suggested that pioneer growth cones rely on at least two sources of guidance: (7) polarity along the limb axis, and (2) strategically located cells that serve as stepping stones (Bate, 1976), guideposts (Bentley and Keshi ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... 1981), although we could not distinguish between two populations of neurons. In the 20-pm sections used for the double-labeling studies we felt we could not be certain that the smaller profiles did not simply represent angled sections of larger neurons, since in 50- and 100~pm-thick sections of stri ...
... 1981), although we could not distinguish between two populations of neurons. In the 20-pm sections used for the double-labeling studies we felt we could not be certain that the smaller profiles did not simply represent angled sections of larger neurons, since in 50- and 100~pm-thick sections of stri ...
PNS: Cranial Nerves
... PNS: Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division • ____________ neurons originate from T1 through L2 • Ganglia are at the sympathetic trunk (near the spinal cord) • Short pre-ganglionic neuron and long post-ganglionic neuron transmit impulse from ______ to the effector • Neurotransmitters: __________and epi ...
... PNS: Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division • ____________ neurons originate from T1 through L2 • Ganglia are at the sympathetic trunk (near the spinal cord) • Short pre-ganglionic neuron and long post-ganglionic neuron transmit impulse from ______ to the effector • Neurotransmitters: __________and epi ...
SOM
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... polarized—from a slight excess of Na+ on the outside A stimulus triggers the opening of Na+ channels in the plasma membrane of the neuron Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impuls ...
... polarized—from a slight excess of Na+ on the outside A stimulus triggers the opening of Na+ channels in the plasma membrane of the neuron Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impuls ...
Virus-delivered small RNA silencing sustains strength in
... hind limb on one side of a cohort of 7-week-old SOD1G93A mutant mice with AAV-2 carrying either siRNA against SOD1 or the missense control. As expected,11 GFP mRNA was present in the spinal cord (Fig 2A) of animals injected with either AAV-2-GFPsiRNA or the missense construct. This demonstrates retr ...
... hind limb on one side of a cohort of 7-week-old SOD1G93A mutant mice with AAV-2 carrying either siRNA against SOD1 or the missense control. As expected,11 GFP mRNA was present in the spinal cord (Fig 2A) of animals injected with either AAV-2-GFPsiRNA or the missense construct. This demonstrates retr ...
D5 (Not D1) Dopamine Receptors Potentiate Burst
... (control: 5.3 ⫾ 1.2; D1 agonist: 5.7 ⫾ 1.8 Hz; n ⫽ 8). Afterhyperpolarization was often more pronounced, but there was no other effect on cell properties, including input resistance, spike threshold, amplitude, or width (n ⫽ 15; data not shown). Although burst-firing is displayed spontaneously by on ...
... (control: 5.3 ⫾ 1.2; D1 agonist: 5.7 ⫾ 1.8 Hz; n ⫽ 8). Afterhyperpolarization was often more pronounced, but there was no other effect on cell properties, including input resistance, spike threshold, amplitude, or width (n ⫽ 15; data not shown). Although burst-firing is displayed spontaneously by on ...
A Counter Based Connectionist Model of Animal Timing - APT
... The probability of a response to the L lever is computed for each of the intervals presented and plotted as a function of the interval length. The pattern of L responses is typically a half Gaussian that increases to the highest response probability at the interval L. Of theoretical concern is the l ...
... The probability of a response to the L lever is computed for each of the intervals presented and plotted as a function of the interval length. The pattern of L responses is typically a half Gaussian that increases to the highest response probability at the interval L. Of theoretical concern is the l ...
Mirror neurons and the social nature of language
... the observation of partially hidden actions, when the monkey can predict the action outcome, even in the absence of the complete visual information about it. Macaque monkeys’ mirror neurons therefore respond to acts made by others not exclusively on the basis of their visual description, but on the ...
... the observation of partially hidden actions, when the monkey can predict the action outcome, even in the absence of the complete visual information about it. Macaque monkeys’ mirror neurons therefore respond to acts made by others not exclusively on the basis of their visual description, but on the ...
Locally evoked potentials in slices of the rat nucleus - UvA-DARE
... occurs during high-frequency stimulation or during lowf r e q u e n c y stimulation i n nominally Mg2+-free medium 27' 39 H o w e v e r , in slice preparations of the visual and entorhinal cortex, as well as subthalamic area, N M D A receptors m a r k e d l y contribute to synaptic responses elicite ...
... occurs during high-frequency stimulation or during lowf r e q u e n c y stimulation i n nominally Mg2+-free medium 27' 39 H o w e v e r , in slice preparations of the visual and entorhinal cortex, as well as subthalamic area, N M D A receptors m a r k e d l y contribute to synaptic responses elicite ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves was not statistically significant (P..05) for the monkeys examined in this study; therefore, changes observed in left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6 are most representative for chan ...
... retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves was not statistically significant (P..05) for the monkeys examined in this study; therefore, changes observed in left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6 are most representative for chan ...
Formation, Maturation, and Disorders of Brain Neocortex
... migration . Caviness et al (18) have postulated that the molecular layer acts as a mechanical barrier to the further migration of the neurons. Marin-Padilla (2, 17) has suggested that termination of neuronal migration is initiated by synaptic contact with dendritic projections from the cells in the ...
... migration . Caviness et al (18) have postulated that the molecular layer acts as a mechanical barrier to the further migration of the neurons. Marin-Padilla (2, 17) has suggested that termination of neuronal migration is initiated by synaptic contact with dendritic projections from the cells in the ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 32.1 Eye movements that stabilize
... hypoglossi (NPH)—and also modulates activity in nuclei associated with saccades, such as the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). A second pathway involves projections from the pretectum to the pontine nuclei, as well as a direct projection to the vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypogloss ...
... hypoglossi (NPH)—and also modulates activity in nuclei associated with saccades, such as the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). A second pathway involves projections from the pretectum to the pontine nuclei, as well as a direct projection to the vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypogloss ...
Text Clustering using Semantics
... However, this can cause problems. For example, if we consider the two sentences John eats the apple standing beside the tree and The apple tree stands beside John's house. On the other hand there may be some sentences, which have the same meaning but have been constructed from different sets of word ...
... However, this can cause problems. For example, if we consider the two sentences John eats the apple standing beside the tree and The apple tree stands beside John's house. On the other hand there may be some sentences, which have the same meaning but have been constructed from different sets of word ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... axon terminal in response to an action potential into the synapse – The molecules diffuse across the synapse – NT molecules interact with receptors to alter the potential of the membrane • May lead to an action potential in the adjacent cell ...
... axon terminal in response to an action potential into the synapse – The molecules diffuse across the synapse – NT molecules interact with receptors to alter the potential of the membrane • May lead to an action potential in the adjacent cell ...