Chapter 5 - Pearson Higher Education
... give the dogs any food after the similar ticking sound. It didn’t take long for the dogs to stop responding (generalizing) to the “fake” ticking sounds altogether. Because only the real CS was followed with food, they learned to tell the difference, or discriminate, between the “fake” ticking and th ...
... give the dogs any food after the similar ticking sound. It didn’t take long for the dogs to stop responding (generalizing) to the “fake” ticking sounds altogether. Because only the real CS was followed with food, they learned to tell the difference, or discriminate, between the “fake” ticking and th ...
Skinner - Operant Conditioning
... In fact Skinner even taught the rats to avoid the electric current by turning on a light just before the electric current came on. The rats soon learned to press the lever when the light came on because they knew that this would stop the electric current being switched on. These two learned response ...
... In fact Skinner even taught the rats to avoid the electric current by turning on a light just before the electric current came on. The rats soon learned to press the lever when the light came on because they knew that this would stop the electric current being switched on. These two learned response ...
Limitations of Prompt-Based Training
... standing, thereby convoluting the conditioning and reducing the efficiency of training. I will elaborate on these processes below. Dogs learn through respondent conditioning (a process whereby a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by being made contiguous with and contingent on an uncond ...
... standing, thereby convoluting the conditioning and reducing the efficiency of training. I will elaborate on these processes below. Dogs learn through respondent conditioning (a process whereby a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by being made contiguous with and contingent on an uncond ...
POST-CONSUMMATORY AROUSAL OF DRIVE AS A MECHANISM
... to the salivary CR. Unpublished experiments of Soltysik, in which a precise salivary recording was made using a shortened Stensen's duct fistula (Soltysik and Zbrozyna 1957) and Kozak's method of recording salivation (Kozak 1050), have shown two facts that contradicted Wyrwicka's conc!usions. First, ...
... to the salivary CR. Unpublished experiments of Soltysik, in which a precise salivary recording was made using a shortened Stensen's duct fistula (Soltysik and Zbrozyna 1957) and Kozak's method of recording salivation (Kozak 1050), have shown two facts that contradicted Wyrwicka's conc!usions. First, ...
Behavior Therapy
... conditioned response. It occurs when a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without a previously associated unconditioned stimulus. If Watson had kept working with Little Albert and repeatedly exposed him to a white rat without a frightening sound of metal clanging, Little Albert would lose ...
... conditioned response. It occurs when a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without a previously associated unconditioned stimulus. If Watson had kept working with Little Albert and repeatedly exposed him to a white rat without a frightening sound of metal clanging, Little Albert would lose ...
3_Operant_Conditioni.. - Windsor C
... ‘operate’ in the environment or have an effect upon its environment. • Example: If you are reading a class textbook to get a better grade, reading is an operant behavior Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
... ‘operate’ in the environment or have an effect upon its environment. • Example: If you are reading a class textbook to get a better grade, reading is an operant behavior Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
LEARninG - numerons
... In contrast, the link between the tone and salivation was established through conditioning. It is therefore called a conditioned association. Thus, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. Th ...
... In contrast, the link between the tone and salivation was established through conditioning. It is therefore called a conditioned association. Thus, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. Th ...
Watson, Skinner and Tolman
... During the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that identified it as an essential of life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey transcending from the 19th century to what is now known as “modern day psychology” in 2012. In this succinc ...
... During the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that identified it as an essential of life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey transcending from the 19th century to what is now known as “modern day psychology” in 2012. In this succinc ...
Two forms of behavioral plasticity in which to explore
... • Learning is viewed as an unconstrained process (all nurture, no nature) • Two assumptions underlying this view: • General Process Assumption: all learning, in all organisms, is mediated by similar processes • Equipotentiality Assumption: all stimuli and responses are have equal potential to be lea ...
... • Learning is viewed as an unconstrained process (all nurture, no nature) • Two assumptions underlying this view: • General Process Assumption: all learning, in all organisms, is mediated by similar processes • Equipotentiality Assumption: all stimuli and responses are have equal potential to be lea ...
The effects of aversive stimiili on speech
... called a conditioned emotional response, for the previously neutral stimulus has then become what is called a conditioned aversive stimulus. In speech behavior, the neutral stimulus may be a sound, word, idea, person, personal characteristic, situation, or any other factor or combination of such fac ...
... called a conditioned emotional response, for the previously neutral stimulus has then become what is called a conditioned aversive stimulus. In speech behavior, the neutral stimulus may be a sound, word, idea, person, personal characteristic, situation, or any other factor or combination of such fac ...
Behaviorism Behaviorism was a movement in psychology and
... Behaviorist manifesto. Pavlov's stimulus-response model of explanation is also paradigmatic to much later behavioristic thought. In his famous experiments Pavlov ...
... Behaviorist manifesto. Pavlov's stimulus-response model of explanation is also paradigmatic to much later behavioristic thought. In his famous experiments Pavlov ...
BF Skinner Behaviorism
... • Schedules of reinforcement- Reduction of the frequency of reinforcement will not reduce the “learned” response or lead to extinction of the response. -Continuous reinforcement- simple operant conditioning, with a 1:1 stimulus to reinforcement ratio. -Fixed ratio schedule- reinforcement supplied af ...
... • Schedules of reinforcement- Reduction of the frequency of reinforcement will not reduce the “learned” response or lead to extinction of the response. -Continuous reinforcement- simple operant conditioning, with a 1:1 stimulus to reinforcement ratio. -Fixed ratio schedule- reinforcement supplied af ...
Motor Learning Made Possible Using a Tool of Applied
... treatment, and lack of knowledge of applicable body systems by the clinician are a few. Often ignored is the capacity for the patient to learn. It is entirely possible for a patient to be unable to appreciate contingent learning where ‘‘contingent’’ is defined as the ability to link two events in ti ...
... treatment, and lack of knowledge of applicable body systems by the clinician are a few. Often ignored is the capacity for the patient to learn. It is entirely possible for a patient to be unable to appreciate contingent learning where ‘‘contingent’’ is defined as the ability to link two events in ti ...
PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET
... -anything in the environment that one can respond Unconditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically Unconditioned Response -an automatic response to a stimulus that occur without learning Conditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that gains the power to cause a res ...
... -anything in the environment that one can respond Unconditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically Unconditioned Response -an automatic response to a stimulus that occur without learning Conditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that gains the power to cause a res ...
Psychology Final Exam Review Sheet
... -anything in the environment that one can respond Unconditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically Unconditioned Response -an automatic response to a stimulus that occur without learning Conditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that gains the power to cause a res ...
... -anything in the environment that one can respond Unconditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically Unconditioned Response -an automatic response to a stimulus that occur without learning Conditioned Stimulus -the stimulus that gains the power to cause a res ...
355 LEARNING MECHANISMS – CONCEPTUALIZATION AND
... restriction leads, in most cases, to many errors in the student's behavior, errors with undesirable effects. If the response is unique (one and the same) to various stimuli, then it can happen very easily. To prevent such situations, the student must learn not only to react uniquely to various stimu ...
... restriction leads, in most cases, to many errors in the student's behavior, errors with undesirable effects. If the response is unique (one and the same) to various stimuli, then it can happen very easily. To prevent such situations, the student must learn not only to react uniquely to various stimu ...
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
... Types of Reinforcement • Positive reinforcement – Providing a reward for a desired behavior • Negative reinforcement – Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs ...
... Types of Reinforcement • Positive reinforcement – Providing a reward for a desired behavior • Negative reinforcement – Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs ...
UNIT 6: LEARNING
... suppose you adopted two dogs, one from the pound (a dog who had never been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell), and a dog from Pavlov's lab (who had been conditioned, then extinguished with massed trials). Now suppose that you want to condition both dogs to salivate at the sound of the b ...
... suppose you adopted two dogs, one from the pound (a dog who had never been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell), and a dog from Pavlov's lab (who had been conditioned, then extinguished with massed trials). Now suppose that you want to condition both dogs to salivate at the sound of the b ...
Word Diagrams in Teaching Classical Conditioning
... diagrams did not represent these concepts, the diagrams could not be expected to improve student performance in analyzing nonexamples. However, the diagrams were also of no help in classifying examples, and they should have been of assistance if the diagrams had acted to improve the students' abilit ...
... diagrams did not represent these concepts, the diagrams could not be expected to improve student performance in analyzing nonexamples. However, the diagrams were also of no help in classifying examples, and they should have been of assistance if the diagrams had acted to improve the students' abilit ...
Choose the best response to each question.
... A) discrimination. B) latent learning. C) extinction. D) shaping. E) intermittent reinforcement. 26.After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of: A) spontaneous recovery. B) shaping. C) generalization. D) latent ...
... A) discrimination. B) latent learning. C) extinction. D) shaping. E) intermittent reinforcement. 26.After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of: A) spontaneous recovery. B) shaping. C) generalization. D) latent ...
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
... criminal career and turn them into successful psychopaths who display a high incidence of reckless, risk-taking, and emotionally insensitive behavior patterns.3 Most psychopaths seem to lack the ability to predict impending harm from signals of threat and may thus show defi- ...
... criminal career and turn them into successful psychopaths who display a high incidence of reckless, risk-taking, and emotionally insensitive behavior patterns.3 Most psychopaths seem to lack the ability to predict impending harm from signals of threat and may thus show defi- ...
Reinforces
... • Imagine a teenager who is nagged by his mother to take out the garbage week after week. After complaining to his friends about the nagging, he finally one day performs the task and to his ...
... • Imagine a teenager who is nagged by his mother to take out the garbage week after week. After complaining to his friends about the nagging, he finally one day performs the task and to his ...
Verbal Behavior Glossary Mark L. Sundberg 2/19/04 Audience
... etc. A speaker is also someone who uses sign language, gestures, signals, written words, codes, pictures, or any form of verbal behavior. Tact An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement ...
... etc. A speaker is also someone who uses sign language, gestures, signals, written words, codes, pictures, or any form of verbal behavior. Tact An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement ...
The Neural Substrates of Incidental Sensory
... reflexive, unconditioned response (UR), like salivation in preparation for said food. However, when the UR is paired with an otherwise neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, or CS), such as the ringing of a bell when food is presented, eventually the CS presented alone will be sufficient to evo ...
... reflexive, unconditioned response (UR), like salivation in preparation for said food. However, when the UR is paired with an otherwise neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, or CS), such as the ringing of a bell when food is presented, eventually the CS presented alone will be sufficient to evo ...
Ability - Assignment Point
... Theories of Learning (cont’d) Social-Learning Theory People can learn through observation and direct experience. Key Concepts • Attentional processes • Retention processes ...
... Theories of Learning (cont’d) Social-Learning Theory People can learn through observation and direct experience. Key Concepts • Attentional processes • Retention processes ...
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is a learning process in which an innate response to a potent stimulus comes to be elicited in response to a previously neutral stimulus; this is achieved by repeated pairings of the neutral stimulus with the potent stimulus. The basic facts about classical conditioning were discovered by Ivan Pavlov through his famous experiments with dogs. Together with operant conditioning, classical conditioning became the foundation of Behaviorism, a school of psychology that dominated psychology in the mid-20th century and is still an important influence on the practice of psychological therapy and the study of animal behaviour (ethology). Classical conditioning is now the best understood of the basic learning processes, and its neural substrates are beginning to be understood.