A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
... Towards a unifying neural hypothesis of the basis of social cognition • A bridge between ourselves and others • The understanding of basic aspects of social cognition depends on activation of neural structures normally involved in our own personally experienced actions or emotions. • Network of act ...
... Towards a unifying neural hypothesis of the basis of social cognition • A bridge between ourselves and others • The understanding of basic aspects of social cognition depends on activation of neural structures normally involved in our own personally experienced actions or emotions. • Network of act ...
Nature 411, 189 - 193 (2001)
... rudimentary in anamniote vertebrates. For example, a typical substantia nigra composed of numerous dopaminergic neurons that project to the striatum already exists in the brain of reptiles. Other studies in mammals show that glutamatergic cortical inputs establish distinct functional territories wit ...
... rudimentary in anamniote vertebrates. For example, a typical substantia nigra composed of numerous dopaminergic neurons that project to the striatum already exists in the brain of reptiles. Other studies in mammals show that glutamatergic cortical inputs establish distinct functional territories wit ...
Brain Bark
... The half of the brain that functions to think about abstract information like music, colors or shapes and to synthesize experiences by giving a quick, general sense of what is happening ...
... The half of the brain that functions to think about abstract information like music, colors or shapes and to synthesize experiences by giving a quick, general sense of what is happening ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... • A single neuron may receive many signals, both excitatory and inhibitory • Synaptic integration is the summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals – This determines if an action potential will travel along an axon ...
... • A single neuron may receive many signals, both excitatory and inhibitory • Synaptic integration is the summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals – This determines if an action potential will travel along an axon ...
Chapter 3 Lecture Notecards
... a weaker stimulus does not produce a weaker action potential. If the neuron receives a stimulus of sufficient strength, it fires, but if it receives a weaker stimulus, it doesn’t. This is referred to as the “all-or-none law.” ...
... a weaker stimulus does not produce a weaker action potential. If the neuron receives a stimulus of sufficient strength, it fires, but if it receives a weaker stimulus, it doesn’t. This is referred to as the “all-or-none law.” ...
Chapter 3 Editable Lecture Notecards
... a weaker stimulus does not produce a weaker action potential. If the neuron receives a stimulus of sufficient strength, it fires, but if it receives a weaker stimulus, it doesn’t. This is referred to as the “all-or-none law.” ...
... a weaker stimulus does not produce a weaker action potential. If the neuron receives a stimulus of sufficient strength, it fires, but if it receives a weaker stimulus, it doesn’t. This is referred to as the “all-or-none law.” ...
PDF
... root ganglia (DRG) of Olig2 knockout mouse embryos, which lack motoneurons (see p. 1125). These embryos, they report, also have reduced numbers of sensory neurons but increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the DRG. In addition, the axonal projections of the sensory neurons in these embryos are abno ...
... root ganglia (DRG) of Olig2 knockout mouse embryos, which lack motoneurons (see p. 1125). These embryos, they report, also have reduced numbers of sensory neurons but increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the DRG. In addition, the axonal projections of the sensory neurons in these embryos are abno ...
Revision material
... How do cells in the ventral spinal cord respond to differing levels of Shh? The genomic sequence of the “AMPA” receptor encodes a Ca2+ channel but most AMPA receptors are only permeable to Na+. Explain. Describe briefly the optical factors that affect visual acuity. Write short notes on two of the f ...
... How do cells in the ventral spinal cord respond to differing levels of Shh? The genomic sequence of the “AMPA” receptor encodes a Ca2+ channel but most AMPA receptors are only permeable to Na+. Explain. Describe briefly the optical factors that affect visual acuity. Write short notes on two of the f ...
SPP 1665: Resolving and manipulating neuronal networks in the
... Outstanding questions for future research on the role of hippocampal-prefrontal interactions in both healthy brain function and disease states are also discussed. d. Helfrich RF, Herrmann CS, Engel AK, Schneider TR (2015): Different coupling modes mediate cortical cross-frequency interactions. Neuro ...
... Outstanding questions for future research on the role of hippocampal-prefrontal interactions in both healthy brain function and disease states are also discussed. d. Helfrich RF, Herrmann CS, Engel AK, Schneider TR (2015): Different coupling modes mediate cortical cross-frequency interactions. Neuro ...
Spike-Timing-Dependent Hebbian Plasticity as
... and Gerstner et al. (1996). In this case, although the TD error remains positive, the synaptic conductance remains clamped at the upper bound value, and only a single spike is elicited (see Figure 3C). The use of an upper bound is partially supported by physiological experiments showing a dependence ...
... and Gerstner et al. (1996). In this case, although the TD error remains positive, the synaptic conductance remains clamped at the upper bound value, and only a single spike is elicited (see Figure 3C). The use of an upper bound is partially supported by physiological experiments showing a dependence ...
1 - U-System
... - Each elemental function, like somatic sensation, vision or voluntary movement, has a primary cortical area associated with it - Each function also has a nearby association area that works on more complicated aspects of the same function; these unimodal association areas have higher THs, larger/bil ...
... - Each elemental function, like somatic sensation, vision or voluntary movement, has a primary cortical area associated with it - Each function also has a nearby association area that works on more complicated aspects of the same function; these unimodal association areas have higher THs, larger/bil ...
1) - Blackwell Publishing
... 27) Answers: (a) and (d). The hypothalamus has major roles in motivation. Hypothalamic damage in one location can lead to gross overeating (hyperphagia) and obesity, while damage at a different hypothalamic site can result in potentially fatal undereating. The hypothalamus controls aspects of hormon ...
... 27) Answers: (a) and (d). The hypothalamus has major roles in motivation. Hypothalamic damage in one location can lead to gross overeating (hyperphagia) and obesity, while damage at a different hypothalamic site can result in potentially fatal undereating. The hypothalamus controls aspects of hormon ...
Introduction to electrophysiological recordings
... The presynaptic process of the axon releases neurotransmitters in the synaptic left that interact with postsynaptic membrane receptors that gate ion channels. For example, the glutamate (the most common neurotransmitter ~90%) opens postsynaptic Na+ channels. The influx of Na+ decreases the electrica ...
... The presynaptic process of the axon releases neurotransmitters in the synaptic left that interact with postsynaptic membrane receptors that gate ion channels. For example, the glutamate (the most common neurotransmitter ~90%) opens postsynaptic Na+ channels. The influx of Na+ decreases the electrica ...
Descending Tracts - Bell`s Palsy
... The tract then passes through the middle 3/5 of the basis pedunculi of the midbrain; organization of fibers in the midbrain: 1. medially: cervical parts of the body 2. laterally: lower limbs. When the tract enters the pons, it's broken into many bundles by the transverse pontocerebellar fibers. In t ...
... The tract then passes through the middle 3/5 of the basis pedunculi of the midbrain; organization of fibers in the midbrain: 1. medially: cervical parts of the body 2. laterally: lower limbs. When the tract enters the pons, it's broken into many bundles by the transverse pontocerebellar fibers. In t ...
path430_826-week10-PD
... promoter associated with sporadic PD in some studies, but not in others ...
... promoter associated with sporadic PD in some studies, but not in others ...
Technological integration and hyper-connectivity
... It is possible to study some from universal aspects of the evolutionary process by using examples from the computational sciences (6). In an information-rich environment which is subjected to finite allocation of resources, nodes(computer programmes, i.e. ‘digital organisms’) can survive (retained v ...
... It is possible to study some from universal aspects of the evolutionary process by using examples from the computational sciences (6). In an information-rich environment which is subjected to finite allocation of resources, nodes(computer programmes, i.e. ‘digital organisms’) can survive (retained v ...
morphometric parameters of the structures of the medulla oblongata
... weeks is the same to the one in adult and the motor nuclei is presented by differentiated neurons, which also confirmed by our research. Significantly different sizes of neurons of nuclei of hypoglossal nerve in fetuses of 17-18 weeks of prenatal development are not described in the available scient ...
... weeks is the same to the one in adult and the motor nuclei is presented by differentiated neurons, which also confirmed by our research. Significantly different sizes of neurons of nuclei of hypoglossal nerve in fetuses of 17-18 weeks of prenatal development are not described in the available scient ...
Investigation of pathological mechanisms underlying the childhood
... Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant death, affecting around 1 in every 6,000 children. The condition is caused by loss of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene, which primarily results in a breakdown and loss of nerve cells (known as lower motor neurons) that connect ...
... Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant death, affecting around 1 in every 6,000 children. The condition is caused by loss of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene, which primarily results in a breakdown and loss of nerve cells (known as lower motor neurons) that connect ...
Primary motor cortex (M1)
... • Internal models adapt when there is a discrepancy between expected and actual sensory feedback. • In amputation, internal models must adapt in response to very large errors. ...
... • Internal models adapt when there is a discrepancy between expected and actual sensory feedback. • In amputation, internal models must adapt in response to very large errors. ...
Amsterdam Brn Adapt View P3
... It should be noted that these effects are not limited to cerebellar cortex. Kleim et al. (papers and absts) have described synaptogenesis and changes in synapse morphology in association with the same AC motor learning procedure in the somatosensory-somatomotor forelimb cortex of rats. The first mor ...
... It should be noted that these effects are not limited to cerebellar cortex. Kleim et al. (papers and absts) have described synaptogenesis and changes in synapse morphology in association with the same AC motor learning procedure in the somatosensory-somatomotor forelimb cortex of rats. The first mor ...
Neural network
... • When the network is used, it identifies the input pattern and tries to output the associated output pattern. • The power of neural networks comes to life when a pattern that has no output associated with it, is given as an input. • In this case, the network gives the output that corresponds to a t ...
... • When the network is used, it identifies the input pattern and tries to output the associated output pattern. • The power of neural networks comes to life when a pattern that has no output associated with it, is given as an input. • In this case, the network gives the output that corresponds to a t ...
SI October 7, 2008
... Typically generated in the soma and dendrites, which are rich in chemically gated ion channels that can be activated by synapses with other neurons. (from slide #99 and table 12-2 in the text) 1) “The transmembrane potential is most affected at the site of stimulation and decreases with distance” 2) ...
... Typically generated in the soma and dendrites, which are rich in chemically gated ion channels that can be activated by synapses with other neurons. (from slide #99 and table 12-2 in the text) 1) “The transmembrane potential is most affected at the site of stimulation and decreases with distance” 2) ...
Abstract and bio notes ()
... modifications induced by drugs of abuse. In rodents, drugs of abuse induce locomotor hyperactivity, and repeating injections enhances this response. This effect, called behavioral sensitization, persists many months after the last administration, thus mimicking long-term sensitivity to drugs observe ...
... modifications induced by drugs of abuse. In rodents, drugs of abuse induce locomotor hyperactivity, and repeating injections enhances this response. This effect, called behavioral sensitization, persists many months after the last administration, thus mimicking long-term sensitivity to drugs observe ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.