Review Final Exam
... 33. Someone with unacceptable sexual impulses expresses them symbolically through art works. According to Freud, this is an example of a. reaction formation. c. sublimation. b. repression. d. rationalization. 34. You put on your sunglasses because the bright sun is making your eyes hurt. a. Positive ...
... 33. Someone with unacceptable sexual impulses expresses them symbolically through art works. According to Freud, this is an example of a. reaction formation. c. sublimation. b. repression. d. rationalization. 34. You put on your sunglasses because the bright sun is making your eyes hurt. a. Positive ...
Biological constraints oninstrumental and classical conditioning
... situation specificity, like emphasis on exceptions to the rule, failed to provide a systematic method for discovery of new biological constraint phenomena. To demonstrate situation specificity, one must show that learning proceeds differently in two or more circumstances. However, the concept of sit ...
... situation specificity, like emphasis on exceptions to the rule, failed to provide a systematic method for discovery of new biological constraint phenomena. To demonstrate situation specificity, one must show that learning proceeds differently in two or more circumstances. However, the concept of sit ...
Psychopharmacology of conditioned reward
... been studied using several methods, classified by Mackintosh (1974). The first involves the maintenance of responding during extinction. For example, during extinction of responding for food, animals that received response-contingent presentation of the click of the feeding apparatus (which previous ...
... been studied using several methods, classified by Mackintosh (1974). The first involves the maintenance of responding during extinction. For example, during extinction of responding for food, animals that received response-contingent presentation of the click of the feeding apparatus (which previous ...
Document
... in the associative conditioning literature, potentiation rather than overshadowing of learning about a target by another cue, when the target-outcome relationship is weak, has been found (Clarke, Westbrook, & Irwin, 1979; Schachtman, Reed, & Hall, 1987). ...
... in the associative conditioning literature, potentiation rather than overshadowing of learning about a target by another cue, when the target-outcome relationship is weak, has been found (Clarke, Westbrook, & Irwin, 1979; Schachtman, Reed, & Hall, 1987). ...
Repeated cocaine effects on learning, memory and extinction in the
... were trained 3 days later. No changes were found between the two groups for learning or memory of the operant mol·l–1 cocaine behavior. However, snails treated with 0.1· demonstrated impairment of extinction memory during reinstatement of the behavior compared with controls. Our findings suggest t ...
... were trained 3 days later. No changes were found between the two groups for learning or memory of the operant mol·l–1 cocaine behavior. However, snails treated with 0.1· demonstrated impairment of extinction memory during reinstatement of the behavior compared with controls. Our findings suggest t ...
Schultz 10e IMTB Chapter 09
... After this line of research, he secured a teaching job at Columbia and “worked with human subjects on problems of learning, adapting his animal research techniques for children and young people.” He became vastly successful, as evidenced by his becoming president of APA and by his high yearly incom ...
... After this line of research, he secured a teaching job at Columbia and “worked with human subjects on problems of learning, adapting his animal research techniques for children and young people.” He became vastly successful, as evidenced by his becoming president of APA and by his high yearly incom ...
Pavlov and Skinner: Two lives in science ( an introduction to B. F.
... In current behavior analysis, operant behavior is behavior that is emitted rather than elicited. Antecedent (discriminative) stimuli set the occasion on which such behavior may occur, but its emission in the presence of those stimuli depends not on its relation to other, eliciting stimuli (the uncon ...
... In current behavior analysis, operant behavior is behavior that is emitted rather than elicited. Antecedent (discriminative) stimuli set the occasion on which such behavior may occur, but its emission in the presence of those stimuli depends not on its relation to other, eliciting stimuli (the uncon ...
Chapter 1
... explanation for why their AAdvantage Marketing Programs will work. • Can you identify the UCS, CS, and the CR in this example? ...
... explanation for why their AAdvantage Marketing Programs will work. • Can you identify the UCS, CS, and the CR in this example? ...
Elective Psych Final Review ~ 2014 Name: Directions: It would, of
... the heredity with the environment as the major influence on behavior: Explain the issue of free will vs. determinism in psychology? Which issue in psychology concerns whether the field should focus on processes going on within the individual's mind rather than on behaviors that are clearly visib ...
... the heredity with the environment as the major influence on behavior: Explain the issue of free will vs. determinism in psychology? Which issue in psychology concerns whether the field should focus on processes going on within the individual's mind rather than on behaviors that are clearly visib ...
6 basic principles of learning
... 33. The form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that causes an innate response in order to elicit the same or similar response from what was the neutral stimulus is referred to as: A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning C) extinction D) stimulus g ...
... 33. The form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that causes an innate response in order to elicit the same or similar response from what was the neutral stimulus is referred to as: A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning C) extinction D) stimulus g ...
A Hierarchical Instrumental Decision Theory of Nicotine Dependence
... response if the state set the occasion when the response would not be reinforced. These findings suggest the nicotine stimulus can be established to retrieve both S:R-O and S:RnoO contingencies, which presumably promotes selection between alternatives in two-lever discrimination procedures. One of ...
... response if the state set the occasion when the response would not be reinforced. These findings suggest the nicotine stimulus can be established to retrieve both S:R-O and S:RnoO contingencies, which presumably promotes selection between alternatives in two-lever discrimination procedures. One of ...
Verplanck
... partial reinforcement, under conditions where we could also keep track of the behavior presumed to be controlled by them Stimulus matenals consisted of a set of 110 children's "tradmg cards"'—^backs of playmg cards, each different from all the others Smgle objects or figures were represented on 55 o ...
... partial reinforcement, under conditions where we could also keep track of the behavior presumed to be controlled by them Stimulus matenals consisted of a set of 110 children's "tradmg cards"'—^backs of playmg cards, each different from all the others Smgle objects or figures were represented on 55 o ...
introduction to learning theories
... As you read earlier, psychologists apply the scientific method to the study of learning. Its steps include observation, theory development, and hypothesis testing. In addition, psychologists seek to apply scientific findings to problems outside the tightly controlled world of the laboratory. Thus, p ...
... As you read earlier, psychologists apply the scientific method to the study of learning. Its steps include observation, theory development, and hypothesis testing. In addition, psychologists seek to apply scientific findings to problems outside the tightly controlled world of the laboratory. Thus, p ...
LEARNING PROCESS AND ACQUIRING SKILLS
... Generalization and Differentiation : In the course of learning a newly learned conditioned response may become generalized with respect to stimuli and responses. If the same response occurs to two different stimuli which are some what similar it is a generalized response. For example, a dog taught t ...
... Generalization and Differentiation : In the course of learning a newly learned conditioned response may become generalized with respect to stimuli and responses. If the same response occurs to two different stimuli which are some what similar it is a generalized response. For example, a dog taught t ...
On Some Research-Community Contributions to the Myth and
... that biofeedback was a form of instrumental conditioning. The issue of whether a given phenomenon constituted instrumental conditioning was familiar to anyone conversant with the animallearning literature of the late fifties. At that time, learning theorists wished to determine whether non-biologica ...
... that biofeedback was a form of instrumental conditioning. The issue of whether a given phenomenon constituted instrumental conditioning was familiar to anyone conversant with the animallearning literature of the late fifties. At that time, learning theorists wished to determine whether non-biologica ...
NORMATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AVERSIVE
... Learning theories of anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed category of disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), affecting nearly one third of the U.S. population at some point during the li ...
... Learning theories of anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed category of disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), affecting nearly one third of the U.S. population at some point during the li ...
Interaction of goal-directed and Pavlovian systems in aversive domains
... get access to it. A similar paradoxical effect was observed in an experimental procedure called negative automaintenance (Williams and Williams, 1969). Food was given to pigeons when they abstained to peck a CS; nonetheless, these animals were unable to learn this instrumental contingency and contin ...
... get access to it. A similar paradoxical effect was observed in an experimental procedure called negative automaintenance (Williams and Williams, 1969). Food was given to pigeons when they abstained to peck a CS; nonetheless, these animals were unable to learn this instrumental contingency and contin ...
Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Following Delay
... permanent or durable form. Several studies with laboratory animals have uncovered valuable information about the process of consolidation, but less is known about the process of consolidation in healthy humans. The current study examined the consolidation of emotional memories in different brain cir ...
... permanent or durable form. Several studies with laboratory animals have uncovered valuable information about the process of consolidation, but less is known about the process of consolidation in healthy humans. The current study examined the consolidation of emotional memories in different brain cir ...
RFT - Association for Contextual Behavioral Science
... Pliance and tracking are two types of rule-governed Behavior controlled by rules that specify a behavior and a consequence. They are differentiated from each other based on differerent kinds of reinforcement history. Augmenting is a kind of ”add on” to the two basic ones, and works by affecting the ...
... Pliance and tracking are two types of rule-governed Behavior controlled by rules that specify a behavior and a consequence. They are differentiated from each other based on differerent kinds of reinforcement history. Augmenting is a kind of ”add on” to the two basic ones, and works by affecting the ...
An Analytical Evaluation of “Differential Negative Reinforcement of
... cannot change conditioned emotional responses directly (i.e., without first changing the operant), but research has clearly demonstrated that you can. In 1920, Watson and Rayner published a landmark study on conditioned emotional responses and, in 1924, Jones published a study on changing fear respo ...
... cannot change conditioned emotional responses directly (i.e., without first changing the operant), but research has clearly demonstrated that you can. In 1920, Watson and Rayner published a landmark study on conditioned emotional responses and, in 1924, Jones published a study on changing fear respo ...
Likes by Flavour–Flavour Learning
... either sucrose or aspartame. To ensure that the sweet taste (the flavour UCS) was well liked, Yeomans took care to only select self-identified sweet likers for participation in their study. Interestingly, Brunstrom et al. (2001) found that unrestrained eaters showed enhanced preference for drinks mo ...
... either sucrose or aspartame. To ensure that the sweet taste (the flavour UCS) was well liked, Yeomans took care to only select self-identified sweet likers for participation in their study. Interestingly, Brunstrom et al. (2001) found that unrestrained eaters showed enhanced preference for drinks mo ...
Chapter Discussion Topics
... attention acting as a reinforcer for behavior. Instead, only through learning did attention become a learned reinforcer because it was often paired with other reinforcers when she was a baby. -attention reinforcer for adult too, different pairing -attention powerful reinforcer, often controls our be ...
... attention acting as a reinforcer for behavior. Instead, only through learning did attention become a learned reinforcer because it was often paired with other reinforcers when she was a baby. -attention reinforcer for adult too, different pairing -attention powerful reinforcer, often controls our be ...
Sensory Preconditioning in Spatial Learning Using a Touch Screen
... acquires the ability to elicit a conditioned response through pairings with a biologically significant unconditioned stimulus (US). Examples of associative phenomena that have been demonstrated in spatial tasks include cue– competition effects (see reviews by Chamizo, 2002, 2003; but see Hayward, Mc ...
... acquires the ability to elicit a conditioned response through pairings with a biologically significant unconditioned stimulus (US). Examples of associative phenomena that have been demonstrated in spatial tasks include cue– competition effects (see reviews by Chamizo, 2002, 2003; but see Hayward, Mc ...
File
... 1. If a physical correction is administered during the acquisition phase of a particular cue, it may decrease the dog’s desire to perform the cue at all. 2. Training situations should be set up so the dog will receive a correction no more than one out of ten cues. 3. If you utilize a physical correc ...
... 1. If a physical correction is administered during the acquisition phase of a particular cue, it may decrease the dog’s desire to perform the cue at all. 2. Training situations should be set up so the dog will receive a correction no more than one out of ten cues. 3. If you utilize a physical correc ...
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is a learning process in which an innate response to a potent stimulus comes to be elicited in response to a previously neutral stimulus; this is achieved by repeated pairings of the neutral stimulus with the potent stimulus. The basic facts about classical conditioning were discovered by Ivan Pavlov through his famous experiments with dogs. Together with operant conditioning, classical conditioning became the foundation of Behaviorism, a school of psychology that dominated psychology in the mid-20th century and is still an important influence on the practice of psychological therapy and the study of animal behaviour (ethology). Classical conditioning is now the best understood of the basic learning processes, and its neural substrates are beginning to be understood.