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The Human Nervous System
The Human Nervous System

... • Neurons can also be classified by the direction that they send information. – Sensory (or afferent) neurons: send information from sensory receptors (e.g., in skin, eyes, nose, tongue, ears) TOWARD the central nervous system. – Motor (or efferent) neurons: send information AWAY from the central ne ...
Mammalian Cells – NIH-3T3
Mammalian Cells – NIH-3T3

... Cells are pre-counted, pre-aliquoted versions of their standard counterpart cell lines. However, they have been frozen in a state of suspended high efficiency. This means that all you need to do is thaw them, plate them, and transfect them 3 hours later. This time savings allows you to transfect at ...
Nervous System Part 1
Nervous System Part 1

... (C) close to but less positive than the Na+ equilibrium potential (D) exactly at 0 mV (E) the same as the resting membrane potential ...
Nerve tissue
Nerve tissue

Chapter 23 take home test File
Chapter 23 take home test File

... 8. Puffer fish can be toxic to eat because they contain tetrodotoxin, a poison that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. If you consumed this toxin, what effect would this have on motor neurons? a) It would induce apoptosis, a programmed cell death. b) It would cause an immediate release of neurotr ...
- Co-Action Publishing JOURNALS
- Co-Action Publishing JOURNALS

... an additional 6 days (total of 18 days in culture). Neural rosettes were manually replated on polyornithine/laminin-coated dishes and were allowed to proliferate and migrate for 8 additional days in Neurobasal medium supplemented with N2/B27 and 20 ng/mL FGF-2. After that, 2×105 cells/cm2 were plate ...
Investigating Nervous and Sensory Systems
Investigating Nervous and Sensory Systems

... To survive and reproduce, animals must maintain a relatively constant internal state, often in the midst of enormous environmental fluctuations. This constancy, called homeostasis, is maintained by the nervous and endocrine systems, which interact to control an animal’s internal functioning (physiol ...
Chapter 2 Powerpoint
Chapter 2 Powerpoint

...  chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons  when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural impulse ...
septins were depleted Orai1 became sites. However, more work will be
septins were depleted Orai1 became sites. However, more work will be

... http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.042 ...
and peripheral nerves, and is composed of cells called neurons that
and peripheral nerves, and is composed of cells called neurons that

... concentration gradients and the membrane potential. Nerve impulses have a domino effect. An action potential in one part of the neuron causes another action potential in the adjacent part and so on. This is due to the diffusion of sodium ions between the region of the action potential and the restin ...
Scientific priorities for the BRAIN Initiative
Scientific priorities for the BRAIN Initiative

... approaches have been successful in reducing multidimensional behavioral dynamics to specific behavioral rules that might be instantiated in brain circuits. For want of a better word, full ‘behavior-omes’ that describe time-varying behavior of animals in defined environments would provide large data ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... Classical conditioning of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. (Adapted, with permission, from Hawkins et al. 1983.) A. The siphon is stimulated by a light touch and the tail is shocked, but the two stimuli are not paired in time. The tail shock excites facilitatory interneurons that form synapses ...
In your journal, take notes by writing the name of
In your journal, take notes by writing the name of

... brain stem, which is close to the center of the brain. The human thalamus can be divided into two pear-shaped halves. The thalamus is often referred to as the "relay station" of the brain. This is because the thalamus has a primary function of relaying information to other parts of the body. The tha ...
Visual System - UAB School of Optometry
Visual System - UAB School of Optometry

... to rapid motion or low contrast. Magnocellular System: originates with the parasol ganglion cells in the retina, connects to magno cells in LGN, more strongly associated with extrastriate visual areas in the posterior parietal lobe. Neurons respond well to rapid motion and low contrasts, not so well ...
FluoProbes - Interchim
FluoProbes - Interchim

... Guidelines for use Beads are best injected using pressure (e.g. a 1 ml Hamilton syringe, or pressurized air injection system). For local circuit work, very small volumes (30-50 nl) have been injected through glass pipettes with 30-50 mm diameter tips. For routine retrograde tracing, larger volumes ( ...
638965471899MyersMod_LG_03
638965471899MyersMod_LG_03

... Neurons in the brain cluster into work groups called neural networks. The cells in each layer of a neural network connect with various cells in the next layer. With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. One network is interconne ...
Lecture #13 – Animal Nervous Systems
Lecture #13 – Animal Nervous Systems

... • Neuron resting potential is ~ -70mV At resting potential the neuron is NOT actively transmitting signals Maintained largely because cell membranes are more permeable to K+ than to Na+; more K+ leaves the cell than Na+ enters An ATP powered K+/Na+ pump continually restores the concentration grad ...
Final - Center for Neural Science
Final - Center for Neural Science

... Part II. Multiple Choice (1.5 points each). Write your name and fill in the circles using a #2 pencil on the accompanying scantron card. 1) In the study of perceptual processes, the term “transduction” is defined to be a) temporal patterning of nerve impulses. b) neural processing. c) the conversio ...
Drug Slides Ch. 3
Drug Slides Ch. 3

... neurons exert their effects by interacting with special protein regions in membranes called receptors. Receptors only interact with molecules that have specific configurations. The receptors are also targets for specific types of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs (see opiate receptors example i ...
APOPTOSIS ASSAYS
APOPTOSIS ASSAYS

... Simultaneous cell cycle and two-color surface immunofluorescence using 7-amino-actinomycin D and single laser excitation: Application to study cell activation and the cell cycle of murine LY-1B cells. J. Immunol. 136(8),2769. Propidium Iodide Staining Prepare cells by washing (X2) with PBS. On final ...
Western (U - Claremont Center for the Mathematical Sciences
Western (U - Claremont Center for the Mathematical Sciences

... In our device, analyte in two concentrations is loaded into two reservoir and driven by a syringe pump. It first passes through a mixer segment that uses special channel branching to obtain several intermediate concentrations. These channels all empty into n open interrogation" segment consisting of ...
PPT File - Newark Central Schools
PPT File - Newark Central Schools

... Essential Questions: What is the CNS? What is structures make up the CNS?  The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. ...
8.2 The Senses
8.2 The Senses

... Example: Bring an object such as an eraser close to your eyes. Without moving it, look at the eraser first with one eye and then with the other. You will see the difference in the two images because of the different viewpoint each eye has. When you open both eyes, you will see no difference. ...
Evidence for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian substantia nigra
Evidence for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian substantia nigra

... turnover is constant, the entire population of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra could be replaced during the lifespan of a mouse. These data indicate that neurogenesis in the adult brain is more widespread than previously thought and may have implications for our understanding of the pathoge ...
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Channelrhodopsin



Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.
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